CN108166438A - A kind of device for simulating the seawater environmental parameters variation of river tide section river - Google Patents
A kind of device for simulating the seawater environmental parameters variation of river tide section river Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于水环境技术领域，涉及一种模拟河流潮汐段河道水环境要素变化的装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment, and relates to a device for simulating the change of water environment elements in a tidal section of a river.
背景技术Background technique
水环境研究等任务要求在物理模型中复演原型的海水上溯现象，即按一定比例制作天然河道缩尺模型，要求通过水量、水位与时间的缩尺复演天然河道的水文状况。为准确的模拟河道在枯水期、平水期和丰水期海水入侵河道过程，需要一套完整的水体流态控制装置。针对上述现象的模拟，采用流量控制法，模拟入海口不同水量时河道内咸淡水界面、泥沙以及各类污染物变化情况，分析水环境要素变化趋势，为数学模型分析提供参考数据。现有的以环形水槽为主体的实验装置，其水槽流量变化范围通常较为单一，全年海水流量实际变化情况较为复杂，单一的流量变化模拟无法保证对河道流量全年实际变化的范围性覆盖的模拟，即无法进行不同多组实验数据记录，这可能导致实验数据不够完整，造成结论有所偏差。同时，现有环形水槽观测时较难同时观测两面，在实际记录过程中对实验数据的记录或有延误。最后，现有环形水槽一般无坡度变化，对实际入海口坡度情况模拟不够精确，使实验数据产生些许误差。Tasks such as water environment research require that the original seawater upward phenomenon be reproduced in the physical model, that is, a natural river scale model is made in a certain proportion, and the hydrological conditions of the natural river are required to be reproduced by scaling down the water volume, water level and time. In order to accurately simulate the process of seawater intrusion into the river channel in dry season, flat water season and wet season, a complete set of water body flow control devices is required. For the simulation of the above phenomena, the flow control method is used to simulate the change of the salty and fresh water interface, sediment and various pollutants in the river channel when the water volume is different in the estuary, to analyze the change trend of the water environment elements, and to provide reference data for the mathematical model analysis. Existing experimental devices with annular tanks as the main body usually have a relatively single range of flume flow changes, and the actual changes in seawater flow throughout the year are relatively complicated. A single flow change simulation cannot guarantee the coverage of the actual annual changes in river flow. Simulation, that is, it is impossible to record different sets of experimental data, which may lead to incomplete experimental data and cause deviations in conclusions. At the same time, it is difficult to observe both sides of the existing annular tank at the same time, and there may be delays in the recording of experimental data during the actual recording process. Finally, the existing annular tanks generally have no slope change, and the simulation of the actual slope of the estuary is not accurate enough, which causes some errors in the experimental data.
目前通过直观的物理模型海水入侵机制鲜有报道。At present, there are few reports on the seawater intrusion mechanism through intuitive physical models.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于突破往常研究条件限制及克服现有技术的不足而提供一种模拟河流潮汐段河道水环境要素变化的装置。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for simulating the change of water environment elements in the tidal section of a river by breaking through the limitation of conventional research conditions and overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art.
本发明旨在克服现有环形水槽的不足，同时模拟现实入海口在不同时间段上游河道流量不同，下游潮汐流量不同的河道水流特征，使得对实际河道全年流量变化可以做到全覆盖的模拟。同时根据现实入海口河道坡度情况，本发明可以自由调节上下游坡度，进而精确研究上下游河道流量变化，进而获得河道水体水环境要素变化规律。The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the existing annular water tanks, and at the same time simulate the river flow characteristics of the actual sea estuary where the upstream river flow is different and the downstream tidal flow is different in different time periods, so that the full-coverage simulation of the actual river flow changes throughout the year can be achieved . At the same time, according to the actual slope of the river at the estuary, the present invention can freely adjust the slope of the upstream and downstream, and then accurately study the flow change of the upstream and downstream rivers, and then obtain the change rule of the water environment elements of the river.
