CN108592083A - Using the combustion chamber and its control method of variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply - Google Patents

Using the combustion chamber and its control method of variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108592083A
CN108592083A CN201810437323.5A CN201810437323A CN108592083A CN 108592083 A CN108592083 A CN 108592083A CN 201810437323 A CN201810437323 A CN 201810437323A CN 108592083 A CN108592083 A CN 108592083A
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fuel
air
nozzle
air inlet
level
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CN201810437323.5A
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CN108592083B (en
Inventor
李皓然
温泉
胡建
何昊宸
罗虎
李玮薇
杨家礼
肖军辉
卢志峰
张红霞
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Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute AECC
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Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute AECC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/38Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of combustion chambers and its control method using variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply, combustion chamber includes head of combustion chamber and burner inner liner, head of combustion chamber includes the first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system for being radially positioned on the outside of the first fuel-air spraying system, fuel staging feeds the first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system, the fuel air mixture that first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system eject respectively carries out lean-gas premixed combustion material burning in burner inner liner parallel-two-stage section.It supplies control and air pre-mixing by multi-stage fuel, can better adapt to multifuel firing;Advantageously reduce the discharge of pollutant;It can realize different fuel in proportion while feed, optimization is mixed and burned Properties Control, the stability and low pollution emission performance that lean-gas premixed combustion material can be kept to burn in broader working range.

Description

Using the combustion chamber and its control method of variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply
Technical field
The present invention relates to combustion with reduced pollutants fields, particularly, are related to a kind of using variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply Combustion chamber and its control method.
Background technology
Ground gas turbine is widely used in power plant, dynamic power machine, distributed energy supply, biogas and other fuel gas Energy source use etc. and people live closely related occasion, and countries in the world are to NOX, the emission request of CO, UHC etc. it is more and more tighter Lattice promote low pollution combustor technology to be continuously available development.Major well-known Engine Company of the world is in order to seize market and full The increasingly stringent emission standard of foot is on the one hand to improve product on the market all in further investigation low pollution technique Competitiveness, be on the other hand also to carry out technological reserve for demand of the future market to low emission gas turbine.Ground gas wheel Machine foreign countries have carried out that NO can be controlled on the basis of many experimentsXThe low stain combustion for controlling other pollutant emissions can be taken into account again Burning technology is tackled key problems, and the DLN combustion technologies applied at present mainly have fractional combustion, poor fuel premix and pre-evaporation burn (LPP), is fuel-rich Material/quenching/fuel-lean combustion (RQL) and catalysis burning etc..
Aero-engine changes ground gas turbine or the ripe core technology development ground gas wheel using aero-engine Machine is the common method of world industry developed country, and China has nearly 40 in terms of aero-engine changes ground gas turbine The history in year, has accumulated many experiences, but also very backward in terms of low pollution emission technical research with practical application, ground gas Turbine relies primarily on import or domestic assembling production at present.With the raising that country requires discharge standard, some sections in China It grinds institutes, university etc. and has carried out combustion with reduced pollutants technical research in succession;But it for the alternative fuel under energy-saving and emission-reduction background, can fit Biogas and the middle-size and small-size of multi fuel, miniature gas turbine low pollution combustor design key technology is answered to be weighed not yet in China Quantum jump, there is also very big gaps with developed country's ratio.
Domestic and international gas turbine and industrial burner combustion with reduced pollutants, using the master of existing premixing fuel-lean combustion scheme Want disadvantage as follows:1) pluralities of fuel cannot be adapted to simultaneously, such as biogas and natural gas;2) it is directed to the combustion of different characteristics and calorific value Material needs to change fuel nozzle or flame tube head;3) prior art is the stabilization for ensureing to burn in ignition start and operational process Property and the variation of gas turbine operating mode do not stop working, nozzle on duty need to be generally set, nozzle on duty uses traditional diffusion combustion mode, It is also easy to produce a certain amount of pollutant emission;4) it is small to stablize burning adjustable range for premix;5) cannot be become according to the operating mode of gas turbine Change and change using the difference of fuel the air inlets of flame tube heads, therefore cannot be adjusted in wider range and maintain low dirt Optimum fuel/air needed for dye burning compares parameter;6) operating condition and when big fuel characteristic variation range, be easy to cause burning Unstable and pollutant is such as:The increase of the discharge capacitys such as CO, NOx, UCH.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of combustion chambers and its control method using variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply, with solution Certainly traditional diffusion combustion mode easy tos produce pollutant and can not adapt to the technology that multi fuel low stain stablizes burning simultaneously Problem.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of combustion chamber using variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply, packet are provided Head of combustion chamber and burner inner liner are included, head of combustion chamber is including the first fuel-air spraying system and is radially positioned at the first fuel sky The second fuel-air spraying system on the outside of gas jet system, fuel staging feed the first fuel-air spraying system and the second combustion Expect air-injection system,
First fuel-air spraying system includes the Central Fuel air inlet pipe being located at outside central point thermoelectricity nozzle, is set to fuel First order nozzle on central intake pipe, the inner swirler being set on the outside of Central Fuel air inlet pipe and second level nozzle, In, first order fuel is injected directly into burner inner liner by first order nozzle, second level fuel sprayed through second level nozzle and with Into inner swirler air premixed after burner inner liner, first order fuel and the second level entered with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection Fuel enters burner inner liner and burns for realizing first order section;
Second fuel-air spraying system includes that outer swirler, third level nozzle and the change being located on the outside of inner swirler are cut Face air inlet adjustment component, the outside in channel where variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component is set to outer swirler are simultaneously located at outer swirler Downstream, for adjusting the air inlet into outer swirler downstream, wherein third level fuel through the ejection of third level nozzle and with Into outer swirler air and from variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component enter air premixed after with fuel-lean conditions eddy flow It is injected into burner inner liner, is burnt for realizing second level section;
First fuel-air spraying system is mixed with the fuel-air that the second fuel-air spraying system ejects respectively Object carries out lean-gas premixed combustion material burning in burner inner liner parallel-two-stage section.
