CN108593846B - Experimental method for measuring adsorption rate of vegetation in water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas - Google Patents
Experimental method for measuring adsorption rate of vegetation in water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108593846B CN108593846B CN201810361977.4A CN201810361977A CN108593846B CN 108593846 B CN108593846 B CN 108593846B CN 201810361977 A CN201810361977 A CN 201810361977A CN 108593846 B CN108593846 B CN 108593846B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tdg
- experimental
- vegetation
- organic glass
- supersaturated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 268
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display
- G01N33/0067—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display by measuring the rate of variation of the concentration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental method device and a calculation method for measuring the adsorption rate of vegetation in a water body on supersaturated total dissolved gas, and belongs to the technical field of supersaturation of dissolved gas in hydraulic engineering. The experimental method is used for carrying out experiments by implanting vegetation in a series of experimental water tanks to serve as vegetation in a water body; carrying out experiments on an experimental group in which vegetation is implanted and a blank control group in which vegetation is not implanted in an experimental water tank, and fitting the release process of supersaturated TDG to calculate the adsorption rate of the vegetation on the supersaturated TDG; therefore, the prediction accuracy of the transport and release of the supersaturated total dissolved gas at the downstream of the high dam drainage is improved, and research contents for alleviating adverse effects of the supersaturated TDG are enriched. The invention can use different materials as the vegetation in the water body, obtain the vegetation in the water body and absorb different rates to the supersaturated TDG; and the experimental device is simple, the operation is convenient, and the used instruments and equipment are few.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a supersaturated total dissolved gas technology, in particular to an experimental method and an experimental device for measuring the adsorption rate of vegetation in a water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas, and belongs to the technical field of dissolved gas supersaturation in hydraulic engineering.
Background
Hydroelectric power occupies an important position in energy structures as a renewable clean energy source. In recent years, the construction and operation of more and more high dams bring huge economic and social benefits to China, but are accompanied with some environmental problems, one of which is that when the high dams drain water, a large amount of gas is drawn into a plunge pool by a nappe and is dissolved into a water body under a high-pressure environment deep in the plunge pool, so that Total Dissolved Gas (TDG) in the water body is supersaturated. After the water body supersaturated with the Total Dissolved Gas (TDG) flows into the downstream river, the supersaturated total dissolved Gas in the water is not only difficult to be completely released back to the atmosphere in a short time, but also can be diffused to the downstream for a considerable distance along with the flow transportation, so that the fishes in the downstream river suffer from Gas Bubble Disease (GBD) and even die. In addition, supersaturated TDG can also adversely affect some farmed fish because some of the water source for the fish breeding stations is from the high dam.
During the drainage period of the high dam, the flow of the downstream river is increased, the water level is raised, and a large amount of beach lands and shoreside vegetation zones are submerged; the water flow characteristics of the submerged area are obviously influenced by submerged vegetation, and the river flow characteristics under the action of the vegetation are very complex; furthermore, the transport and release process of supersaturated TDG in water flow will also vary in a complex way under the action of vegetation. The transportation and release of the supersaturated TDG are closely related to the turbulent kinetic energy, water depth and the like. When rivers flow through the vegetation, the plant has the effect of blockking up to rivers, not only makes the river course depth of water increase, has still changed the hydraulic characteristic and the rivers structure of water. In addition, experimental study shows that, in TDG supersaturated water, the solid wall can produce adsorption effect to the supersaturated TDG in the aquatic, and when containing TDG supersaturated water and submerging the vegetation, a large amount of wall boundaries are provided for the precipitation of bubble to a large amount of branches and leaves of vegetation, have promoted the precipitation of supersaturated gas to a certain extent.
In recent years, the influence of vegetation is mostly ignored in the prediction of the TDG release process of the downstream river reach of the spillway, so that the prediction precision is influenced. The research before only discusses and discovers to a certain extent that the release of the supersaturated TDG in the water body can be effectively promoted by adding water-blocking media such as activated carbon or organic glass columns and the like into the water body, does not provide a quantitative relation between the adsorption rate of the supersaturated TDG by the vegetation in the water body and the wall surface area of the vegetation, and has certain limitation in application. Therefore, in order to explore the quantitative relation of the vegetation in the water body to the adsorption effect of the supersaturated TDG, the subject group provides an experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated TDG through research experiments, and an experimental device for realizing the method; the simulated plants and the organic glass sheets are selected as the vegetation in the water body, the experiment that the vegetation has influence on the release of the supersaturated TDG is carried out, the calculation formula of the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated TDG and the quantitative relation of the adsorption effect of the vegetation to the supersaturated TDG are obtained, and the invention is also the task.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of vegetation in a water body to supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas (TDG), an experimental device and a calculation method thereof aiming at the defects and the defects in the prior art. The experimental method is used for carrying out experiments by implanting vegetation in a series of experimental water tanks to serve as vegetation in a water body; fitting the supersaturated TDG release process to calculate the adsorption rate of the vegetation to the supersaturated total dissolved gas; therefore, the prediction accuracy of the transport and release of the supersaturated total dissolved gas at the downstream of the high dam drainage is improved, and the research content for slowing down the adverse effect of the supersaturated TDG is enriched.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the present invention is achieved by the following technical means.
The experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas (TDG) provided by the invention comprises the following steps of carrying out experiments by an experimental group implanted with the vegetation and a blank control group not implanted with the vegetation in an experimental water tank; through calculating the adsorption rate of vegetation to supersaturation TDG release process carries out the fitting, the vegetation is emulation plant or organic glass piece, specifically includes the following operating procedure:
step 4, after the hot melt adhesive for fixing the simulation plants and the organic glass sheets is completely dried, injecting supersaturated TDG water with the same volume into the three groups of experimental water tanks; and the requirement can meet the standard of submerging the simulation plant or the organic glass sheet implanted in the experimental water tank; the initial saturation of the supersaturated TDG water is kept between 160 and 170 percent;
6, after the first measurement is finished, performing second measurement after about 5 minutes; measuring the sequence of each group of experimental water tanks in the same step 5;
step 7, after the second measurement is finished, the next measurement is carried out, wherein the time interval between the previous measurement and the next measurement is gradually increased according to the tolerance of 10-30 minutes;
and 8, stopping the experiment until the TDG value in the water tank with the highest supersaturation TDG release speed in each group of experimental water tanks is reduced to be close to 100%, and recording the measured experimental data.
In the above technical scheme, the material of the simulation plant is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the surface area of the single plant is 0.074m2。
In the technical scheme, the organic glass sheet is made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the size of the organic glass sheet is 20cm in length, 18cm in width and 0.5cm in thickness.
In the above technical solution, the simulation plants arranged on the inner wall surface of the second group of experimental water tanks are simulation plants which are arranged on the left and right inner wall surfaces, or the front and rear inner wall surfaces of the same experimental water tank of the second group, and are distributed symmetrically and uniformly and in equal quantity.
In the technical scheme, the organic glass sheets arranged at the bottom of the third group of experimental water tanks are two layers of organic glass sheets which are arranged at the bottom of the same experimental water tank of the third group along the bottom edge of the experimental water tank in a staggered manner; the interval between two organic glass sheets on each layer is equal, and all the organic glass sheets are kept to be vertically and uniformly distributed along the bottom edge of the experimental water tank in a staggered mode.
In the technical scheme, the third group of two organic glass sheets arranged at the bottom edge of the same experimental water tank in a staggered manner are vertically arranged with the lower organic glass sheet in a staggered manner; when the organic glass sheet is arranged on the upper layer, a position which is 10cm away from the wall surface of the experimental water tank is reserved on one side in the experimental water tank and is used for arranging the TGP tester.
In the technical scheme, the contact areas of the simulation plant single plant and the organic glass sheet single sheet and the water body in the experimental water tank are equal.
In the technical scheme, in order to better measure the supersaturated TDG, the TGP tester is arranged at a depth of 0.15 meters below the liquid level in the experimental water tank.
In the above technical scheme, each group of experimental water tanks is open and communicated with the atmosphere.
Other organic materials, such as rubber, can also be used in the vegetation of the present invention.
The experimental device comprises a first group of experimental water tanks, a second group of experimental water tanks, a third group of experimental water tanks, a simulation plant, an organic glass sheet and a TGP (triglycidyl isocyanurate) tester; the first group of experimental water tanks are used as blank groups of experimental water tanks, namely, simulation plants and organic glass sheets are not implanted in the experimental water tanks; the second group of experimental water tanks is 4 in number and is used for implanting simulation plants; the third group of experimental water tanks are used for implanting organic glass sheets; and a TGP tester is arranged in each experimental water tank.