本发明所述的模拟河流潮汐段河道水环境要素变化的装置，由上游径流流量控制装置、模拟河道槽、下游潮汐流量控制装置构成，其中模拟河道槽为倾斜度可调的槽状体，高的一端为上游端，低的一端为下游端；上游径流流量控制装置位于模拟河道槽的上游端一侧，并通过上游进水管与模拟河道槽上游端的槽底相通相连；下游潮汐流量控制装置位于模拟河道槽的下游端，并通过下游进水管与模拟河道槽下游端的槽底相通相连。The device for simulating changes in river water environment elements in the tidal section of a river according to the present invention is composed of an upstream runoff flow control device, a simulated river channel, and a downstream tidal flow control device, wherein the simulated river channel is a tank-shaped body with an adjustable inclination, with a height of The upper end is the upstream end, and the lower end is the downstream end; the upstream runoff flow control device is located on the upstream side of the simulated river channel, and is connected to the bottom of the simulated channel channel through the upstream inlet pipe; the downstream tidal flow control device is located at the The downstream end of the simulated river channel is connected to the bottom of the downstream end of the simulated river channel through the downstream water inlet pipe.
所述的上游径流流量控制装置由淡水池，上游水泵、上游流量计、上游阀门和上游进水管构成并通过上游进水管依次连接，上游进水管的两端头分别与淡水池、模拟河道槽的上游端底部相连。通过上游水泵向模拟河道槽注入模拟下泄淡水，上游流量计控制下泄水量。The upstream runoff flow control device is composed of a fresh water pool, an upstream water pump, an upstream flow meter, an upstream valve and an upstream water inlet pipe, and is sequentially connected through the upstream water inlet pipe. The upstream end is connected to the bottom. The simulated discharge of fresh water is injected into the simulated river channel through the upstream water pump, and the upstream flow meter controls the discharge of water.
所述的模拟河道槽，槽壁由便于观察的透明硬质材料制作而成，两端头设置封板封闭。In the simulated river channel, the wall of the channel is made of transparent hard material that is easy to observe, and the two ends are sealed with sealing plates.
所述的模拟河道槽，在靠近模拟河道槽的上游端和靠近模拟河道槽的下游端的底部还分别设置有高度可调的上游脚架和下游脚架。当模拟河道槽较长是中间部位可增设脚架。通过调节脚架的高度来控制模拟河道槽的倾斜度，进而模拟河道坡度。In the simulated river channel, a height-adjustable upstream stand and a downstream stand are respectively provided on the bottoms near the upstream end of the simulated river channel and the downstream end of the simulated river channel. When the simulated river channel is longer, a tripod can be added in the middle part. By adjusting the height of the tripod to control the inclination of the simulated river channel, and then simulate the slope of the river.
所述的模拟河道槽，槽底还铺设有细沙，模拟河床地貌。In the simulated river channel, fine sand is laid on the bottom of the channel to simulate the topography of the river bed.
所述的两端头设置的封板，在模拟河道槽的上游端为上游封板，下游端为下游封板。The sealing plates provided at both ends are upstream sealing plates at the upstream end of the simulated river channel, and downstream sealing plates at the downstream end.
所述的下游封板，在靠近槽底底部的位置设置有排水口。The downstream sealing plate is provided with a drain near the bottom of the tank.
所述的下游潮汐流量控制装置由模拟咸水水池，下游水泵、下游流量计、下游阀门和下游进水管构成并通过下游进水管依次连接，下游进水管的两端头分别与模拟咸水水池、模拟河道槽装置的下游端的槽底底部相连。通过下游水泵向模拟河道槽注入模拟上溯咸水，下游流量计控制上溯水量。The downstream tidal flow control device is composed of a simulated salt water pool, a downstream water pump, a downstream flow meter, a downstream valve and a downstream water inlet pipe, and is sequentially connected through the downstream water inlet pipe. The bottom of the tank bottom at the downstream end of the simulated river channel device is connected. The simulated upstream salt water is injected into the simulated river channel through the downstream water pump, and the downstream flow meter controls the upstream water volume.
本发明具有如下有益效果：The present invention has following beneficial effect:
本发明所述的上下游流量均可通过流量计实现控制，变化范围广，可模拟全年时间段任意河流水流量及海水上溯水量。The upstream and downstream flows of the present invention can all be controlled by the flowmeter, and the range of variation is wide, which can simulate the flow of any river and the upstream water flow of seawater during the whole year.
本发明所述水槽槽体一侧可采用较透明玻璃材质，可直观观测所模拟实验变化情况，同时能够自由调节水槽坡度，精确模拟具体河道情况。One side of the tank body of the water tank of the present invention can be made of relatively transparent glass material, which can visually observe the changes of the simulated experiment, and can freely adjust the slope of the tank to accurately simulate specific river conditions.
本发明所述的装置构造简单，操作简单，人工劳动强度低，实用范围广，实验效率高，节约资源，降低实验费用。The device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, simple operation, low labor intensity, wide application range, high experiment efficiency, resource saving and lower experiment cost.