Further, the second fuel-air spraying system further includes fourth stage nozzle, wherein fourth stage fuel is through the fourth stage Nozzle spray and with enter outer swirler air and from variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component enter air premixed after with poor Fuel state swirl injection enters burner inner liner, burns for realizing second level section.
Further, variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component include the air inlet runner part being fixed on outside channel where outer swirler and Rotary sleeve is set to the regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring of air inlet runner part periphery, and air inlet runner part circumferentially offers multiple air admission holes, regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring upper edge Circumference offers multiple through-holes corresponding with air admission hole, wherein through-hole and air admission hole when regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring is rotated relative to air inlet runner part Degree of overlapping change to change air inlet sectional area.
Further, the area of section of through-hole is tapered along air approach axis;
Discharge area of the entrance section product of air admission hole equal to through-hole.
Further, inner swirler is identical as the eddy flow direction of outer swirler.
Further, the first fuel-air spraying system further includes the inner flow passage being set on the outside of Central Fuel air inlet pipe, Inner swirler is connected to entrance or the outlet of inner flow passage;
Second fuel-air spraying system further includes the outer flow passage being set on the outside of inner flow passage, and outer swirler is connected to outflow The entrance in road or outlet.
According to another aspect of the present invention, it also provides a kind of applied to above-mentioned use variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel confession The control method for the combustion chamber given, includes the following steps:
The air inlet sectional area of adjusting variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component is fully closed to make its air inflow be zero, the injection of the first fuel-air First order nozzle in system feeds fuel until gas turbine is completed to start;
When gas turbine reaches predetermined operating mode, the second level nozzle in the first fuel-air spraying system starts gradually to supply Enter fuel, first order nozzle, which synchronizes, gradually decreases infeed fuel so that it is poor that the first fuel-air spraying system switchs to infeed premix The air inlet sectional area of the fuel air mixture of fuel state, variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component keeps fully closed;
When gas turbine loading, adjust variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component air inlet sectional area aperture gradually increase until Standard-sized sheet, the second fuel-air spraying system feed the fuel air mixture of lean-gas premixed combustion material state to burner inner liner swirl injection.
Further, the air inlet sectional area of adjusting variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component includes:
The regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring for controlling variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component is rotated relative to air inlet runner part so that the weight of through-hole and air admission hole Folded degree changes.
Further, for single-rotor gas turbine,
When fuel exotic fuels, when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, control first order nozzle gradually subtracts Less until stopping feeding fuel, while second level nozzle starts synchronous infeed fuel and by laggard with air pre-mixing through inner swirler Enter burner inner liner, and gradually synchronizes to be increased up and substitute first order nozzle infeed fuel, in adjustment process, the fuel of second level nozzle Incrementss are synchronous with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle equal and gas turbine working status parameter is constant;
When in fuel is used, low calorie fuels, gas turbine starts supplies fuel by first order nozzle first, reaches predetermined Second level nozzle starts to feed fuel after rotating speed, and when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, control first order nozzle gradually subtracts Fuel is fed less, while second level nozzle starts synchronous increase and feeds fuel and by entering fire after inner swirler and air pre-mixing Flame cylinder, and gradually synchronize and be increased up inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel and mainly fed by second level nozzle, in adjustment process, The fuel increase amount of second level nozzle is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle and gas turbine working status parameter is constant.
Further, for split shaft gas turbine,
When fuel exotic fuels, split shaft gas turbine, which reaches, to be started after light condition to increase load, and at this time second Fuel-air spraying system starts to feed fuel, when split shaft gas turbine reaches 10%~45% load, control first order spray Mouth is progressively reduced until that stopping feeds fuel, while second level nozzle starts synchronous infeed fuel and by through inner swirler and air Enter burner inner liner after premix, and gradually synchronizes to be increased up and substitute first order nozzle infeed fuel, in adjustment process, second level spray The fuel increase amount of mouth is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle and gas turbine working status parameter is constant;
When fuel medium and low heat value fuel, after split shaft gas turbine starts and reaches desired speed, first order nozzle supplies It is remained unchanged to fuel, second level nozzle starts to feed fuel and enters burner inner liner after inner swirler and air pre-mixing until dividing Axis gas turbine reaches light condition;Then, third level nozzle starts to feed fuel, when split shaft gas turbine reaches 10%~ When 45% load, control first order nozzle gradually decreases infeed fuel, while second level nozzle starts to synchronize and gradually increases infeed Fuel and by entering burner inner liner after inner swirler and air pre-mixing, adjust until inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel mainly by Second level nozzle is fed, and in adjustment process, the fuel increase amount of second level nozzle is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle Gas turbine working status parameter is constant.
Further, under gas turbine load running operating mode, first order nozzle, second level nozzle, the are changed by control The fuel that three-level nozzle, fourth stage nozzle spray into burner inner liner feeds ratio, realizes the discharge of optimal combustion and minimum pollution object.