According to the experimental data measured by the experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body on the supersaturated total dissolved gas, the adsorption rate is calculated, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the formula for obtaining the TDG saturation G by adopting the first-order kinetic reaction and fitting the TDG supersaturation release process by using MATLAB software is as follows:
G-Geq＝(Gt＝0-Geq)e-λt (1)
wherein G is TDG saturation (%); gt＝0Is the initial saturation of TDG; geqTDG equilibrium saturation (%); λ is TDG release coefficient (min)-1) T is time;
(2) the concentration of TDG saturation G is expressed as follows:
C＝CsG (2)
in the formula: c is TDG concentration (mg. L)-1)；CsIs air solubility (mg. L)-1)；
(3) Combining equation (1) and equation (2), the following relationship can be obtained:
C＝(Ct＝0-Ceq)e-λt+Ceq (3)
in the formula, C is the TDG concentration in the water body at the corresponding moment; ceqFor equilibrium concentration of TDG, take Ceq＝Cs；Ct＝0Is the initial TDG concentration (mg. L)-1) (ii) a t is time (minutes);
(4) the formula (3) is derived and dispersed, and the variation of the TDG concentration in unit time can be obtained by sorting, as shown in the following formula:
ΔC＝-Δtλ(C-Ceq) (4)
wherein Δ t is an arbitrary time tiChange to the next moment ti+1Time change of (min); Δ C is the change in TDG concentration (mg. L) over a period of Δ t-1)；
(5) For the same concentration of TDG, the change in TDG concentration over the Δ t period for the blank control group is as follows:
ΔCb＝-Δtλb(C-Ceq) (5)
and the change in TDG concentration over the Δ t period for the experimental group is as follows:
ΔCe＝-Δtλe(C-Ceq) (6)
from this, it can be calculated that, when the supersaturated TDG concentration is C, the change in the supersaturated TDG concentration caused only by the vegetation wall adsorption effect in the Δ t period is as follows:
ΔCw＝ΔCe-ΔCb＝-Δt(C-Ceq)(λe-λb) (7)
in the formula: delta CbChange in TDG concentration (mg. L) of blank group in time period of Δ t-1)；λbSupersaturated TDG Release coefficient (min) for blank set-1)；ΔCeChange of experimental TDG concentration (mg. L) in the time period of delta t-1)；λeCorresponding supersaturated TDG Release coefficient (min) for the test group-1)；ΔCwThe change of TDG concentration (mg.L) caused by vegetation wall adsorption effect in the delta t time period-1)；
(6) For equation (7), when Δ t approaches 0, the following equation:
(7) integrating t simultaneously on the left side and the right side of the formula (8) to obtain the relation between the concentration of supersaturated TDG adsorbed by the vegetation wall and the time, as shown in the following formula:
Cw＝-(C-Ceq)(λe-λb)t (9)
in the formula: cwConcentration (mg. L) of TDG adsorbed on vegetation wall-1)；
(8) Defining the adsorption flux of a vegetation wall surface per unit area to supersaturated TDG in unit time as FwDividing the vegetation wall area A on both sides of the formula (9) to obtain the following formula:
(9) defining a formula
Equation (11) is the adsorption rate of the wall surface, i.e. the expression of the adsorption flux of the supersaturated TDG per unit area per unit time is obtained as follows:
Fw＝-kw(C-Ceq) (12)
in the formula: k is a radical ofwIs the adsorption rate (m)-2·min-1)。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention provides an experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of vegetation in a water body to supersaturated TDG for the first time, and experiments are carried out by an experimental group in which vegetation is implanted and a blank control group in which vegetation is not implanted in an experimental water tank; and (3) adopting a first-order kinetic reaction to the measured experimental data, and fitting the supersaturated TDG release process by using MATLAB software to obtain the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated TDG.
2. According to the invention, the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated TDG is obtained through the experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated TDG, so that a theoretical basis is provided for improving the prediction precision of the supersaturated TDG release and enriching the research content for slowing down the adverse effect of the supersaturated TDG.
3. According to the experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated TDG, the simulated plants or organic glass sheets made of different materials are implanted into the inner wall and the bottom of each experimental water tank to serve as the vegetation in the water body, so that the vegetation is obtained to have different adsorption rates to the supersaturated TDG; and other different materials can be used as the vegetation in the water body, so that different adsorption rates of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated TDG are obtained.
4. The experimental device adopted for realizing the experimental method has the advantages of simple structure, less used instruments and equipment, no special requirements, convenient operation and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus of a first set of experimental water tanks according to an embodiment of the experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of vegetation in a water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas, namely, a blank control group in which vegetation is not implanted in the experimental water tanks;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second set of experimental tanks according to an embodiment of the experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of vegetation in a water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas of the present invention; wherein 8 simulated plants are implanted into the experimental water tank shown in the step (a); (b) 12 simulation plants are implanted into the experimental water tank; (c) 16 simulation plants are implanted into the experimental water tank; (d) 20 simulation plants are implanted into the experimental water tank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus of the third set of experimental tanks in an embodiment of the experimental method for measuring a total supersaturated dissolved gas adsorption rate by vegetation in a water body according to the present invention; wherein 8 organic glass sheets are implanted into the experimental water tank shown in the step (a); (b) 12 organic glass sheets are implanted into the experimental water tank; (c) 16 organic glass sheets are implanted into the experimental water tank; (d) 20 organic glass sheets are implanted into the experimental water tank;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the release process of supersaturated total dissolved gas in experimental water tanks measured by an example and the vegetation used in the experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of the vegetation in a water body to the supersaturated total dissolved gas; wherein (a) is a curve chart of the release process of supersaturated total dissolved gas in each experimental water tank implanted with a simulation plant and in a blank control group of experimental water tanks not implanted with the simulation plant; (b) a curve chart of the release process of supersaturated total dissolved gas in each experimental water tank implanted with the organic glass sheet and in a blank control group of the experimental water tanks not implanted with the organic glass sheet is shown;
fig. 5 is an experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of vegetation in a water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas, according to the fitting curve graphs of the release processes of supersaturated total dissolved gas in experimental water tanks measured by the embodiment, wherein (a) is a fitting curve graph of the release processes of supersaturated total dissolved gas in experimental water tanks implanted with simulated plants and in experimental water tank blank control groups not implanted with simulated plants, and (b) is a fitting curve graph of the release processes of supersaturated total dissolved gas in experimental water tanks implanted with organic glass sheets and in experimental water tank blank control groups not implanted with organic glass sheets.
