CN108332234A - It adapts to the combustion chamber of multi fuel and multi-stage fuel supply premixes and control method - Google Patents
It adapts to the combustion chamber of multi fuel and multi-stage fuel supply premixes and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108332234A CN108332234A CN201810067501.XA CN201810067501A CN108332234A CN 108332234 A CN108332234 A CN 108332234A CN 201810067501 A CN201810067501 A CN 201810067501A CN 108332234 A CN108332234 A CN 108332234A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/36—Supply of different fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/38—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of combustion chamber adapting to multi fuel and multi-stage fuel supply premix and control methods, the low pollution combustor includes head of combustion chamber and burner inner liner, head of combustion chamber includes the first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system for being radially positioned on the outside of the first fuel-air spraying system, and the first fuel-air spraying system includes the Central Fuel air inlet pipe being located at outside central point thermoelectricity nozzle, the first order nozzle being set in Central Fuel air inlet pipe, the inner swirler being set on the outside of Central Fuel air inlet pipe and second level nozzle；Second fuel-air spraying system includes the outer swirler and third level nozzle being located on the outside of inner swirler；The fuel air mixture that first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system eject respectively carries out the burning of lean-gas premixed combustion material parallel-two-stage in burner inner liner.The present invention can better adapt to multifuel firing, advantageously reduce the discharge of pollutant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to combustion with reduced pollutants fields, particularly, be related to it is a kind of adapt to multi fuel combustion chamber and multi-stage fuel
Supply premix and control method.
Background technology
Ground gas turbine is widely used in power plant, dynamic power machine, distributed energy supply, biogas and other fuel gas
Energy source use etc. and people live closely related occasion, and countries in the world are to NOX, the emission request of CO, UHC etc. it is more and more tighter
Lattice promote low pollution combustor technology to be continuously available development.Major well-known Engine Company of the world is in order to seize market and full
The increasingly stringent emission standard of foot is on the one hand to improve product on the market all in further investigation low pollution technique
Competitiveness, be on the other hand also to carry out technological reserve for demand of the future market to low emission gas turbine.Ground gas wheel
Machine foreign countries have carried out that NO can be controlled on the basis of many experimentsXThe low stain combustion for controlling other pollutant emissions can be taken into account again
Burning technology is tackled key problems, and the DLE combustion technologies applied at present mainly have fractional combustion, poor fuel premix and pre-evaporation burn (LPP), is fuel-rich
Material/quenching/fuel-lean combustion (RQL) and catalysis burning etc..
Aero-engine changes ground gas turbine or the ripe core technology development ground gas wheel using aero-engine
Machine is the common method of world industry developed country, and China has nearly 40 in terms of aero-engine changes ground gas turbine
The history in year, has accumulated many experiences, but also very backward in terms of low pollution emission technical research with practical application, ground gas
Turbine relies primarily on import or domestic assembling production at present.With the raising that country requires discharge standard, some sections in China
It grinds institutes, university etc. and has carried out combustion with reduced pollutants technical research in succession；But it for the alternative fuel under energy-saving and emission-reduction background, can fit
Biogas and the middle-size and small-size of multi fuel, miniature gas turbine low pollution combustor design key technology is answered to be weighed not yet in China
Quantum jump, there is also very big gaps with developed country's ratio.
Domestic and international gas turbine and industrial burner combustion with reduced pollutants, using the master of existing premixing fuel-lean combustion scheme
Want disadvantage as follows：1) pluralities of fuel cannot be adapted to simultaneously, such as biogas and natural gas；2) it is directed to the combustion of different characteristics and calorific value
Material needs to change fuel nozzle or flame tube head；3) prior art is the stabilization for ensureing to burn in ignition start and operational process
Property and the variation of gas turbine operating mode do not stop working, nozzle on duty need to be generally set, nozzle on duty uses traditional diffusion combustion mode,
It is also easy to produce a certain amount of pollutant emission；4) it is small to stablize burning adjustable range for premix.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of combustion chamber adapting to multi fuel and multi-stage fuel supply premix and control methods, to solve
Traditional diffusion combustion mode easy tos produce pollutant and can not adapt to the technology that multi fuel low stain stabilization is burnt simultaneously and asks
Topic.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
On the one hand, special the present invention provides a kind of combustion chamber adapting to multi fuel, including head of combustion chamber and burner inner liner
Sign is that head of combustion chamber includes the first fuel-air spraying system and is radially positioned on the outside of the first fuel-air spraying system
The second fuel-air spraying system, fuel staging feed the first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air injection system
System, the first fuel-air spraying system include the Central Fuel air inlet pipe being located at outside central point thermoelectricity nozzle, are set to Central Fuel
First order nozzle in air inlet pipe, the inner swirler being set on the outside of Central Fuel air inlet pipe and second level nozzle, wherein
First order fuel is injected directly into burner inner liner by first order nozzle, second level fuel sprayed through second level nozzle and with entrance
The air of inner swirler with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection enters burner inner liner after being premixed, first order fuel and second level fuel
Into burner inner liner for realizing first-stage burning；Second fuel-air spraying system includes the contour stealth being located on the outside of inner swirler
Device and third level nozzle, wherein third level fuel is sprayed through third level nozzle and carried out with the air for entering outer swirler pre-
Burner inner liner is entered with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection after mixed, is burnt for realizing the second level；First fuel-air spraying system with
It is in parallel that the fuel air mixture that second fuel-air spraying system ejects respectively carries out lean-gas premixed combustion material in burner inner liner
Two-stage combustion.