The present invention sprays fuel-air respectively by the first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system Mixture carries out the mode of lean-gas premixed combustion material parallel-two-stage subregion burning in burner inner liner, using lean-gas premixed combustion material Grading And Zoning While burning, fuel is fed using multistage, can better adapt to the combustion with reduced pollutants of pluralities of fuel, including low calorie fuels, Organize combustion with reduced pollutants;Wherein first-stage burning area also uses the combustion with reduced pollutants mode of lean-gas premixed combustion material, does not need expansion on duty Burning is dissipated, the discharge for reducing pollutant is more advantageous to;Second level fuel-air spraying system uses variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component Air inlet is adjusted, fuel is kept to be fired with air ratio in the broader condition range of gas turbine operation and using different characteristics In the case of material, high-efficient low polluting combustion condition is adapted to;The nozzle of classification can realize different fuel in proportion while feed, and optimize It is mixed and burned Properties Control, realizes that low stain is mixed and burned in burner inner liner.The present invention passes through multi-stage fuel supply control and sky Gas premixes, and can better adapt to multifuel firing;Advantageously reduce the discharge of pollutant;It can realize that different fuel is same in proportion When feed, optimization be mixed and burned Properties Control, in burner inner liner realize low stain be mixed and burned, according to the different works of gas turbine Condition and fuel using different characteristics adjust air mass flow by change burning chamber-head portion's air inlet sectional area in operational process, can The stability and low pollution emission performance of the burning of lean-gas premixed combustion material are kept in broader working range.
Other than objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages. Below with reference to accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
The attached drawing constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, is not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention using variable cross-section air inlet and the first embodiment of the combustion chamber of multi-stage fuel supply Figure;
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention using variable cross-section air inlet and the second embodiment of the combustion chamber of multi-stage fuel supply Figure;
Fig. 3 is structural representation of the present invention using variable cross-section air inlet and the 3rd embodiment of the combustion chamber of multi-stage fuel supply Figure;
Fig. 4 is structural representation of the present invention using variable cross-section air inlet and the fourth embodiment of the combustion chamber of multi-stage fuel supply Figure;
Fig. 5 is that variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component is along the diagrammatic cross-section of line A-A in Fig. 3, and air inlet position is in standard-sized sheet in figure Working condition;
Fig. 6 is working state schematic representation when air admission hole partially opens in variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component;
Fig. 7 is working state schematic representation when air admission hole is fully closed in variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component.
Drawing reference numeral explanation:
1, head of combustion chamber;10, ignition electric nozzle;11, Central Fuel air inlet pipe;110, first order nozzle;12, inward eddy Device;13, second level nozzle;14, outer swirler;15, third level nozzle;16, fourth stage nozzle;17, inner flow passage;18, outer flow passage; 2, burner inner liner;3, variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component;30, air inlet runner part;301, air admission hole;31, regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring;311, through-hole.
Specific implementation mode
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase Mutually combination.The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to Fig.1, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of combustion using variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply Room, including head of combustion chamber 1 and burner inner liner 2 are burnt, head of combustion chamber 1 includes the first fuel-air spraying system and is radially positioned at The second fuel-air spraying system on the outside of first fuel-air spraying system, fuel staging feed the first fuel-air injection system System and the second fuel-air spraying system.The present invention adaptation multi fuel combustion chamber in, the first fuel-air spraying system with Second fuel-air spraying system is provided with premixing function, and the first fuel-air spraying system and the injection of the second fuel-air are The two-stage parallel connection combustion zone progress lean-gas premixed combustion material combustion that the fuel air mixture ejected respectively of uniting is formed in burner inner liner 2 It burns.
Specifically, the first fuel-air spraying system includes the Central Fuel air inlet pipe being located at outside central point thermoelectricity nozzle 10 11, the first order nozzle 110 being set in Central Fuel air inlet pipe 11, the inward eddy being set on the outside of Central Fuel air inlet pipe 11 Device 12 and second level nozzle 13.
In the present embodiment, first order nozzle 110 is set on the peripheral wall of Central Fuel air inlet pipe 11, and includes circumferentially equal Multiple spray orifices of cloth form multi-point injection.First order fuel is injected directly into burner inner liner 2 by first order nozzle 110.
In the present embodiment, inner swirler 12 is axial flow cyclone.Second level nozzle 13 is located at the upstream of inner swirler 12, and Face inner swirler 12.Second level fuel is sprayed by second level nozzle 13 into the blade path of inner swirler 12, and with Into inner swirler 12 air premixed after, entered in burner inner liner 2 with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection.First order fuel with Second level fuel, which enters in the first-stage burning area of burner inner liner 2, realizes the burning of first order section.
Second fuel-air spraying system include the outer swirler 14 for being located at the outside of inner swirler 12, third level nozzle 15 with And variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3.The variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 is set to the outside in 14 place channel of outer swirler simultaneously Positioned at the downstream of the outer swirler 14, for adjusting the air inlet into 14 downstream of outer swirler.The present embodiment In, third level nozzle 15 is set on the side wall of outer swirler 14.Wherein, third level fuel by third level nozzle 15 spray into In the blade path for entering outer swirler 14, and with the air for entering outer swirler 14 and from the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 After the air of entrance is premixed, entered in burner inner liner 2 with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection, is realized in the combustion zone of the second level It burns in two level section.In the present embodiment, outer swirler 14 is also axial flow cyclone.