In the figure, 1 the first group of experimental water tank, 2 the second group of experimental water tank, 3 the third group of experimental water tank, 4 emulation plants, 5 organic glass pieces, 6TGP apparatus.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention.
The experimental device adopted for realizing the experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated TDG is shown in figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3, and comprises a first group of experimental water tanks 1, a second group of experimental water tanks 2, a third group of experimental water tanks 3, a simulated plant 4, an organic glass sheet 5 and a TGP tester 6.
In fig. 1, a first group of experimental water tanks 1 which are not implanted with vegetation as a blank control group during measurement is shown in the structural diagram, namely, a simulation plant 4 is not implanted into the first group of experimental water tanks 1, and an organic glass sheet 5 is not implanted, and a TGP tester 6 is placed in the first group of experimental water tanks.
In fig. 2, a structure diagram of a simulation plant 4 is implanted on the inner wall surface of each experimental water tank of the second group of experimental water tanks 2 during measurement; wherein 4 simulation plants 4 are symmetrically arranged and uniformly distributed on the left inner wall surface and the right inner wall surface in the experimental water tank shown in (a), and the total number of the simulation plants is 8; (b) 6 simulation plants 4 are symmetrically arranged and uniformly distributed on the left inner wall surface and the right inner wall surface in the experimental water tank, and 12 simulation plants are planted in total; (c) 8 simulation plants 4 are symmetrically arranged and uniformly distributed on the left inner wall surface and the right inner wall surface in the experimental water tank, and 16 simulation plants are planted in the experimental water tank; (d) 10 simulation plants 4 are symmetrically arranged and uniformly distributed on the left inner wall surface and the right inner wall surface in the experimental water tank, and 20 simulation plants are planted in the experimental water tank; the TGP tester 6 is also arranged in each experimental water tank of the second group.
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an organic glass sheet 5 implanted into the bottom of each experimental water tank of the third group of experimental water tanks 3 during measurement; wherein (a) 8 organic glass sheets 5 are arranged in the experimental water tank, 6 organic glass sheets 5 on the first layer are arranged at the bottom in the experimental water tank along the left and right bottom edges of the experimental water tank in a staggered manner, 2 organic glass sheets 5 on the second layer are vertical to the 6 organic glass sheets 5 on the first layer, (b) 12 organic glass sheets 5 are arranged in the experimental water tank in a staggered manner, 6 organic glass sheets 5 on the first layer are arranged at the bottom in the experimental water tank along the left and right bottom edges of the experimental water tank, 6 organic glass sheets 5 on the second layer are vertical to the 6 organic glass sheets 5 on the first layer, (c) 16 organic glass sheets 5 are arranged in the experimental water tank in a staggered manner, 8 organic glass sheets 5 on the first layer are arranged at the bottom in the experimental water tank along the left and right bottom edges of the experimental water tank in a staggered manner, and 8 organic glass sheets 5 on the second layer are vertical to the 8 organic glass sheets 5 on the first, (d) totally, arrange 20 organic glass pieces 5 in the experimental water tank shown, the bottom in the experimental water tank is arranged along two base staggered arrangements about this experimental water tank to 10 organic glass pieces 5 of first layer, and 10 organic glass pieces 5 and the equal verticality of 10 organic glass pieces 5 of first layer of second layer.
In the following embodiment, the first group of experimental water tanks corresponds to working condition 1; in the second group of experiment water tanks, (a) the experiment water tank corresponds to a working condition 2, (b) the experiment water tank corresponds to a working condition 3, (c) the experiment water tank corresponds to a working condition 4, and (d) the experiment water tank corresponds to a working condition 5; in the third group of experiment water tanks, (a) the experiment water tanks correspond to a working condition 6; (b) the experimental water tank corresponds to a working condition 7; (c) the experimental water tank corresponds to a working condition 8; (d) the experimental water tank corresponds to the working condition 9.
Examples
This example was carried out in the national focus laboratory of the university of Sichuan hydraulics and the development and protection of mountainous rivers.
The first group of experimental water tanks 1 is 25cm long, 25cm wide and 40cm high; the second group of experimental water tanks 2 and the third group of experimental water tanks 3 are the same as the first group of experimental water tanks in length, width and height.