Further, the second fuel-air spraying system further includes fourth stage nozzle, wherein fourth stage fuel is through the fourth stage
Nozzle sprays and with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection enters burner inner liner after being premixed with the air for entering outer swirler, for real
Existing second level burning.
Further, first order nozzle, second level nozzle, third level nozzle and fourth stage nozzle include being uniformly distributed along the circumference
Multiple spray orifices.
Further, inner swirler is identical as the eddy flow direction of outer swirler.
Further, inner swirler be axial flow cyclone either radial swirler outer swirler be axial flow cyclone or
Radial swirler.
Further, the first fuel-air spraying system further includes the inner flow passage being set on the outside of Central Fuel air inlet pipe,
Inner swirler is connected to entrance or the outlet of inner flow passage；Second fuel-air spraying system further includes being set on the outside of inner flow passage
Outer flow passage, outer swirler is connected to entrance or the outlet of outer flow passage.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of multistage that the combustion chamber to above-mentioned adaptation multi fuel carries out is additionally provided
Fuel supply premix and control method, include the following steps：
First order nozzle in first fuel-air spraying system feeds fuel until gas turbine is completed to start；
When gas turbine reaches predetermined operating mode, the second level nozzle in the first fuel-air spraying system starts gradually to supply
Enter fuel, first order nozzle, which synchronizes, gradually decreases infeed fuel so that it is poor that the first fuel-air spraying system switchs to infeed premix
The fuel air mixture of fuel state；
When gas turbine loading, the second fuel-air spraying system feeds lean-gas premixed combustion material to burner inner liner swirl injection
The fuel air mixture of state.
As the one of which embodiment of said program, for single-rotor gas turbine, when fuel exotic fuels,
When single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, control first order nozzle is progressively reduced until that stopping feeds fuel, while the second level
Nozzle starts synchronous infeed fuel and by entering burner inner liner after inner swirler and air pre-mixing, and gradually synchronizes to be increased up and replace
Fuel is fed for first order nozzle, the fuel decrement of the fuel increase amount and first order nozzle of second level nozzle in adjustment process
Equal and gas turbine working status parameter is constant；When fuel medium and low heat value fuel, gas turbine starts first by first
Grade nozzle supplies fuel, and second level nozzle starts to feed fuel after reaching desired speed, and single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition
When, control first order nozzle gradually decreases infeed fuel, while second level nozzle starts synchronous increase and feeds fuel and by warp
Enter burner inner liner after cyclone and air pre-mixing, and gradually synchronizes and be increased up inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel mainly by the
Secondary nozzle is fed, and the fuel increase amount of second level nozzle is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle in adjustment process and fires
Gas-turbine working status parameter is constant.
As the another embodiment of said program, for split shaft gas turbine, when fuel exotic fuels, point
Axis gas turbine, which reaches, to be started to increase load after light condition the second fuel-air spraying system starts to feed fuel at this time, when point
When axis gas turbine reaches 10%~45% load, control first order nozzle, which is progressively reduced until, stops feeding fuel, while the
Secondary nozzle starts synchronous infeed fuel and by entering burner inner liner after inner swirler and air pre-mixing, and gradually synchronizes and increase directly
To replacement first order nozzle infeed fuel, the fuel of the fuel increase amount and first order nozzle of second level nozzle subtracts in adjustment process
A small amount of equal and gas turbine working status parameter is constant；When fuel medium and low heat value fuel, split shaft gas turbine starts simultaneously
Reach first order nozzle supply fuel after desired speed to remain unchanged, second level nozzle start to feed fuel and through inner swirler with
Enter burner inner liner after air pre-mixing until split shaft gas turbine reaches light condition；Subsequent third level nozzle starts to feed fuel,
When split shaft gas turbine reaches 10%~45% load, control first order nozzle gradually decreases infeed fuel, while the second level
Nozzle, which starts to synchronize to gradually increase, to be fed fuel and by entering burner inner liner after inner swirler and air pre-mixing, adjusts until inward turning
Stream first-stage burning area fuel is mainly fed by second level nozzle, the fuel increase amount of second level nozzle and first in adjustment process
The equal gas turbine working status parameter of fuel decrement of grade nozzle is constant.