Further, in this embodiment the second fuel-air spraying system further includes fourth stage nozzle 16.The present embodiment In, fourth stage nozzle 16 is also disposed on the side wall of outer swirler 14.Wherein, fourth stage fuel is sprayed by fourth stage nozzle 16 Into in the blade path of outer swirler 14, and with the air for entering outer swirler 14 and from the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component After 3 air entered are premixed, is entered in burner inner liner 2 with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection, realized in the combustion zone of the second level It burns in second level section.In the present embodiment, with fuel-lean conditions after the air pre-mixing of second level fuel and entrance inner swirler 12 Enter burner inner liner 2 from 12 swirl injection of inner swirler, third and fourth grade of fuel is respectively with the air for entering outer swirler 14 and from institute With fuel-lean conditions enter flame from 14 swirl injection of outer swirler after stating the air pre-mixing of the entrance of variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 Cylinder 2.
This two groups of nozzles spray into fuel to third level nozzle 15 to 14 channel of outer swirler jointly with fourth stage nozzle 16, favorably Control is adjusted in a wider context in the flow of fuel, and ensures the premixing characteristic of fuel in more wide adjusting range (fuel and a certain range of relative velocity of air etc. are kept, so that premixing blends.The design of two groups of nozzles enhances simultaneously To the adaptability of fuel, a job can be selected or two groups of nozzles work at the same time, and fuel flow rate is adjusted according to gas turbine operating mode, Advantageously ensure that the stable regulation and premixing blending performance of fuel.In addition, this two groups of nozzles can also be supplied respectively to two kinds of fuel, It realizes that multi fuel is pre-mixed combustion with reduced pollutants, can be used for supplementing another fuel when a kind of undercharge, increase is answered Use range.
In the first fuel-air spraying system of the present invention, first order nozzle 110 can be supplied respectively to second level nozzle 13 Two different fuel realize the mixing combustion with reduced pollutants of multi fuel.The level Four fuel supply channel and nozzle of the present invention, can divide It is not passed through the fuel of homospecificity, the fuel that can also each lead into different characteristics carries out premixing combustion with reduced pollutants.Fuel is Appointing in the gaseous fuels such as natural gas, biomass gasified gas, biogas, coal bed gas, coal gas, shale gas, oil gas, rubbish landfill gas It is a kind of.
Further, first order nozzle 110, second level nozzle 13, third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 include The multiple spray orifices being uniformly distributed along the circumference.Such structure can form multi-point injection and be mixed with air, and fuel closes laggard with air pre-mixing Enter burner inner liner 2.
Further, in this embodiment inner swirler 12 is identical as the eddy flow direction of outer swirler 14, be conducive to stablize combustion It burns.
Referring to Fig.1 and Fig. 5, the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 include being fixed on outside 14 place channel of outer swirler Air inlet runner part 30 and rotary sleeve are set to the regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring 31 of 30 periphery of the air inlet runner part.The air inlet runner part 30 is circumferentially Offer multiple air admission holes 301.Multiple air admission holes 301 are uniformly distributed.Air admission hole 301 can be that circular hole can also be square hole.Institute It states and circumferentially offers multiple through-holes corresponding with the air admission hole 301 311 on regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring 31.Multiple through-holes 311 are uniformly distributed. Through-hole 311 can be that circular hole can also be square hole, and size and number are consistent with the air admission hole 301 on air inlet runner part 30.Its In, when the regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring 31 is rotated relative to the air inlet runner part 30, the degree of overlapping of the through-hole 311 and the air admission hole 301 Change to change air inlet sectional area, thus achievees the purpose that adjust charge flow rate.
Optionally, the area of section of the through-hole 311 is tapered along air approach axis.The entrance section product of through-hole 311 is big In its discharge area, the resistance to air at 311 outer ring inlet of through-hole can be reduced, ensure that air can smoothly enter into air admission hole 301 Effectively to be mixed with fuel.In other embodiments, the area of section of through-hole 311 can be kept constant, i.e., the entrance of through-hole 311 is cut Area is equal to its discharge area.Outlet of the entrance section product of the air admission hole 301 equal to or less than the through-hole 311 Product ensures that air admission hole 301 is well connected fully open with through-hole 311 when variable cross-section air inlet adjustment 3 standard-sized sheet of component, reduces to air Resistance and raising air utilization ratio.
It is essentially identical with first embodiment in the second embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 2, the difference is that:First Fuel-air spraying system further includes the inner flow passage 17 for being set to 11 outside of Central Fuel air inlet pipe, and inner swirler 12 is connected to interior The position of the close exit position of runner 17 that is, close burner inner liner 2, inner swirler 12 are axial flow cyclone, second level nozzle 13 are set to the upstream on the side wall of inner flow passage 17 and positioned at inner swirler 12.It also differ in that:Second fuel-air Spraying system further includes the outer flow passage 18 for being set to 17 outside of inner flow passage, and outer swirler 14 is connected to the entry position of outer flow passage 18 Place, outer swirler 14 are radial swirler, and third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 are set on the side wall of outer swirler 14, Air inlet runner part 30 is fixedly installed on the lateral wall of outer flow passage 18, and close to the outlet of outer flow passage 18.In the present embodiment, second Grade fuel enters burner inner liner 2 from after air pre-mixing of the inner flow passage 17 with entrance inner swirler 12 from 12 swirl injection of inner swirler, Third and fourth grade of fuel respectively with enter outer swirler 14 air and from the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 enter air Enter burner inner liner 2 from 18 swirl injection of outer flow passage after premix.