The simulated Plant (PVC) used in this example, the area of the single leaf of the simulated plant was obtained by the grid method statistics and was 0.0738m2The area of the branches is generalized into a cylinder and a cone, and the diameter and the length of the cylinder and the cone are measured by a steel ruler to obtain the diameter of 0.0002m2The surface area of the simulated plant obtained by adding the areas of the two parts is 0.074m2(ii) a The size of the used organic glass sheet (PPMA) is 20cm in length, 18cm in width and 0.5cm in thickness;
the TGP tester 6 for measuring the water supersaturation degree TDG adopts a Point Four TGP tester produced by Pentair corporation of Minnesota in the United states to measure, the measuring range is 0-200%, and the precision is +/-2%.
According to the experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of the vegetation in the water body to the supersaturated TDG, the specific operation steps of the whole experiment are as follows:
step 4, arranging 12 simulation plants 4 in the experiment water tank shown by the working condition 3 of the second group of experiment water tanks 2(b), uniformly fixing 6 simulation plants on the left inner wall surface in the experiment water tank by using a hot melt adhesive, and uniformly fixing 6 simulation plants on the right inner wall surface of the experiment water tank by using the hot melt adhesive and symmetrically distributing the simulation plants on the left inner wall surface;
step 7, taking 4 experimental water tanks with cleaned inner walls as a third group of experimental water tanks 3, namely working conditions 6, 7, 8 and 9, arranging 8 organic glass sheets 5 on the bottom in the experimental water tank shown by the working conditions 6 in (a) of the third group of experimental water tanks 3, arranging 6 organic glass sheets 5 on the first layer in a staggered manner along the left and right bottom edges of the experimental water tank, fixing the bottom in the experimental water tank by using hot melt adhesive, and fixing the side surfaces of the organic glass sheets arranged along the left and right bottom edges of the experimental water tank at the contact positions with the left inner wall surface and the right inner wall surface of the experimental water tank by using hot melt adhesive; the 2 organic glass sheets 5 on the second layer and the 6 organic glass sheets on the first layer are vertically arranged and fixed by hot melt adhesive, one organic glass sheet on the second layer close to the right side is 10cm away from the right inner wall surface of the experimental water tank, the contact part of the side surface of the organic glass sheet and the rear inner wall surface of the experimental water tank is fixed by hot melt adhesive, the other organic glass sheet on the second layer is distributed between one organic glass sheet close to the right side and the left inner wall surface of the experimental water tank, and the contact part of the side surface of the organic glass sheet and the front inner wall surface of the experimental water;
step 8, arranging 12 organic glass sheets 5 at the bottom in the experimental water tank shown by the working condition 7 of the working condition (b) of the third group of experimental water tanks 3, wherein the 6 organic glass sheets 5 on the first layer are arranged at the bottom in the experimental water tank in a staggered manner along the left and right bottom edges of the experimental water tank and are fixed by hot melt adhesive, and the side surfaces of the organic glass sheets arranged along the left and right bottom edges of the experimental water tank are respectively contacted with the left inner wall surface and the right inner wall surface of the experimental water tank and are fixed by the hot melt adhesive; the 6 organic glass sheets on the second layer and the first layer of organic glass sheets are vertically arranged and fixed by hot melt adhesive, the other 5 organic glass sheets on the second layer are uniformly distributed in the middle of the organic glass sheet on the right side and the left inner wall surface of the experimental water tank in a staggered manner, the side surface of the organic glass sheet on the same side as the organic glass sheet on the right side is in contact with the rear inner wall surface of the experimental water tank and fixed by hot melt adhesive, and the side surface of the organic glass sheet on the opposite side of the organic glass sheet on the right side is in contact with the front inner wall surface of the experimental water tank and fixed by hot melt adhesive;
step 9, 16 organic glass sheets 5 are arranged at the bottom in the experimental water tank shown by the working condition 8 of the third group of experimental water tanks 3, the 8 organic glass sheets on the first layer are arranged at the bottom in the experimental water tank in a staggered manner along the left bottom edge and the right bottom edge of the experimental water tank and are fixed by hot melt adhesive, and the side surfaces of the organic glass sheets arranged along the left bottom edge and the right bottom edge of the experimental water tank are respectively contacted with the left inner wall surface and the right inner wall surface of the experimental water tank and are fixed by the hot melt adhesive; the 8 organic glass sheets on the second layer and the first layer of organic glass sheets are vertically arranged and fixed by hot melt adhesive, the other 7 organic glass sheets on the second layer are uniformly distributed in the middle of the organic glass sheet on the right side and the left inner wall surface of the experimental water tank in a staggered manner, the side surface of the organic glass sheet on the same side as the organic glass sheet on the right side is in contact with the rear inner wall surface of the experimental water tank and fixed by hot melt adhesive, and the side surface of the organic glass sheet on the opposite side of the organic glass sheet on the right side is in contact with the front inner wall surface of the experimental water tank and fixed by hot melt adhesive;