Further, first order nozzle, second level nozzle, third level nozzle and fourth stage nozzle independently, sprays at different levels
Mouth infeed fuel is identical or differs；Fuel is natural gas, biomass gasified gas, biogas, coal bed gas, coal gas, shale gas, stone
Any one of oil gas, rubbish landfill gas.
The present invention sprays fuel-air respectively by the first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system
Mixture carries out the mode of lean-gas premixed combustion material parallel-two-stage burning in burner inner liner, using the same of lean-gas premixed combustion material fractional combustion
When, fuel is fed using multistage, can better adapt to multifuel firing, including low calorie fuels, organizes combustion with reduced pollutants；Its
In the first combustion stage also use lean-gas premixed combustion material combustion with reduced pollutants mode, do not need diffusion combustion on duty, be more advantageous to reduction
The discharge of pollutant；The nozzle of classification can realize different fuel in proportion while feed that optimization is mixed and burned Properties Control, in fire
Realize that low stain is mixed and burned in flame cylinder.The present invention supplies control and air pre-mixing by multi-stage fuel, can better adapt to more
Kind fuel combustion；Advantageously reduce the discharge of pollutant；It can realize different fuel in proportion while feed, optimization mixed firinor fuel burning property
It can control, realize that low stain is mixed and burned in burner inner liner.
Other than objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages.
Below with reference to accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
The attached drawing constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, is not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment for the combustion chamber that the present invention adapts to multi fuel；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment for the combustion chamber that the present invention adapts to multi fuel；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the 3rd embodiment for the combustion chamber that the present invention adapts to multi fuel；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment for the combustion chamber that the present invention adapts to multi fuel.
Drawing reference numeral explanation：
1, head of combustion chamber；10, ignition electric nozzle；11, Central Fuel air inlet pipe；110, first order nozzle；12, inward eddy
Device；13, second level nozzle；14, outer swirler；15, third level nozzle；16, fourth stage nozzle；17, inner flow passage；18, outer flow passage；
2, burner inner liner.
Specific implementation mode
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to Fig.1, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of combustion chamber adapting to multi fuel, including head of combustion chamber
1 and burner inner liner 2, head of combustion chamber 1 includes the first fuel-air spraying system and is radially positioned at the first fuel-air injection system
The second fuel-air spraying system on the outside of uniting, fuel staging feed the first fuel-air spraying system and the spray of the second fuel-air
Penetrate system.In the combustion chamber of the adaptation multi fuel of the present invention, the first fuel-air spraying system and the injection of the second fuel-air are
System is provided with premixing function, the combustion that the first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system eject respectively
Material air mixture carries out the burning of lean-gas premixed combustion material parallel-two-stage in burner inner liner 2.
Specifically, the first fuel-air spraying system includes the Central Fuel air inlet pipe being located at outside central point thermoelectricity nozzle 10
11, the first order nozzle 110 being set in Central Fuel air inlet pipe 11, the inward eddy being set on the outside of Central Fuel air inlet pipe 11
Device 12 and second level nozzle 13.
In the present embodiment, first order nozzle 110 is set on the peripheral wall of Central Fuel air inlet pipe 11, and includes circumferentially equal
Multiple spray orifices of cloth form multi-point injection.First order fuel is injected directly into burner inner liner 2 by first order nozzle 110.
In the present embodiment, inner swirler 12 is axial flow cyclone.Second level nozzle 13 is located at the upstream of inner swirler 12, and
Face inner swirler 12.Second level fuel is sprayed by second level nozzle 13 into the blade path of inner swirler 12, and with
Into inner swirler 12 air premixed after, entered in burner inner liner 2 with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection.First order fuel with
Second level fuel, which enters in the first-stage burning area of burner inner liner 2, realizes first-stage burning.
Second fuel-air spraying system includes outer swirler 14, the third level nozzle 15 for being located at 12 outside of inner swirler.
In the present embodiment, third level nozzle 15 is set on the side wall of outer swirler 14.Wherein, third level fuel passes through third level nozzle
15 spray into outer swirler 14 blade path in, and with enter outer swirler 14 air premixed after, with poor fuel
State swirl injection enters in burner inner liner 2, and second level burning is realized in the combustion zone of the second level.In the present embodiment, outer swirler
14 be also axial flow cyclone.