It is essentially identical with second embodiment in the third embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 3, the difference is that:Inward turning Stream device 12 is radial swirler, and inner swirler 12 is connected at the entry position of inner flow passage 17, and second level nozzle 13 is set to interior Downstream on the side wall of runner 17 and positioned at inner swirler 12.In the present embodiment, from interior stream after second level fuel and air pre-mixing 17 eddy flow of road sprays, third and fourth grade of fuel is sprayed with after air pre-mixing from 18 eddy flow of outer flow passage respectively.Certainly, second level nozzle 13 can also be set on the side wall of inner swirler 12, and third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 can also be set to outer flow passage On 18 side wall.The present invention is not limited thereto.
It is essentially identical with 3rd embodiment in the fourth embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 4, the difference is that:Outward turning Stream device 14 is axial flow cyclone, and outer swirler 14 is connected to the exit position close to outer flow passage 18, third level nozzle 15 and the Level Four nozzle 16 is set to the upstream on the side wall of outer flow passage 18 and positioned at outer swirler 14, and air inlet runner part 30 is set to outflow Downstream on the lateral wall in road 18 and positioned at the outer swirler 14.Certainly, third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 also may be used To be set on the side wall of outer swirler 14.The present invention is not limited thereto.
The combustion chamber of the adaptation multi fuel low pollution emission of the present invention, can be applied to gas turbine, can also be applied to industry Burner, such as low stain metallurgical industrial furnace, petrochemical ind furnace, boiler, environmental protection pollutant process stove, biomass can The low stain energy-saving combustion equipment of the Thermal Equipments such as renewable sources of energy application.
According to another aspect of the present invention, it additionally provides a kind of applied to above-mentioned use variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel The control method of the combustion chamber of supply, includes the following steps:
Adjust the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 air inlet sectional area it is fully closed make its air inflow be zero, the first fuel is empty First order nozzle 110 in gas jet system feeds fuel until gas turbine is completed to start;
When gas turbine reaches predetermined operating mode, the second level nozzle 13 in the first fuel-air spraying system starts gradually Fuel is fed, first order nozzle 110, which synchronizes, gradually decreases infeed fuel so that the first fuel-air spraying system switchs to feed pre- The air inlet sectional area of the fuel air mixture of mixed fuel-lean conditions, the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 keeps fully closed;This step In rapid, it is constant that fuel feeds gas turbine working status parameter in conversion process;
When gas turbine loading, the air inlet sectional area of the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 is adjusted, with gas turbine The increase aperture of load and fuel gradually increases until standard-sized sheet, the second fuel-air spraying system are revolved to the burner inner liner 2 Stream injection feeds the fuel air mixture of lean-gas premixed combustion material state.
Specifically, the air inlet sectional area for adjusting the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 includes:Control the variable cross-section The regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring 31 of air inlet adjustment component 3 is rotated relative to air inlet runner part 30 so that through-hole 311 is overlapping with the air admission hole 301 Degree changes.As shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 6 and Fig. 5.
Referring to Fig.1, for single-rotor gas turbine, multi-stage fuel supply premix and control process are specific as follows:
Single-rotor gas turbine rotating speed under the drive for starting motor first is begun to ramp up, and ignition electric nozzle 10 works, single shaft combustion First order nozzle 110 starts to spray fuel when gas-turbine reaches certain rotating speed, and penetrating fuel is gradually increased after lighting a fire successfully, uniaxial Gas turbine rotary speed gradually increases, and light condition is accomplished to until starting.
1. when exotic fuels such as fuel natural gases, when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, the first combustion of control Material air-injection system switchs to the fuel air mixture for all feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state:Control first order nozzle 110 by Decrescence less until stopping feeds fuel, while second level nozzle 13 starts synchronous infeed fuel and by through inner swirler 12 and air Enter burner inner liner 2 after premix, and gradually synchronize to be increased up and substitute 110 infeed fuel of first order nozzle, second in adjustment process Grade nozzle 13 fuel increase amount is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle 110 and gas turbine working status parameter not Become.
2. when medium and low heat value fuels such as fuel biogas, gas turbine starting is supplied by first order nozzle 110 first To fuel, second level nozzle 13 starts to feed fuel after reaching desired speed, when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, control First fuel-air spraying system switchs to the fuel air mixture for mainly feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state:Control first order nozzle 110, which are gradually reduced to reservation, feeds a small amount of fuel, while second level nozzle 13 starts synchronous increase and feeds fuel and by through inward turning Enter burner inner liner 2 after flowing device 12 and air pre-mixing, and gradually synchronize be increased up inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel mainly by Second level nozzle 13 is fed, that is, is adjusted to the infeed fuel of second level nozzle 13 and is accounted for the first fuel-air spraying system infeed fuel 50% or more ratio, the fuel decrement phase of the fuel increase amount of second level nozzle 13 and first order nozzle 110 in adjustment process Deng and gas turbine working status parameter it is constant.During this control, the fuel of first order nozzle 110 and second level nozzle 13 supplies Enter specific ratio, is determined by design according to different gas turbines and specific fuel conditions.
When single-rotor gas turbine loading, rotation regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring 31 makes the air inlet sectional area of air admission hole 301 with gas turbine Load and fuel increase and aperture gradually increases, the second fuel-air spraying system to 2 swirl injection of burner inner liner feed premix The air fuel mixed combustible gas body of fuel-lean conditions:One of third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16 feed combustion Material, and premixed with poor with the air for entering outer swirler 14 and the air entered from the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 Fuel state swirl injection enters burner inner liner 2.At this point, by the first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system The two-stage parallel connection combustion zone that the fuel air mixture ejected respectively is formed in burner inner liner 2 carries out lean-gas premixed combustion material combustion It burns.
