RU82328U1 - A MODEL OF A PART OF A RIVER BED FOR A STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTANTS IN A WATER ENVIRONMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

A model of a section of a river bed for studying the dynamics of the spread of pollutants in an aquatic environment, containing a frame made of wooden blocks, flooring made of sheets of wood-fiber board, adjustable weirs, a spillway tank, characterized in that it is equipped with foam plastic modular blocks with a formed relief of the channel, laid in a given order, and devices for simulating pollutant entry into the channel.

Description

The utility model relates to hydrodynamic structures, allowing in laboratory conditions to simulate the process of distribution of pollutants of various nature in the channels of the studied rivers.

It is known to use such hydrodynamic structures as pools, hydrowells. Analogs of the invention: experimental pool (RF Patent No. 2058542 G01M010 / 00), a bench installation for modeling the flow of water around a towed body (RF Patent No. 20133285 B63B009 / 02). All of them are bulky capital structures, the creation of which is possible only in specialized premises. In addition, they do not take into account the morphology of the channel of the studied section of the flowing reservoir.

Thus, the known hydrodynamic structures impossible:

- conducting tests in a standard laboratory without involving capital equipment;

- conducting experiments taking into account the morphology of the channel of a particular watercourse;

- parallel simulate pollutant intake in a different state of aggregation and from various types of pollution sources.

The objectives of the utility model are:

- modeling the distribution of pollutant in a given section of the channel, taking into account its specific morphological features;

- modeling of the spread of toxic pollutants of various nature, the use of which in natural conditions is impossible;

- modeling of the process of pollutant intake in aerosol

or a liquid state from a point or area source of infection;

- determination of the temporal dynamics of the spread of the pollution area;

- determination of the degree of dilution of the contamination area relative to the initial concentration at a given distance from the source.

The technical result that can be obtained using the utility model is the possibility of testing without the involvement of capital laboratory equipment (hydrowells, test pools, etc.). The model simplifies the test procedure, and the principle of its construction provides lightness and mobility of the structure.

The task is achieved in that the frame is based on laboratory tables, and the flooring of the wood-fiber board is aligned in level. Modular foam blocks with a formed relief of the channel in the given order are laid on top of the flooring. The relief of the channel is formed by burning in the polystyrene horizontally with a nichrome wire. The tightness of the docking blocks provides a silicone sealant.

The scale of the model is limited to the free space of the laboratory. A significant advantage of the model is the equality of its vertical and horizontal scales. This provides a geometric similarity between the model and nature, which, if the flow rates and flow depths are correctly reproduced, leads to a three-dimensional similarity of the hydraulic flow structure on the model and in nature. In this case, areas of localization of pollution are adequately reproduced.

The scale factor of length M _l on the model is equal to the scale factor of depth M _h . Accordingly, the scale coefficient of the slope is 1. From the equality of the Froude numbers of nature and the model, we obtain the scale coefficient of water velocity. Hence the scale factor of time is equal to M _t = M _l / M _ν .

It is used in determining the propagation time of pollution.

on the river. The scale factor of the area defined M _s = M _l · M _h . The scale factor of the volume is equal to M _v = M _l · M _l · M _h . The scaled flow coefficient is M _Q = M _v / M _t .

The basis for the construction of the model is a channel survey of a river section and an aerial photograph. The channel survey of the studied area is carried out using a portable echo sounder - the JJ depth gauge - Connekt Fisherman 120.

The relief of the model is formed in the foam by burning horizontally with a nichrome wire (d = 0.5 mm). The upper surface layer is treated with a composition including cement, PVA glue, fine sifted river sand in a volume ratio (30: 1: 25).

The remaining part of the surface, fully reproducing the relief of the surface of the terrain, is formed by putty, processed with textured plaster and coated with oil paint (in the case of modeling the flood situation).

Regulated spillways and a spillway are located around the perimeter of the structure, depending on the morphological features of the river bed.

The flow of pollutant into the riverbed is provided by devices for modeling the flow of pollutant in the form of an aerosol (areal) and a point source of pollution.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by photographs, where photo 1 shows a laboratory hydrological model of the river bed. In photo 2 - a device for simulating the flow of pollutant into the riverbed in the form of an aerosol. Photo 3 shows a device for modeling a point source of pollutant input into a river bed.

The proposed hydrological model consists of:

- frame made of wooden blocks;

- flooring - a base made of wood fiberboard;

- foam modular blocks;

- adjustable spillway;

- spillway tanks;

- devices to simulate the inflow of pollutant into the riverbed. The process of working on the model includes the following steps:

Setting the hydrological regime. Adjustable spillways and a spillway tank provide the set water consumption. Checking the correctness of the installation of the speed regime of the watercourse is provided by measuring the speed of movement of the float on the specified sections of the channel of the model.

Imitation of pollutant inflow into the riverbed. Pollutant intake is provided by devices for simulating pollutant intake. Photo 2 shows a device for simulating the influx of pollutant into the riverbed in the form of an aerosol. The device is an aerosol generator mounted on a tripod, which allows modeling the areal source of aerosol pollution. Photo 3 shows a device for simulating the point inflow of liquid pollutant into a river bed. The device is a fixed burette with a tap, which goes into a plastic tube with a clip. The burette tap controls the flow rate of the pollutant solution, and the tube clamp controls the rate of flow of the solution.

Determination of the dynamics of the distribution of pollutant in the channel. In the course of the course below the level of pollutant discharge, the sampling boundaries are determined. When the contamination area of the indicated boundaries passes through equal intervals of time, a water sample is taken with a pipette. Based on the data from the analysis of water samples, the quantitative content of pollutant at a given boundary in a certain period of time is determined.

The advantage of the proposed model is the possibility of studying the dynamics of the distribution of pollutant in the watercourse, taking into account the specific morphological features of the river channel in a standard laboratory without involving capital equipment. This advantage allows us to simplify the test procedure, reduces the complexity, the cost of manufacturing and testing.

Claims (1)

A model of a section of a river bed for studying the dynamics of the distribution of pollutants in an aqueous medium, containing a frame of wooden blocks, a deck of sheets of wood-fiber board, adjustable spillways, a spillway tank, characterized in that it is equipped with foam plastic blocks with a formed relief of the channel, laid in a predetermined order, and devices for simulating pollutant intake.