Further, in this embodiment the second fuel-air spraying system further includes fourth stage nozzle 16.The present embodiment
In, fourth stage nozzle 16 is also disposed on the side wall of outer swirler 14.Wherein, fourth stage fuel is sprayed by fourth stage nozzle 16
Into in the blade path of outer swirler 14, and with enter outer swirler 14 air premixed after, revolved with fuel-lean conditions
Stream is injected into burner inner liner 2, and second level burning is realized in the combustion zone of the second level.In the present embodiment, second level fuel with into
Enter and enters burner inner liner 2 from 12 swirl injection of inner swirler with fuel-lean conditions after the air pre-mixing of inner swirler 12, third and fourth grade
Fuel enters flame with fuel-lean conditions with after the air pre-mixing of entrance outer swirler 14 from 14 swirl injection of outer swirler respectively
Cylinder 2.
This two groups of nozzles spray into fuel to third level nozzle 15 to 14 channel of outer swirler jointly with fourth stage nozzle 16, favorably
Control is adjusted in a wider context in the flow of fuel, and ensures the premixing characteristic of fuel in more wide adjusting range
(fuel and a certain range of relative velocity of air etc. are kept, so that premixing blends.The design of two groups of nozzles enhances simultaneously
To the adaptability of fuel, a job can be selected or two groups of nozzles work at the same time, and fuel flow rate is adjusted according to gas turbine operating mode,
Advantageously ensure that the stable regulation and premixing blending performance of fuel.In addition, this two groups of nozzles can also be supplied respectively to two kinds of fuel,
It realizes that multi fuel is pre-mixed combustion with reduced pollutants, can be used for supplementing another fuel when a kind of undercharge, increase is answered
Use range.
In the first fuel-air spraying system of the present invention, first order nozzle 110 can be supplied respectively to second level nozzle 13
Two different fuel realize the mixing combustion with reduced pollutants of multi fuel.The level Four fuel supply channel and nozzle of the present invention, can divide
It is not passed through the fuel of homospecificity, the fuel that can also each lead into different characteristics carries out premixing combustion with reduced pollutants.Fuel is
Appointing in the gaseous fuels such as natural gas, biomass gasified gas, biogas, coal bed gas, coal gas, shale gas, oil gas, rubbish landfill gas
It is a kind of.
Further, first order nozzle 110, second level nozzle 13, third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 include
The multiple spray orifices being uniformly distributed along the circumference.Such structure can form multi-point injection and be mixed with air, and fuel closes laggard with air pre-mixing
Enter burner inner liner 2.
Further, in this embodiment inner swirler 12 is identical as the eddy flow direction of outer swirler 14, swirl strength increases
By force, be conducive to stablize burning.
It is essentially identical with first embodiment in the second embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 2, the difference is that：First
Fuel-air spraying system further includes the inner flow passage 17 for being set to 11 outside of Central Fuel air inlet pipe, and inner swirler 12 is connected to interior
The position of the exit position of runner 17 that is, close burner inner liner 2, inner swirler 12 are axial flow cyclone, and second level nozzle 13 is set
It is placed in the upstream on the side wall of inner flow passage 17 and positioned at inner swirler 12.It also differ in that：Second fuel-air sprays
System further includes being set to the outer flow passage 18 in 17 outside of inner flow passage, and outer swirler 14 is connected at the entry position of outer flow passage 18,
Outer swirler 14 is radial swirler, and third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 are set on the side wall of outer swirler 14.This
In embodiment, from 12 swirl injection of inner swirler after air pre-mixing of the second level fuel from inner flow passage 17 and into inner swirler 12
Into burner inner liner 2, third and fourth grade of fuel respectively with enter outer swirler 14 air pre-mixing after from 18 swirl injection of outer flow passage into
Enter burner inner liner 2.
It is essentially identical with second embodiment in the third embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 3, the difference is that：Inward turning
Stream device 12 is radial swirler, and inner swirler 12 is connected at the entry position of inner flow passage 17, and second level nozzle 13 is set to interior
Downstream on the side wall of runner 17 and positioned at inner swirler 12.In the present embodiment, from interior stream after second level fuel and air pre-mixing
17 eddy flow of road sprays, third and fourth grade of fuel is sprayed with after air pre-mixing from 18 eddy flow of outer flow passage respectively.Certainly, second level nozzle
13 can also be set on the side wall of inner swirler 12, and third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 can also be set to outer flow passage
On 18 side wall.The present invention is not limited thereto.
It is essentially identical with 3rd embodiment in the fourth embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 4, the difference is that：Outward turning
Stream device 14 is axial flow cyclone, and outer swirler 14 is connected to the exit position of outer flow passage 18, third level nozzle 15 and the fourth stage
Nozzle 16 is set to the upstream on the side wall of outer flow passage 18 and positioned at outer swirler 14.Certainly, third level nozzle 15 and the fourth stage
Nozzle 16 can also be set on the side wall of outer swirler 14.The present invention is not limited thereto.