The load of single-rotor gas turbine plus-minus is realized by adjusting the fuel infeed amount of the second fuel-air spraying system.Specifically Ground, when exotic fuels such as fuel natural gases, it is only necessary to one of third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 input work To make, plus-minus load regulation supplies the increase and decrease realization of fuel quantity by adjusting third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16, correspondingly, The air inlet sectional area aperture correspondence of adjustable air admission hole 301 increases or reduces.When medium and low heat value fuels such as fuel biogas When, plus-minus load regulation supplies the increase and decrease realization of fuel quantity by adjusting third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16.This gas supply It includes two schemes to adjust:A) while the supply fuel quantity of third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 is adjusted;B) it adjusts first One of third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16, which are first started to work, supplies fuel, when the third level devoted oneself to work first When one of them control valve opening >=95% or so of nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16, third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle It is another in 16 to start to devote oneself to work, carry out plus-minus load regulation.
When reduction is loaded to zero load from high to low, third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16 stop single-rotor gas turbine Fuel is supplied, the aperture of air admission hole 301 is gradually reduced with load and the reduction of fuel flow rate to fully closed, the only first combustion at this time Material air-injection system supplies fuel by second level nozzle 13 and realizes that the burning of lean-gas premixed combustion material (uses high heating value or middle high heating value fires When material);When using medium and low heat value fuel, first order nozzle 110 supplies fuel on a small quantity at this time, and most fuel are by the second level Nozzle 13 supplies.
Referring also to Fig. 1, for split shaft gas turbine, multi-stage fuel supply premix and control process are specific as follows:
1. when exotic fuels such as fuel natural gases, first order nozzle 110, which feeds fuel, makes split shaft gas turbine rise It is dynamic to reach light condition.When loading, by outer swirler 14 third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16 its One of feed fuel, the air inlet sectional area aperture of air admission hole 301 is made with the increase rotation regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring 31 of load and fuel flow rate Gradually increase, the air that fuel enters with the air for entering outer swirler 14 and from the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component 3 carries out Swirl injection enters burner inner liner 2 after premix.When split shaft gas turbine reaches 10%~45% or so load, the first fuel is controlled Air-injection system switchs to the fuel air mixture for all feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state:Control first order nozzle 110 gradually Reduction is until stop feeding fuel, while second level nozzle 13 starts synchronous infeed fuel and by pre- through inner swirler 12 and air Enter burner inner liner 2 after mixed, and gradually synchronizes to be increased up and substitute 110 infeed fuel of first order nozzle, the second level in adjustment process The fuel increase amount of nozzle 13 is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle 110.At this point, the first fuel-air spraying system and It is in parallel that the fuel air mixture that second fuel-air spraying system ejects respectively carries out lean-gas premixed combustion material in burner inner liner 2 Two-stage combustion.For different split shaft gas turbines, the first fuel-air spraying system of control switchs to all feed lean-gas premixed combustion The predetermined operating mode of the fuel air mixture of material state is different, some split shaft gas turbines are i.e. controllable when load reaches 10% It makes the first fuel-air spraying system and switchs to the fuel air mixture for all feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state, and in addition some divide Axis gas turbine then needs to control the first fuel-air spraying system when load reaches 45% and switchs to all feed lean-gas premixed combustions The fuel air mixture of material state.
2. when medium and low heat value fuels such as fuel biogas, first order nozzle 110 feed fuel ignition start and by Step increases fuel flow rate, and after split shaft gas turbine reaches desired speed, second level nozzle 13 starts to feed fuel and through inward eddy Enter burner inner liner 2 after device 12 and air pre-mixing until split shaft gas turbine reaches light condition.By the second fuel sky when loading Gas jet system feeds the fuel air mixture of lean-gas premixed combustion material state to burner inner liner 2:By on outer swirler 14 One of third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16 feed fuel, rotate regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring with load and the increase of fuel flow rate 31 make the air inlet sectional area aperture of air admission hole 301 gradually increase, and fuel is cut with the air for entering outer swirler 14 and from described become Enter burner inner liner 2 after the air pre-mixing that face air inlet adjustment component 3 enters.It is born when split shaft gas turbine reaches 10%~45% or so When load, the first fuel-air spraying system of control switchs to the fuel air mixture for mainly feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state:Control First order nozzle 110 is gradually reduced to reservation and feeds a small amount of fuel, while second level nozzle 13 starts to synchronize and gradually increases infeed Fuel is simultaneously increased up the combustion of the inward eddy first order by entering burner inner liner 2 after inner swirler 12 and air pre-mixing, and gradually synchronizing It burns area's fuel mainly to be fed by second level nozzle 13, that is, is adjusted to the infeed fuel of second level nozzle 13 and accounts for the injection of the first fuel-air System feeds 50% or more the ratio of fuel, the fuel increase amount of second level nozzle 13 and first order nozzle 110 in adjustment process Fuel decrement it is equal and gas turbine working status parameter is constant.At this point, by the first fuel-air spraying system and second The fuel air mixture that fuel-air spraying system ejects respectively carries out lean-gas premixed combustion material parallel-two-stage in burner inner liner 2 Burning.During this control, the fuel of first order nozzle 110 and second level nozzle 13 feeds specific ratio, according to different combustion gas Turbine and specific fuel conditions are determined by design.