10, arranging 20 organic glass sheets 5 on the bottom in the experimental water tank shown by the working condition 9 of the third group of experimental water tanks 3, wherein the 10 organic glass sheets 5 on the first layer are arranged on the bottom in the experimental water tank in a staggered manner along the left bottom edge and the right bottom edge of the experimental water tank and are fixed by hot melt adhesive; the side surfaces of the organic glass sheets arranged along the left and right bottom edges of the experimental water tank are respectively contacted with the left inner wall surface and the right inner wall surface of the experimental water tank and are fixed by hot melt adhesives; the 10 organic glass sheets on the second layer and the first layer of organic glass sheets are vertically arranged and fixed by hot melt adhesive, the other 9 organic glass sheets on the second layer are uniformly distributed in the middle of the organic glass sheet on the right side and the left inner wall surface of the experimental water tank in a staggered manner, the side surface of the organic glass sheet on the same side as the organic glass sheet on the right side is in contact with the rear inner wall surface of the experimental water tank and fixed by hot melt adhesive, and the side surface of the organic glass sheet on the opposite side of the organic glass sheet on the right side is in contact with the front inner wall surface of the experimental water tank and fixed by hot melt adhesive;
step 11, standing each experimental water tank with the arranged simulation plants and organic glass sheets at a ventilation position of a laboratory for natural drying, and after the hot melt adhesive for fixing the simulation plants and the organic glass sheets is completely dried, injecting supersaturated water into 9 working condition experimental water tanks of the three groups of experimental water tanks, wherein the amount of the supersaturated water is based on the simulation plants or the organic glass sheets which are submerged in the experimental water tanks, the injection amount of the experimental water tanks in each working condition is equal, and the initial saturation of the supersaturated TDG water is 164%;
step 12, after each experimental water tank is kept still for about 5 minutes, measuring the supersaturated total dissolved gas value in each working condition experimental water tank by using a TGP (triglycidyl isocyanurate) tester according to the method
Sequentially measuring and recording the oversaturated TDG value of the water body in the experimental water tank, and performing five times of measurement according to the sequence;
step 13, after the first measurement is completed, 3 minutes, performing second measurement again, wherein the measurement sequence is the same as that in step 12;
step 14, after 15 minutes of the second measurement, performing the third measurement again, wherein the measurement sequence is the same as that in the step 12; after 35 minutes from the completion of the third measurement, performing a fourth measurement in the same measurement sequence as the step 12; after 65 minutes from the completion of the fourth measurement, performing a fifth measurement in the same order as step 12;
and step 15, after the fifth measurement, the TDG value of the experimental water tank with the highest supersaturation TDG release speed in the working condition 5 is reduced to 101%, and the experiment is stopped at the moment.
Step 16, the experimental data measured under the 9 working conditions are collated, and a curve graph of the supersaturation TDG of each experimental working condition along with the change of time in the embodiment is obtained, as shown in FIG. 4. The result shows that the vegetation planted in the water body can effectively promote the release of the supersaturated TDG; the more vegetation is planted, the more obvious the promotion effect on supersaturated TDG is; different vegetation has different promotion effects on supersaturated TDG, and the simulation plants have better promotion effects than organic glass sheets.
And step 17, fitting the supersaturated TDG release process under each experimental working condition in the embodiment by using MATLAB software by using a first-order kinetic reaction, wherein the fitting result is shown in Table 2, and the fitting curve diagram is shown in FIG. 5.
Step 18, calculating the adsorption rate of each test working condition of the embodiment by using the formula (11) of the invention, as shown in table 3; through analysis, different materials have different adsorption rates; the adsorption rate k of different test working conditions with the same material and different area of the inner wall surface of the implanted vegetationwAre very close; the mean adsorption rate of the used simulation plants (polyvinyl chloride) is 0.0095m-2·min-1The mean adsorption rate of the organic glass sheet (methyl methacrylate) was 0.0046m-2·min-1。
TABLE 1 summary of vegetation for each experimental condition in the examples
TABLE 2 fitting results of supersaturated TDG release process under the action of wall surface areas of vegetation of different materials
TABLE 3 adsorption Rate k of the Experimental Water tanks under various operating conditionswCalculation results
The experimental results of the above embodiments show that the experimental method for measuring the adsorption rate of vegetation to supersaturated total dissolved gas in a water body calculates the adsorption rate of the measured experimental data, namely, the MATLAB software is used to fit the TDG supersaturated release process to calculate the adsorption rate of vegetation to supersaturated TDG by adopting a first-order kinetic reaction; the experimental method, the experimental device and the calculation method can be effectively used for calculating the adsorption rate of the vegetation made of different materials on the supersaturated TDG; not only improved high dam low reaches oversaturation TDG release prediction accuracy, can supply the research content that slows down oversaturation TDG adverse effect simultaneously.