The combustion chamber of the adaptation multi fuel of the present invention, can be applied to gas turbine, can also be applied to industrial burner, such as
Low stain metallurgical industrial furnace, petrochemical ind furnace, boiler, environmental protection pollutant process stove, biomass regenerative resource are answered
With etc. Thermal Equipments low stain energy-saving combustion equipment.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of multistage that the combustion chamber to above-mentioned adaptation multi fuel carries out is additionally provided
Fuel supply premix and control method, include the following steps：
First order nozzle 110 in first fuel-air spraying system feeds fuel until gas turbine is completed to start；
When gas turbine reaches predetermined operating mode, the second level nozzle 13 in the first fuel-air spraying system starts gradually
Fuel is fed, first order nozzle 110, which synchronizes, gradually decreases infeed fuel so that the first fuel-air spraying system switchs to feed pre-
The fuel air mixture of mixed fuel-lean conditions；In this step, fuel feeds gas turbine working status parameter in conversion process
It is constant；
When gas turbine loading, the second fuel-air spraying system is fed to 2 swirl injection of the burner inner liner
The fuel air mixture of lean-gas premixed combustion material state.
Referring to Fig.1, for single-rotor gas turbine, multi-stage fuel supply premix and control process are specific as follows：
Single-rotor gas turbine rotating speed under the drive for starting motor first is begun to ramp up, and ignition electric nozzle 10 works, single shaft combustion
First order nozzle 110 starts to spray fuel when gas-turbine reaches certain rotating speed, and penetrating fuel is gradually increased after lighting a fire successfully, uniaxial
Gas turbine rotary speed gradually increases, and light condition is accomplished to until starting.
1. when exotic fuels such as fuel natural gases, when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, the first combustion of control
Material air-injection system switchs to the fuel air mixture for all feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state：Control first order nozzle 110 by
Decrescence less until stopping feeds fuel, while second level nozzle 13 starts synchronous infeed fuel and by through inner swirler 12 and air
Enter burner inner liner 2 after premix, and gradually synchronize to be increased up and substitute 110 infeed fuel of first order nozzle, second in adjustment process
Grade nozzle 13 fuel increase amount is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle 110 and gas turbine working status parameter not
Become.
2. when medium and low heat value fuels such as fuel biogas, gas turbine starting is supplied by first order nozzle 110 first
To fuel, second level nozzle 13 starts to feed fuel after reaching desired speed, when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, control
First fuel-air spraying system switchs to the fuel air mixture for mainly feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state：Control first order nozzle
110, which are gradually reduced to reservation, feeds a small amount of fuel, while second level nozzle 13 starts synchronous increase and feeds fuel and by through inward turning
Enter burner inner liner 2 after flowing device 12 and air pre-mixing, and gradually synchronize be increased up inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel mainly by
Second level nozzle 13 is fed, that is, is adjusted to the infeed fuel of second level nozzle 13 and is accounted for the first fuel-air spraying system infeed fuel
50% or more ratio, the fuel decrement phase of the fuel increase amount of second level nozzle 13 and first order nozzle 110 in adjustment process
Deng and gas turbine working status parameter it is constant.During this control, the fuel of first order nozzle 110 and second level nozzle 13 supplies
Enter specific ratio, is determined by design according to different gas turbines and specific fuel conditions.
When single-rotor gas turbine loading, the second fuel-air spraying system feeds to 2 swirl injection of burner inner liner and premixes
The air fuel mixed combustible gas body of fuel-lean conditions：One of third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16 feed combustion
Material, and premixed with the air for entering outer swirler 14 and burner inner liner 2 is entered with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection.At this point, by
The fuel air mixture that one fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system eject respectively is in burner inner liner 2
Middle progress lean-gas premixed combustion material parallel-two-stage burning.
The load of single-rotor gas turbine plus-minus is realized by adjusting the fuel infeed amount of the second fuel-air spraying system.Specifically
Ground, when exotic fuels such as fuel natural gases, it is only necessary to one of third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 input work
Make, plus-minus load regulation supplies the increase and decrease realization of fuel quantity by adjusting third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16.Work as fuel
When with medium and low heat value fuels such as biogas, plus-minus load regulation is supplied by adjusting third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16
The increase and decrease of fuel quantity is realized.It includes two schemes that this gas supply, which is adjusted,：A) while third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 being adjusted
Supply fuel quantity；B) one of third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 are adjusted first and first starts to work to supply fire
Material, when the third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 devoted oneself to work first control valve opening >=95% or so of one of them
When, it is another in third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 to start to devote oneself to work, carry out plus-minus load regulation.