本发明所述的蓄水池容积大，可为实验水量提供硬件支撑，保证水量的充足和实验的精确性。The water storage tank of the invention has a large volume, which can provide hardware support for the water volume of the experiment, and ensure the sufficient water volume and the accuracy of the experiment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的装置的正面示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic front view of the device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
图1中，1是模拟河道槽的下游端；2是模拟河道槽的下游封板；3是下游封板，在靠近槽底底部的位置设置有排水口；4是下游潮汐流量控制装置中的下游阀门；5是下游潮汐流量控制装置中的下游流量计；6是下游潮汐流量控制装置中的模拟咸水水池；7是下游潮汐流量控制装置中的下游进水管；8是下游潮汐流量控制装置中下游水泵；9是模拟河道槽靠近模拟河道槽的下游端（1）的底部高度可调的下游脚架；10是模拟河道槽；11是模拟河道槽（10）靠近模拟河道槽（10）的上游端的底部高度可调的上游脚架；12是上游径流流量控制装置中的上游进水管；13是上游径流流量控制装置中上游水泵；14是上游径流流量控制装置中的淡水池；15是上游径流流量控制装置中的上游流量计；16是上游径流流量控制装置中的上游阀门；17是模拟河道槽（10）的上游封板；18是模拟河道槽（10）的上游端。In Fig. 1, 1 is the downstream end of the simulated channel channel; 2 is the downstream sealing plate of the simulated channel channel; 3 is the downstream sealing plate, and a drainage port is set near the bottom of the channel; 4 is the downstream tidal flow control device Downstream valve; 5 is the downstream flow meter in the downstream tidal flow control device; 6 is the simulated salt water pool in the downstream tidal flow control device; 7 is the downstream inlet pipe in the downstream tidal flow control device; 8 is the downstream tidal flow control device Middle and lower reaches water pump; 9 is a height-adjustable downstream tripod at the bottom of the simulated river channel close to the downstream end (1) of the simulated river channel; 10 is the simulated river channel; 11 is the simulated river channel (10) close to the simulated river channel (10) 12 is the upstream water inlet pipe in the upstream runoff flow control device; 13 is the upstream water pump in the upstream runoff flow control device; 14 is the fresh water pool in the upstream runoff flow control device; 15 is The upstream flow meter in the upstream runoff flow control device; 16 is the upstream valve in the upstream runoff flow control device; 17 is the upstream sealing plate of the simulated river channel (10); 18 is the upstream end of the simulated river channel (10).
下面结合附图以具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in specific embodiments.
根据本发明内容中提出的技术方案，采用钢化玻璃结合不锈钢连接件，通过玻璃壁可直观观察模拟河道水文情况和水位高度等。According to the technical solution proposed in the content of the present invention, tempered glass is combined with stainless steel connectors, and the simulated river hydrology and water level can be visually observed through the glass wall.
加工上游径流流量控制装置中的淡水池（14）、模拟河道槽（10）和下游潮汐流量控制装置中的模拟咸水水池（6）。Process the fresh water pool (14) in the upstream runoff flow control device, the simulated river channel (10) and the simulated salt water pool (6) in the downstream tidal flow control device.
通过下游潮汐流量控制装置中的下游进水管（7）将下游潮汐流量控制装置中的下游阀门（4）、下游潮汐流量控制装置中的下游流量计（5）、下游潮汐流量控制装置中下游水泵（8）依次与下游潮汐流量控制装置中的模拟咸水水池（6）、模拟河道槽（10）的下游端底部进行串接形成水通路。串接后模拟咸水水池（6）的模拟咸水能够通过串接的水通路将模拟咸水泵入模拟河道槽（10）的下游端底部。The downstream valve (4) in the downstream tidal flow control device, the downstream flowmeter (5) in the downstream tidal flow control device, and the downstream water pump in the downstream tidal flow control device are connected through the downstream inlet pipe (7) in the downstream tidal flow control device. (8) Connect in series with the bottom of the downstream end of the simulated salt water pool (6) and the simulated river channel (10) in the downstream tidal flow control device in sequence to form a water passage. The simulated salt water in the simulated salt water pool (6) can be pumped into the bottom of the downstream end of the simulated river channel (10) through the serially connected water channel.