Similarly with single-rotor gas turbine, the plus-minus load regulation of split shaft gas turbine is also empty by adjusting the second fuel The fuel infeed amount of gas jet system realizes that correspondingly, the air inlet sectional area aperture of adjustable air admission hole 301, which corresponds to, to be increased or subtract It is small.Split shaft gas turbine third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16 when reduction is loaded to 10%~45% from high to low stop Fuel is supplied, only the first fuel-air spraying system supplies fuel by second level nozzle 13 and realizes the combustion of lean-gas premixed combustion material at this time It burns.
Further, first order nozzle 110, second level nozzle 13, third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 are only respectively Vertical, nozzles infeed fuel at different levels are identical or differ, and under gas turbine load running operating mode, pass through control and change first order spray The fuel that mouth 110, second level nozzle 13, third level nozzle 15, fourth stage nozzle 16 spray into burner inner liner 2 feeds ratio, realizes most Excellent burning and the discharge of minimum pollution object.Fuel is natural gas, biomass gasified gas, rubbish landfill gas, biogas, coal bed gas, coal Any one of gaseous fuels such as gas, shale gas, oil gas.Exotic fuels of the present invention refer to that low heat valve is higher Fuel, it is on the contrary then be low calorie fuels.By taking natural gas as an example, natural gas category exotic fuels, the standard low level fever of natural gas Amount is 8500kcal/NM3, the low heat valve of other middle combustion value fuels is probably in half of natural gas or so.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) while using lean-gas premixed combustion material fractional combustion, fuel is fed using multistage and subregion burning, and burner inner liner Chamber-head portion uses air inlet flow-rate adjustment, can better adapt to multifuel firing, including low calorie fuels, organizes low stain Burning;
2) corresponding first fuel-air spraying system, fuel and air source are in inner flow passage 17 (or inner swirler 12), the First order jet nozzle 110 and second level nozzle 13, fuel directly sprayed using first order fuel, second level fuel sprays into inner flow passage 17 or The two-step way that inner swirler 12 carries out poor fuel premix feeds burner inner liner 2, for the different operating modes of gas turbine and use Different fuel, feed ratio by adjusting corresponding two-stage fuel in the first fuel-air spraying system, can stablize realizing The discharge that pollutant is further decreased while burning, compared with existing similar technique, combustion stability is more preferable, environmental-protecting performance more It is excellent;The first fuel-air spraying system of the present invention uses the low stain mode of lean-gas premixed combustion material, can be enterprising on existing basis One step reduces the discharge of pollutant;
3) it is adjustable to whole lean-gas premixed combustion material when the stable operation of gas turbine bringing onto load to feed, does not need diffusion combustion on duty It burns, is more advantageous to the discharge for reducing pollutant;
4) the air inlet amount that head of combustion chamber can be controlled to adjust according to gas turbine operating mode and fuel characteristic situation, Compared in wide working range so that fuel/air ratio can be maintained at optimization design section;
5) combustion with reduced pollutants can be realized in wider condition range, stable combustion with reduced pollutants adjustable range is big, poor fuel boundary It is wider to stablize combustion range, prevents the performance of spontaneous combustion, tempering and hugging stronger;
6) corresponding second fuel-air spraying system, fuel is with air source in outer flow passage 18 (or outer swirler 14), combustion Material is fed using 16 points of two-stages of third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle, and lean combustion is carried out in outer flow passage 18 or outer swirler 14 Enter burner inner liner 2 after material premix, the confession of two-stage fuel is adjusted according to the different operating modes of gas turbine and the different fuel used Enter amount, and adjust the inlet of air by variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component, is suitable for the tune of wider range different characteristics fuel Section;
7) can realize different fuel in proportion while feed, feed ratio can electrodeless adjustment, optimization be mixed and burned performance control System realizes that low stain is mixed and burned in burner inner liner 2.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any made by repair Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of combustion chamber using variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply, including head of combustion chamber (1) and burner inner liner (2), It is characterized in that, the head of combustion chamber (1) includes the first fuel-air spraying system and is radially positioned at first fuel The second fuel-air spraying system on the outside of air-injection system, fuel staging feed the first fuel-air spraying system and The second fuel-air spraying system,
The first fuel-air spraying system includes being located at the outer Central Fuel air inlet pipe (11) of central point thermoelectricity nozzle (10), setting The first order nozzle (110) that is placed on the Central Fuel air inlet pipe (11) is set to the Central Fuel air inlet pipe (11) outside The inner swirler (12) and second level nozzle (13) of side, wherein first order fuel is straight by the first order nozzle (110) Connect and be injected into the burner inner liner (2), second level fuel sprayed through the second level nozzle (13) and with enter the inward eddy The air of device (12) premixed after with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection enter the burner inner liner (2), first order fuel and second Grade fuel enters burner inner liner (2) and burns for realizing first order section;
The second fuel-air spraying system include be located at the inner swirler (12) on the outside of outer swirler (14), the third level Nozzle (15) and variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3), the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3) are set to outer swirler (14) The outside in place channel and the downstream for being located at the outer swirler (14), for adjusting into the outer swirler (14) downstream Air inlet, wherein third level fuel spray through the third level nozzle (15) and with enter the outer swirler (14) Air and the air entered from the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3) are entered after being premixed with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection The burner inner liner (2) is burnt for realizing second level section;
The fuel-air that the first fuel-air spraying system ejects respectively with the second fuel-air spraying system Mixture carries out lean-gas premixed combustion material burning in the burner inner liner (2) parallel-two-stage section.
2. combustion chamber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The second fuel-air spraying system further includes fourth stage nozzle (16), wherein fourth stage fuel is through the fourth stage Nozzle (16) spray and with enter the outer swirler (14) air and from the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3) enter Air premixed after with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection enter the burner inner liner (2), for realizing second level section burn.