When reduction is loaded to zero load from high to low, third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16 stop single-rotor gas turbine
Fuel is supplied, only the first fuel-air spraying system supplies fuel by second level nozzle 13 and realizes the burning of lean-gas premixed combustion material at this time
(when using high heating value or middle exotic fuels)；When using medium and low heat value fuel, the supply combustion on a small quantity of first order nozzle 110 at this time
Material, most fuel are supplied by second level nozzle 13.
Referring also to Fig. 1, for split shaft gas turbine, multi-stage fuel supply premix and control process are specific as follows：
1. when exotic fuels such as fuel natural gases, first order nozzle 110, which feeds fuel, makes split shaft gas turbine rise
It is dynamic to reach light condition.When loading, by outer swirler 14 third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16 its
One of feed fuel, and with enter outer swirler 14 air premixed after swirl injection enter burner inner liner 2.When split axle fires
When gas-turbine reaches 10%~45% or so load, the first fuel-air spraying system of control switchs to all feed lean-gas premixed combustion material
The fuel air mixture of state：Control first order nozzle 110 is progressively reduced until that stopping feeds fuel, while second level nozzle
13 start it is synchronous feed fuel and by entering burner inner liner 2 after inner swirler 12 and air pre-mixing, and gradually synchronize and be increased up
It substitutes first order nozzle 110 and feeds fuel, the fuel increase amount and first order nozzle 110 of second level nozzle 13 in adjustment process
Fuel decrement is equal.At this point, what the first fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system ejected respectively
Fuel air mixture carries out the burning of lean-gas premixed combustion material parallel-two-stage in burner inner liner 2.For different split shaft gas turbines, control
It makes the first fuel-air spraying system and switchs to the predetermined operating mode of all fuel air mixtures of infeed lean-gas premixed combustion material state not
Equally, some split shaft gas turbines i.e. controllable first fuel-air spraying system when load reaches 10% switchs to whole infeeds
The fuel air mixture of lean-gas premixed combustion material state, and in addition some split shaft gas turbines then need to reach 45% time control in load
It makes the first fuel-air spraying system and switchs to the fuel air mixture for all feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state.
2. when medium and low heat value fuels such as fuel biogas, first order nozzle 110 feed fuel ignition start and by
Step increases fuel flow rate, and after split shaft gas turbine reaches desired speed, second level nozzle 13 starts to feed fuel and through inward eddy
Enter burner inner liner 2 after device 12 and air pre-mixing until split shaft gas turbine reaches light condition.By the second fuel sky when loading
Gas jet system feeds the fuel air mixture of lean-gas premixed combustion material state to burner inner liner 2：By on outer swirler 14
One of them feeds fuel for third level nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16, and with enter burner inner liner 2 after air pre-mixing.Work as split axle
When gas turbine reaches 10%~45% or so load, the first fuel-air spraying system of control switchs to mainly feed lean-gas premixed combustion
The fuel air mixture of material state：Control first order nozzle 110 is gradually reduced to reservation and feeds a small amount of fuel, while the second level
Nozzle 13, which starts to synchronize to gradually increase, feeds fuel and by entering burner inner liner 2 after inner swirler 12 and air pre-mixing, and gradually
It synchronizes and is increased up inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel and is mainly fed by second level nozzle 13, that is, be adjusted to second level nozzle 13
It feeds fuel and accounts for 50% or more the ratio that the first fuel-air spraying system feeds fuel, second level nozzle 13 in adjustment process
Fuel increase amount is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle 110 and gas turbine working status parameter is constant.At this point, by
The fuel air mixture that one fuel-air spraying system and the second fuel-air spraying system eject respectively is in burner inner liner 2
Middle progress lean-gas premixed combustion material parallel-two-stage burning.During this control, the fuel of first order nozzle 110 and second level nozzle 13 supplies
Enter specific ratio, is determined by design according to different gas turbines and specific fuel conditions.
Similarly with single-rotor gas turbine, the plus-minus load regulation of split shaft gas turbine is also empty by adjusting the second fuel
The fuel infeed amount of gas jet system is realized.Split shaft gas turbine third level when reduction is loaded to 10%~45% from high to low
Nozzle 15 or fourth stage nozzle 16 stop supply fuel, and only the first fuel-air spraying system is supplied by second level nozzle 13 at this time
The burning of lean-gas premixed combustion material is realized to fuel.
Further, first order nozzle 110, second level nozzle 13, third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle 16 are only respectively
Vertical, nozzles infeed fuel at different levels are identical or differ.Fuel be natural gas, biomass gasified gas, rubbish landfill gas, biogas,
Any one of gaseous fuels such as coal bed gas, coal gas, shale gas, oil gas.Exotic fuels of the present invention refer to low level hair
The higher fuel of heat, it is on the contrary then be low calorie fuels.By taking natural gas as an example, natural gas category exotic fuels, the mark of natural gas
Quasi- low heat valve is 8500kcal/NM3, the low heat valve of other middle combustion value fuels is probably on the half of a natural gas left side
It is right.