通过上游径流流量控制装置中的上游进水管（12）将上游径流流量控制装置中的上游阀门（16）、上游流量计（15）、上游水泵（13）依次与上游潮汐流量控制装置中的淡水池（14）、模拟河道槽（10）的上游端底部进行串接形成水通路。串接后的淡水池（14）中的淡水能够通过串接的水通路将淡水泵入上游端底部。Through the upstream water inlet pipe (12) in the upstream runoff flow control device, the upstream valve (16), the upstream flow meter (15), and the upstream water pump (13) in the upstream runoff flow control device are sequentially connected to the fresh water in the upstream tidal flow control device. The pool (14) and the bottom of the upstream end of the simulated river channel (10) are connected in series to form a water passage. The fresh water in the fresh water pool (14) connected in series can be pumped into the bottom of the upstream end through the water channel connected in series.
在模拟河道槽（10）的下游端（1）的下游封板（1）靠近槽底底部的位置设置有排水口（3），在实验结束时可通过排水口（3）将河道槽（10）内的水排净。The downstream sealing plate (1) of the downstream end (1) of the simulated river channel (10) is provided with a drainage port (3) near the bottom of the channel bottom, and the channel channel (10 ) to drain the water.
在模拟河道槽（10）靠近模拟河道槽（10）的上游端（18）和靠近模拟河道槽（10）的下游端（1）的底部所设置有高度可调的上游脚架（11）和下游脚架（9）对模拟河道槽（10）起支撑和固定作用，同时。当模拟河道槽较长时中间部位可增设脚架。通过调节脚架的高度来控制模拟河道槽的倾斜度，进而模拟河道坡度。A height-adjustable upstream tripod (11) and The downstream tripod (9) supports and fixes the simulated river channel (10), and at the same time. When the simulated river channel is long, a tripod can be added in the middle part. By adjusting the height of the tripod to control the inclination of the simulated river channel, and then simulate the slope of the river.
装置运行方式：首先调节上游脚架（11）和下游脚架（9）的高度，使模拟河道槽（10）呈一定坡度，上游的高下游的低。当模拟上游径流流量时，上游的淡水由上游水泵（13）从淡水池（14）抽取，通过上游流量计（15）调节水量，通过上游进水管（12）将淡水注入模拟河道槽（10）的上游端（18）中。当模拟下游潮汐流量时，下游的模拟咸水由下游水泵（8）从咸水池（6）抽取，通过下游流量计（5）调节水量，通过下游进水管（7）将咸水注入模拟河道槽（10）的下游端（1）中。Device operation mode: first adjust the heights of the upstream tripod (11) and the downstream tripod (9), so that the simulated river channel (10) has a certain slope, and the upstream is high and the downstream is low. When simulating the upstream runoff flow, the upstream fresh water is drawn from the fresh water pool (14) by the upstream water pump (13), the water volume is adjusted by the upstream flow meter (15), and the fresh water is injected into the simulated river channel (10) through the upstream water inlet pipe (12) in the upstream end (18). When simulating the downstream tidal flow, the downstream simulated salt water is drawn from the salt water pool (6) by the downstream water pump (8), the water volume is adjusted by the downstream flow meter (5), and the salt water is injected into the simulated river channel through the downstream inlet pipe (7) (10) at the downstream end (1).
上游和下游水量均根据实际环境等比例缩尺，通过测定模拟河道内水环境要素变化情况，建模分析河流盐度、泥沙及各类污染物入侵机理，并根据实际河流数值进行修正，最终结果运用于实际环境系统分析，为河口生活和生态环境修复等提供支撑。Both the upstream and downstream water volumes are scaled according to the actual environment. By measuring the changes in the water environment elements in the simulated river channel, modeling and analysis of the river salinity, sediment and the intrusion mechanism of various pollutants are made, and corrections are made based on the actual river values. Finally, The results are applied to the analysis of the actual environmental system to provide support for the life of the estuary and the restoration of the ecological environment.
以上所述的实施例，只是本发明较优选的具体实施方式的一种，本领域的技术人员在本发明技术实施方案范围内进行的通常变化和替换都包含在本发明的保护范围内。The embodiments described above are only one of the more preferred specific implementations of the present invention, and the usual changes and substitutions performed by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical implementation of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN110749415A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-02-04 | 河海大学 | Lateral undercurrent exchange experimental device for simulating bank fluctuation condition and use method |
| CN113484491A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-08 | 海南大学 | Self-circulation river ecosystem simulation monitoring devices |
| CN114088065A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-25 | 西安理工大学 | Device of runoff circulation injection mechanism and use method thereof |
| CN114814164A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-29 | 河海大学 | A device and method for simulating seawater upstream intrusion into coastal aquifers along a river channel |
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Application publication date: 20180615 |