Claims (1)
1. An experiment method for measuring the adsorption rate of vegetation in a water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas is implemented by carrying out experiments on an experiment group in which vegetation is implanted and a blank control group in which vegetation is not implanted in an experiment water tank, wherein the vegetation is a simulated plant or an organic glass sheet; the method is characterized in that the adsorption rate of vegetation to the supersaturated total dissolved gas is calculated by fitting the release process of the supersaturated total dissolved gas; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a plurality of organic glass tanks, cleaning the inner walls of the organic glass tanks, placing the organic glass tanks in a ventilation position in a laboratory for natural drying, and using the organic glass tanks as experimental water tanks of each group under working conditions;
step 2, no simulation plant or organic glass sheet is implanted in the first group of experiment water tanks with the inner walls cleaned as a blank control group experiment water tank; arranging simulation plants on the inner wall surface of the second group of experiment water tanks with clean inner walls and fixing the simulation plants by hot melt adhesive; arranging an organic glass sheet at the bottom of the third group of experimental water tanks with the inner walls cleaned and fixing the organic glass sheet by hot melt adhesive;
step 3, standing the second group of experimental water tanks with the simulation plants arranged in the step 2 and the third group of experimental water tanks with the organic glass sheets arranged in the step in the air until the hot melt adhesive for fixing the simulation plants and the organic glass sheets is completely dried;
step 4, after the hot melt adhesive for fixing the simulation plants and the organic glass sheets is completely dried, injecting supersaturated TDG water with the same volume into the three groups of experimental water tanks; and the requirement can meet the requirement of submerging the simulated plants or organic glass sheets in the experimental water tank; the initial saturation of the supersaturated TDG water is kept between 160 and 170 percent;
step 5, measuring the supersaturated TDG value of the water body in each experimental water tank in the step 4 by adopting a TGP tester arranged in each group of experimental water tanks, and recording data; the measurement sequence is sequentially a second group of experimental water tanks implanted with the simulation plants, a third group of experimental water tanks implanted with the organic glass sheets and a first group of experimental water tanks not implanted with the simulation plants or the organic glass sheets;
6, after the first measurement is finished, performing second measurement at an interval of 5 minutes; measuring the sequence of each experimental water tank in the same step 5;
step 7, after the second measurement is finished, the next measurement is carried out, wherein the time interval between the previous measurement and the next measurement is gradually increased according to the tolerance of 10-30 minutes;
step 8, stopping the experiment until the supersaturated TDG value released by the supersaturated TDG in each experimental water tank is reduced to be close to 100% fastest, and recording the measured experimental data;
and (3) calculating the adsorption rate of the experimental data measured in the steps 1 to 8, wherein the steps are as follows:
(1) adopting a first-order kinetic reaction, fitting a TDG supersaturation release process by using MATLAB software to obtain a TDG saturation G formula as follows:
G-Geq＝(Gt＝0-Geq)e-λt (1)
in the formula, G is TDG saturation,%; gt＝0Is the initial saturation of TDG; geqTDG equilibrium saturation,%; λ is TDG release coefficient, min-1T is time;
(2) the concentration of TDG saturation G is expressed as follows:
C＝CsG (2)
in the formula: c is TDG concentration, mg.L-1；CsAs air solubility, mg.L-1；
(3) Combining equation (1) and equation (2), the following relationship can be obtained:
C＝(Ct＝0-Ceq)e-λt+Ceq (3)
in the formula, C is the TDG concentration in the water body at the corresponding moment; ceqFor equilibrium concentration of TDG, take Ceq＝Cs；Ct＝0Initial TDG concentration, mg.L-1(ii) a t is time, minutes;
(4) the formula (3) is derived and dispersed, and the variation of the TDG concentration in unit time can be obtained by sorting, as shown in the following formula:
ΔC＝-Δtλ(C-Ceq) (4)
wherein Δ t is an arbitrary time tiChange to the next moment ti+1Time change of (d), minutes; Δ C is the change in TDG concentration over a period of Δ t, mg.L-1；
(5) For the same concentration of TDG, the change in TDG concentration over the Δ t period for the blank control group is as follows:
ΔCb＝-Δtλb(C-Ceq) (5)
the change in TDG concentration over the Δ t period for the experimental group is as follows:
ΔCe＝-Δtλe(C-Ceq) (6)
from this, it can be calculated that, when the supersaturated TDG concentration is C, the change in the supersaturated TDG concentration caused only by the vegetation wall adsorption effect in the Δ t period is as follows:
ΔCw＝ΔCe-ΔCb＝-Δt(C-Ceq)(λe-λb) (7)
in the formula: delta CbChange in TDG concentration of blank group in Δ t time period, mg. L-1；λbOversaturated TDG release coefficient, min for blank set-1；ΔCeChange in TDG concentration of the experimental group in the time period of delta t, mg. L-1；λeCorresponding oversaturated TDG release factor, min, for the experimental group-1；ΔCwIs the TDG concentration change caused by vegetation wall adsorption effect in delta t time period of mg.L-1；
(6) For equation (7), when Δ t approaches 0, the following equation:
(7) integrating t simultaneously on the left side and the right side of the formula (8) to obtain the relation between the concentration of supersaturated TDG adsorbed by the vegetation wall and the time, as shown in the following formula:
Cw＝-(C-Ceq)(λe-λb)t (9)
in the formula: cwConcentration of TDG adsorbed on the vegetation wall in mg. L-1；