The invention has the advantages that：
1) while using lean-gas premixed combustion material fractional combustion, fuel is fed using multistage, can better adapt to a variety of combustions
Material burning, including low calorie fuels, organize combustion with reduced pollutants；
2) corresponding first fuel-air spraying system, fuel and air source are in inner flow passage 17 (or inner swirler 12), the
First order jet nozzle 110 and second level nozzle 13, fuel directly sprayed using first order fuel, second level fuel sprays into inner flow passage 17 or
The two-step way that inner swirler 12 carries out poor fuel premix feeds burner inner liner 2, for the different operating modes of gas turbine and use
Different fuel, feed ratio by adjusting corresponding two-stage fuel in the first fuel-air spraying system, can stablize realizing
The discharge that pollutant is further decreased while burning, compared with existing similar technique, combustion stability is more preferable, environmental-protecting performance more
It is excellent；The first fuel-air spraying system of the present invention uses the low stain mode of lean-gas premixed combustion material, can be enterprising on existing basis
One step reduces the discharge of pollutant；
3) it is adjustable to whole lean-gas premixed combustion material when the stable operation of gas turbine bringing onto load to feed, does not need diffusion combustion on duty
It burns, is more advantageous to the discharge for reducing pollutant；
4) combustion with reduced pollutants can be realized in wider condition range, stable combustion with reduced pollutants adjustable range is big, poor fuel boundary
It is wider to stablize combustion range, prevents the performance of spontaneous combustion, tempering and hugging stronger；
5) corresponding second fuel-air spraying system, fuel is with air source in outer flow passage 18 (or outer swirler 14), combustion
Material is fed using 16 points of two-stages of third level nozzle 15 and fourth stage nozzle, and lean combustion is carried out in outer flow passage 18 or outer swirler 14
Enter burner inner liner 2 after material premix, the confession of two-stage fuel is adjusted according to the different operating modes of gas turbine and the different fuel used
Enter amount, is suitable for the adjusting of wider range different characteristics fuel；
6) it can realize different fuel in proportion while feed, optimization is mixed and burned Properties Control, is realized in burner inner liner 2 low
Pollution is mixed and burned.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any made by repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of combustion chamber adapting to multi fuel, including head of combustion chamber (1) and burner inner liner (2), which is characterized in that the burning
Chamber-head portion (1) include the first fuel-air spraying system and be radially positioned on the outside of the first fuel-air spraying system the
Two fuel-air spraying systems, fuel staging feed the first fuel-air spraying system and second fuel-air injection
System,
The first fuel-air spraying system includes being located at the outer Central Fuel air inlet pipe (11) of central point thermoelectricity nozzle (10), setting
The first order nozzle (110) that is placed on the Central Fuel air inlet pipe (11) is set to the Central Fuel air inlet pipe (11) outside
The inner swirler (12) and second level nozzle (13) of side, wherein first order fuel is straight by the first order nozzle (110)
Connect and be injected into the burner inner liner (2), second level fuel sprayed through the second level nozzle (13) and with enter the inward eddy
The air of device (12) premixed after with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection enter the burner inner liner (2), first order fuel and second
Grade fuel enters burner inner liner (2) for realizing first-stage burning；
The second fuel-air spraying system includes outer swirler (14), the Yi Ji being located on the outside of the inner swirler (12)
Three-level nozzle (15), wherein third level fuel sprayed through the third level nozzle (15) and with enter the outer swirler (14)
Air premixed after with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection enter the burner inner liner (2), for realizing the second level burn；
The first fuel-air spraying system is mixed with the fuel-air that the second fuel-air spraying system ejects respectively
Object carries out the burning of lean-gas premixed combustion material parallel-two-stage in the burner inner liner (2).
2. the combustion chamber according to claim 1 for adapting to multi fuel, which is characterized in that
The second fuel-air spraying system further includes fourth stage nozzle (16), wherein fourth stage fuel is through the fourth stage
Nozzle (16) is sprayed and is entered with fuel-lean conditions swirl injection after being premixed with the air for entering the outer swirler (14)
The burner inner liner (2) is burnt for realizing the second level.
3. the combustion chamber according to claim 2 for adapting to multi fuel, which is characterized in that
The first order nozzle (110), the second level nozzle (13), the third level nozzle (15) and the fourth stage nozzle
(16) include the multiple spray orifices being uniformly distributed along the circumference.
4. the combustion chamber according to claim 1 for adapting to multi fuel, which is characterized in that
The inner swirler (12) is identical as the eddy flow direction of the outer swirler (14).
5. the combustion chamber according to claim 1 for adapting to multi fuel, which is characterized in that
The inner swirler (12) be axial flow cyclone or radial swirler, the outer swirler (14) be axial flow cyclone or
Person's radial swirler.
6. the combustion chamber according to claim 1 for adapting to multi fuel, which is characterized in that
The first fuel-air spraying system further includes the inner flow passage being set on the outside of the Central Fuel air inlet pipe (11)
(17), the inner swirler (12) is connected to entrance or the outlet of the inner flow passage (17)；
The second fuel-air spraying system further includes the outer flow passage (18) being set on the outside of the inner flow passage (17), described outer
Cyclone (14) is connected to entrance or the outlet of the outer flow passage (18).
7. the multi-stage fuel that a kind of combustion chamber to any adaptation multi fuel in claim 1 to 6 carries out supplies premix
With control method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The first order nozzle (110) in the first fuel-air spraying system feeds fuel until gas turbine is completed
It is dynamic；
When gas turbine reaches predetermined operating mode, the second level nozzle (13) in the first fuel-air spraying system is opened
Begin gradually to feed fuel, the first order nozzle (110), which synchronizes, gradually decreases infeed fuel so that the first fuel-air spray
The system of penetrating switchs to the fuel air mixture for feeding lean-gas premixed combustion material state；
When gas turbine loading, the second fuel-air spraying system feeds pre- to the burner inner liner (2) swirl injection
The fuel air mixture of mixed fuel-lean conditions.
8. multi-stage fuel supply premix according to claim 7 and control method, which is characterized in that for single shaft gas wheel
Machine,
When fuel exotic fuels, when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, control first order nozzle (110) gradually subtracts
Less until stopping feeding fuel, while second level nozzle (13) starts synchronous infeed fuel and by through inner swirler (12) and air
Enter burner inner liner (2) after premix, and gradually synchronize to be increased up and substitute first order nozzle (110) infeed fuel, in adjustment process
The fuel increase amount of second level nozzle (13) is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle (110) and gas turbine working condition
Parameter constant；
When fuel medium and low heat value fuel, gas turbine starts supplies fuel by first order nozzle (110) first, reaches predetermined
Second level nozzle (13) starts to feed fuel after rotating speed, when single-rotor gas turbine reaches light condition, controls first order nozzle
(110) infeed fuel is gradually decreased, while second level nozzle (13) starts synchronous increase and feeds fuel and by through inner swirler
(12) with air pre-mixing after enter burner inner liner (2), and gradually synchronize be increased up inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel mainly by
Second level nozzle (13) is fed, the combustion of the fuel increase amount and first order nozzle (110) of second level nozzle (13) in adjustment process
Expect that decrement is equal and gas turbine working status parameter is constant.
9. multi-stage fuel supply premix according to claim 7 and control method, which is characterized in that for split axle combustion gas wheel
Machine,
When fuel exotic fuels, split shaft gas turbine starts to increase load the second fuel sky at this time after reaching light condition
Gas jet system starts to feed fuel, when split shaft gas turbine reaches 10%~45% load, controls first order nozzle (110)
It is progressively reduced until that stopping feeds fuel, while second level nozzle (13) starts synchronous infeed fuel and by through inner swirler (12)
With after air pre-mixing enter burner inner liner (2), and gradually synchronize be increased up substitute first order nozzle (110) feed fuel, adjust
The fuel increase amount of second level nozzle (13) is equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle (110) in the process and gas turbine work
It is constant to make state parameter；
When fuel medium and low heat value fuel, first order nozzle (110) supplies after split shaft gas turbine starts and reaches desired speed
It is remained unchanged to fuel, second level nozzle (13) starts to feed fuel and enters flame after inner swirler (12) and air pre-mixing
Cylinder (2) is until split shaft gas turbine reaches light condition；Subsequent third level nozzle (15) starts to feed fuel, when split axle combustion gas wheel
When machine reaches 10%~45% load, control first order nozzle (110) gradually decreases infeed fuel, while second level nozzle (13)
Start to synchronize to gradually increase and feed fuel and by entering burner inner liner (2) after inner swirler (12) and air pre-mixing, adjust until
Inward eddy first-stage burning area fuel is mainly fed by second level nozzle (13), the fuel of second level nozzle (13) in adjustment process
Incrementss gas turbine working status parameter equal with the fuel decrement of first order nozzle (110) is constant.
10. multi-stage fuel supply premix according to claim 7 and control method, which is characterized in that
The first order nozzle (110), the second level nozzle (13), the third level nozzle (15) and the fourth stage nozzle
(16) independently, nozzles infeed fuel at different levels are identical or differ；
The fuel is in natural gas, biomass gasified gas, biogas, coal bed gas, coal gas, shale gas, oil gas, rubbish landfill gas
It is any.
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