3. the combustion chamber according to claim 1 for adapting to multi fuel, which is characterized in that
The variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3) includes the air inlet runner part (30) outside channel where being fixed on outer swirler (14) The regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring (31) of air inlet runner part (30) periphery is set to rotary sleeve, the air inlet runner part (30) circumferentially offers Multiple air admission holes (301) circumferentially offer multiple through-holes corresponding with the air admission hole (301) on the regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring (31) (311), wherein the regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring (31) through-hole (311) and air inlet when being rotated relative to the air inlet runner part (30) The degree of overlapping in hole (301) changes to change air inlet sectional area.
4. combustion chamber according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
The area of section of the through-hole (311) is tapered along air approach axis;
Discharge area of the entrance section product of the air admission hole (301) equal to the through-hole (311).
5. the combustion chamber according to claim 1 for adapting to multi fuel, which is characterized in that
The inner swirler (12) is identical as the eddy flow direction of the outer swirler (14).
6. combustion chamber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The first fuel-air spraying system further includes the inner flow passage being set on the outside of the Central Fuel air inlet pipe (11) (17), the inner swirler (12) is connected to entrance or the outlet of the inner flow passage (17);
The second fuel-air spraying system further includes the outer flow passage (18) being set on the outside of the inner flow passage (17), described outer Cyclone (14) is connected to entrance or the outlet of the outer flow passage (18).
7. a kind of applied to any combustion chamber using variable cross-section air inlet and multi-stage fuel supply in claim 1 to 6 Control method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Adjust the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3) air inlet sectional area it is fully closed make its air inflow be zero, first fuel The first order nozzle (110) in air-injection system feeds fuel until gas turbine is completed to start;
When gas turbine reaches predetermined operating mode, the second level nozzle (13) in the first fuel-air spraying system is opened Begin gradually to feed fuel, the first order nozzle (110), which synchronizes, gradually decreases infeed fuel so that the first fuel-air spray The system of penetrating switchs to the fuel air mixture for feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state, the air inlet of the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3) Sectional area keeps fully closed;
When gas turbine loading, the air inlet sectional area aperture for adjusting the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3) gradually increases Until standard-sized sheet, the second fuel-air spraying system feeds lean-gas premixed combustion material state to the burner inner liner (2) swirl injection Fuel air mixture.
8. control method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described to adjust the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3) air inlet sectional area includes:
The regulating the qi flowing in the channels ring (31) for controlling the variable cross-section air inlet adjustment component (3) is rotated relative to air inlet runner part (30) so that through-hole (311) change with the degree of overlapping of air admission hole (301).
9. control method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that for single-rotor gas turbine,
When fuel exotic fuels, when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, control first order nozzle (110) gradually subtracts Less until stopping feeding fuel, while second level nozzle (13) starts synchronous infeed fuel and by through inner swirler (12) and air Enter burner inner liner (2) after premix, and gradually synchronizes to be increased up and substitute first order nozzle (110) infeed fuel, in adjustment process, The fuel increase amount of second level nozzle (13) is synchronous equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle (110) and gas turbine works State parameter is constant;
When in fuel is used, low calorie fuels, gas turbine starts supplies fuel by first order nozzle (110) first, reaches pre- Second level nozzle (13) starts to feed fuel after determining rotating speed, when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, controls first order nozzle (110) infeed fuel is gradually decreased, while second level nozzle (13) starts synchronous increase and feeds fuel and by through inner swirler (12) with air pre-mixing after enter burner inner liner (2), and gradually synchronize be increased up inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel mainly by Second level nozzle (13) is fed, in adjustment process, the combustion of the fuel increase amount and first order nozzle (110) of second level nozzle (13) Expect that decrement is equal and gas turbine working status parameter is constant.
10. control method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that for split shaft gas turbine,
When fuel exotic fuels, split shaft gas turbine starts to increase load after reaching light condition, at this time the second fuel Air-injection system starts to feed fuel, when split shaft gas turbine reaches 10%~45% load, controls first order nozzle (110) it is progressively reduced until that stopping feeds fuel, while second level nozzle (13) starts synchronous infeed fuel and by through inward eddy Enter burner inner liner (2) after device (12) and air pre-mixing, and gradually synchronizes to be increased up to substitute first order nozzle (110) and feed and fire Expect, in adjustment process, the fuel increase amount of second level nozzle (13) is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle (110) and fires Gas-turbine working status parameter is constant;
When in fuel is used, low calorie fuels, after split shaft gas turbine starts and reaches desired speed, first order nozzle (110) Supply fuel remains unchanged, and second level nozzle (13) starts to feed fuel and enters fire after inner swirler (12) and air pre-mixing Flame cylinder (2) is until split shaft gas turbine reaches light condition;Then, third level nozzle (15) starts to feed fuel, when split axle fires When gas-turbine reaches 10%~45% load, control first order nozzle (110) gradually decreases infeed fuel, while second level nozzle (13) start to synchronize to gradually increase and feed fuel and by entering burner inner liner (2) after inner swirler (12) and air pre-mixing, adjust Until inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel is mainly fed by second level nozzle (13), and in adjustment process, second level nozzle (13) Fuel increase amount gas turbine working status parameter equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle (110) it is constant.
11. control method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
Under gas turbine load running operating mode, first order nozzle (110), second level nozzle (13), the third level are changed by control The fuel infeed ratio of nozzle (15), fourth stage nozzle (16) penetrating burner inner liner (2), realization optimal combustion and minimum pollution object Discharge.
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