(8) Defining the adsorption flux of a vegetation wall surface per unit area to supersaturated TDG in unit time as FwThe adsorption flux formula is obtained by dividing the two sides of the formula (9) by the vegetation wall surface area A:
(9) defining a formula
Equation (11) is the adsorption rate of the wall surface, i.e. the expression of the adsorption flux of the supersaturated TDG per unit area per unit time is obtained as follows:
Fw＝-kw(C-Ceq) (12)
in the formula: k is a radical ofwFor adsorption rate, m-2·min-1。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810361977.4A CN108593846B (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2018-04-20 | Experimental method for measuring adsorption rate of vegetation in water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810361977.4A CN108593846B (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2018-04-20 | Experimental method for measuring adsorption rate of vegetation in water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108593846A CN108593846A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
| CN108593846B true CN108593846B (en) | 2020-12-29 |
Family
ID=63614435
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810361977.4A Active CN108593846B (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2018-04-20 | Experimental method for measuring adsorption rate of vegetation in water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108593846B (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105004845B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-04-19 | 四川大学 | Method for promoting release of supersaturated total dissolved gas by using active carbon |
| CN105137020B (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-08-11 | 四川大学 | Promote the method and its experimental provision of supersaturated general dissolved gas release using aeration |
| CN105588928B (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-10-27 | 四川大学 | Promote the method for supersaturated general dissolved gas release using the medium that blocks water |
-
2018
- 2018-04-20 CN CN201810361977.4A patent/CN108593846B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Youquan Yuan 等.Modelling the promotion effect of vegetation on the dissipation of supersaturated total dissolved gas.《Ecological Modelling》.2018,89-97. * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108593846A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Vilhena et al. | The role of climate change in the occurrence of algal blooms: Lake Burragorang, Australia | |
| Li et al. | Flow characteristics in different densities of submerged flexible vegetation from an open-channel flume study of artificial plants | |
| Zhou et al. | A one-dimensional biomorphodynamic model of tidal flats: Sediment sorting, marsh distribution, and carbon accumulation under sea level rise | |
| CN104264622B (en) | The device and method that the migration of tide simulation reversing current pollution of river thing and salt solution trace back | |
| Yang et al. | The influence of hydraulic characteristics on algal bloom in three gorges reservoir, China: a combination of cultural experiments and field monitoring | |
| Yuan et al. | Modelling the promotion effect of vegetation on the dissipation of supersaturated total dissolved gas | |
| CN105588928A (en) | Method for promoting releasing of supersaturated total dissolved gas through water blocking media | |
| CN108287055B (en) | Adjustable tidal wave experiment water tank device | |
| CN204199236U (en) | The device that the migration of tide simulation reversing current pollution of river thing and salt solution trace back | |
| CN108593846B (en) | Experimental method for measuring adsorption rate of vegetation in water body to supersaturated total dissolved gas | |
| CN105004845A (en) | Method for promoting release of supersaturated total dissolved gas by using active carbon and experimental apparatus | |
| CN108842712A (en) | The research method of the method, experimental provision and the release rule that promote supersaturation DO to discharge using overflow dam | |
| CN110749415B (en) | Lateral undercurrent exchange experimental device for simulating bank fluctuation condition and use method | |
| Niu et al. | Experimental research on the promotion of supersaturated total dissolved gas dissipation by the use of activated carbon | |
| CN108166438A (en) | A kind of device for simulating the seawater environmental parameters variation of river tide section river | |
| CN101929996A (en) | Thin sheet flow simulating device | |
| CN208956512U (en) | A kind of device for laboratory cultures salt-marsh plants | |
| CN215450625U (en) | Indoor tsunami simulation generating device | |
| CN207933973U (en) | A kind of device of simulation river tide section river seawater environmental parameters variation | |
| Bek et al. | The application of a validated hydrodynamic model to improve the water management of an Egyptian shallow water coastal lake | |
| Ramirez et al. | The numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics of Barbamarco Lagoon, Italy | |
| Liu et al. | Linking watershed and eutrophication modelling for the Shihmen Reservoir, Taiwan | |
| RU82328U1 (en) | A MODEL OF A PART OF A RIVER BED FOR A STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTANTS IN A WATER ENVIRONMENT | |
| CN104459074B (en) | A kind of experimental technique measuring body eutrophication driving force factors | |
| CN107561132B (en) | Reaction device for researching growth influence factors of riverway microbial film |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Feng Jingjie Inventor after: Yuan Youquan Inventor after: Li Ran Inventor after: Wang Yuanming Inventor after: Li Kefeng Inventor after: Liang Ruifeng Inventor after: An Ruidong Inventor after: Wang Zhenhua Inventor before: Feng Jingjie Inventor before: Li Ran Inventor before: Yuan Youquan Inventor before: Wang Yuanming Inventor before: Li Kefeng Inventor before: Liang Ruifeng Inventor before: An Ruidong Inventor before: Wang Zhenhua |
|
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |