CN108582943A - 一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构 - Google Patents

一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构 Download PDF

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CN108582943A
CN108582943A CN201810703979.7A CN201810703979A CN108582943A CN 108582943 A CN108582943 A CN 108582943A CN 201810703979 A CN201810703979 A CN 201810703979A CN 108582943 A CN108582943 A CN 108582943A
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paper
metallic plate
thermal insulation
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张延年
董晓
海洪
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Shenyang Jianzhu University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构，属于防火板技术领域。包括相互连接的饰面层间采用粘结剂连接；所述金属板基层呈正方体形，厚度为3~5mm，与四个、金属板基层、膨胀发泡层、隔热层、金属密封层、自攻螺栓孔构件，所述饰面层由外到里依次是表层纸、色纸、基纸，且之自攻螺栓孔构件焊接；所述膨胀发泡层为预制层，在四个边角处留有膨胀发泡层孔洞；所述隔热层为预制层，呈十字镂空形，在四个边角处留有隔热层孔洞；所述金属密封层起密封作用。本发明带有预制自攻螺栓孔，安装方便，且分层明确，装配式程度高，板体自重轻，防火耐热性能好，制作简单，经济效益好，避免复合防火板自重大，防火耐热效果不明显，施工安装不便的问题。

Description

一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构
技术领域
本发明属于防火板技术领域，特别是涉及一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构。
背景技术
防火板别名叫高压装饰板,或耐火板。它是把牛皮纸浸在树脂当中,在 进行高温高压过程实施处理之后,最终形成建筑室内装饰的表面材料,一 般来说,防火板材用于台桌墙面、橱柜、吊柜等地方。随着现代科技水平的 提升 ,越来越多的防火板材被运用到建筑领域来 ,其形式也多种多样,如 仿木纹、仿石材,以及最近一段时间出现的金属饰面。在建筑环保意识逐渐 强烈的如今 ,木材和石材使用已被加以限制,然而防火板材的外观模仿功能无疑很好地满足了人们的视觉要求。但是不管如何变化 ,防火板材的质 量才是工程施工中最为重要的。防火板 （耐火板）是原纸经过三聚氰胺树脂 与酚醛树脂加工而成,主要物理性质是由树脂特性展现出来。酚醛树脂树脂热固成型后有耐热与硬质等性能。两种树脂组合后 ,防火板 （耐火板）兼具两者之性能。
隧道是现代交通体系中常见的工程类型。隧道的结构一般是由钢筋混凝土垒砌而成的。混凝土在温度达到600℃时，其强度损失已达50%以上。而600℃的环境下,钢材的屈服应力一般降至常温下的1/3以下。而隧道发生火灾时,因其特殊的结构环境,温度一般在1000℃以上,混凝土是很难承受如此的高温。上千度的高温会使隧道内外的石头飞崩,严重的地方拱板坍塌,造成严重的后果。隧道混凝土结构防火保护方法主要有喷涂防火涂料和敷设防火板。由于隧道结构变形、漏水等因素使得防火涂料层易开裂和材料性能降低,不但影响防火效果,而且影响使用寿命;而使用敷设防火板在隧道内混凝土结构顶表面、侧表面及排烟管道表面,能对隧道内部混凝土结构的进行防火保护,火灾时防火板可作为牺牲品来提高承重混凝土结构的耐火极限,且其装饰性能、耐久性能良好。据统计,目前准备设计、施工和已完工的城市过街隧道中,95%以上的拟采用或已采用隧道防火板进行防火保护,因此隧道防火板的研究目前已成为防火建材领域的热门课题。目前,隧道防火板主要有两大类,硅酸盐无机隧道防火板和隧道复合防火板。硅酸盐无机隧道防火板虽然适应了一定变形要求,但其拼缝、金属紧固件将部分热量传递到结构表面,造成表层结构损伤,施工和后续维修不便。隧道复合防火板以金属龙骨的柔性安装方式,可以有效吸收因隧道涨缩、沉降、变形等有害因素,使附着其上的防火结构不会被破坏,配合表面板材具备优良的抗冲击强度和抗折破坏荷载,可以有效吸收车辆高速进出、会车时的正、负压冲击波,表层板材接缝处以耐高温的无机胶填塞,使整个防火构件无任何薄弱点,在既有基础上,更容易提高隧道防火等级。因此国内对隧道防火板的研究还是以复合隧道防火板为主。
隧道工程防火是系统工程,防火设计和防火材料质量最为关键的。现在的隧道工程中适用的防火材料,已从过去单纯的只要考虑耐火性能发展到今天的综合性多种功效兼具的一种集成应用技术。隧道复合防火板是近几年才研究出来的产品,因此与其他防火板材相比,其产品产量和生产厂家都要少些,但是隧道复合防火板作为一种对隧道结构保护作用明显、适合我国目前经济发展水平的新型防火板材,对使用隧道复合防火板,在预防隧道火灾、提高隧道结构的耐火极限方面将起到积极的作用,并在降低外部火灾带来的损失和缩减修复成本方面,将产生潜在的、巨大的经济效益和社会效益。由于中外隧道火灾的惨痛教训,隧道结构防火已引起国内外有关部门的高度重视,各部门对使用隧道防火板作为隧道结构防火保护的要求也日益增加,因而隧道复合防火板的研究、生产和推广应用正在逐渐步人高潮。目前全国很多厂家、研究单位正在对隧道复合防火板的研究和应用开展积极的工作,随着这些工作的推进,将会有更多更好的隧道复合防火板产品问世,以满足社会的需要,由此可以推动隧道复合防火板的发展及高性能防火助剂的开发,使隧道复合防火板走向良好发展轨道。
发明内容
为了解决上述存在的技术问题，本发明提供一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构，主要为了开发一种带有预制自攻螺栓孔，安装方便，且分层明确，装配式程度高，板体自重轻，防火耐热性能好，制作简单，经济效益好的隧道复合防火板，避免复合防火板自重大，防火耐热效果不明显，施工安装不便的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构，包括相互连接的饰面层、金属板基层、膨胀发泡层、隔热层、金属板密封层、自攻螺栓孔构件；所述饰面层由外到里依次是表层纸、色纸、基纸，且表层纸、色纸之间和色纸、基纸之间采用粘结剂连接；所述金属板基层截面呈矩形，厚度为3~5mm，四个自攻螺栓孔构件分别位于金属板基层四个边角处，且通过焊接连接；所述膨胀发泡层为预制层，在四个边角处开设膨胀发泡层孔洞，与四个自攻螺栓孔构件位置一一对应；所述隔热层为预制层，外侧为矩形边框，在四个边角处开设隔热层孔洞，中间镂空呈十字形；所述金属板密封层起密封作用，四个边角处开设金属板密封层孔洞；所述自攻螺栓孔构件由内部带螺纹的金属曲管片组成，长度超过复合防火板的厚度；饰面层与金属板基层通过粘结剂连接，金属板基层往里依次是膨胀发泡层、隔热层、金属板密封层，且每两层之间通过自攻螺栓孔构件与粘结剂连接，自功螺栓拧入到自攻螺栓孔构件中，方便自攻螺栓在复合防火板上施工。
进一步地，所述组成饰面层的表层纸、色纸经过三聚氰氨树脂成分浸染，基纸采用牛皮纸制成。
进一步地，所述膨胀发泡层由IEM无机膨胀发泡材料与OEM有机膨胀发泡材料按0.5:1比例混合组成的IEM-OEM复合发泡材料和氯丁胶乳制成。
进一步地，所述隔热层采用轻质硅酸钙制成。
进一步地，所述粘结剂采用氯丁胶乳作为复合防火板的粘结树脂材料。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的有益效果和优点是带有预制自攻螺栓孔，安装方便，且分层明确，装配式程度高，板体自重轻，防火耐热性能好，制作简单，经济效益好，避免复合防火板自重大，防火耐热效果不明显，施工安装不便的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构的平面结构示意图。
图2为本发明一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构的侧立面结构示意图。
图3为图1、图2中饰面层的剖面结构示意图。
图4为图2中自攻螺栓孔构件与自攻螺栓连接示意图。
图5为图1、图2中隔热层的立体结构示意图。
图中，1为饰面层；2为金属板基层；3为膨胀发泡层；3-1为膨胀发泡层孔洞；4为隔热层；4-1为隔热层孔洞；5为金属板密封层；5-1为金属板密封层孔洞；6为自攻螺栓孔构件；7为表层纸；8为色纸；9为基纸；10为粘结剂；11为自攻螺栓。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细描述：
实施例：如图1-图5所示，本发明一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构，包括相互连接的饰面层1、金属板基层2、膨胀发泡层3、隔热层4、金属板密封层5、自攻螺栓孔构件6；所述饰面层1由外到里依次是表层纸7、色纸8、基纸9，且表层纸7、色纸8之间和色纸8、基纸之间采用粘结剂10连接；所述金属板基层2截面呈矩形，厚度为3~5mm，四个自攻螺栓孔构件6分别位于金属板基层2四个边角处，且通过焊接连接；所述膨胀发泡层3为预制层，在四个边角处开设膨胀发泡层孔洞3-1，与四个自攻螺栓孔构件6位置一一对应；所述隔热层4为预制层，外侧为矩形边框，在四个边角处开设隔热层孔洞4-1，中间镂空呈十字形；所述金属板密封层5起密封作用，四个边角处开设金属板密封层孔洞5-1；所述自攻螺栓孔构件6由内部带螺纹的金属曲管片组成，长度超过复合防火板的厚度；饰面层1与金属板基层2通过粘结剂10连接，金属板基层2往里依次是膨胀发泡层3、隔热层4、金属板密封层5，且每两层之间通过自攻螺栓孔构件6与粘结剂10连接，自功螺栓11拧入到自攻螺栓孔构件6中，方便自攻螺栓11在复合防火板上施工。
如图1、图2、图3所示，所述组成饰面层1的表层纸7、色纸8经过三聚氰氨树脂成分浸染，基纸9采用牛皮纸制成。
如图1、图2所示，所述膨胀发泡层3由IEM无机膨胀发泡材料与OEM有机膨胀发泡材料按0.5:1比例混合组成的IEM-OEM复合发泡材料和氯丁胶乳制成。
如图1、图2、图5所示，所述隔热层4采用轻质硅酸钙制成。
如图1、图2、图3所示，所述粘结剂10采用氯丁胶乳作为复合防火板的粘结树脂材料。
如图1所示，所述自攻螺栓孔构件6的位置固定，自攻螺栓11拧入到自攻螺栓孔构件6中，方便自攻螺栓11在复合防火板上施工。
本发明的工作原理：金属板基层与自攻螺栓孔构件组成永久性模板，外侧的饰面层中的表层纸与色纸经过三聚氰氨树脂成分浸染，使防火板外表面具有耐磨、耐划等物理性能，牛皮纸制成的基纸使防火板具有良好的抗冲击性、柔韧性；膨胀发泡层、隔热层、金属板密封层均为预制层，留有膨胀发泡层孔洞、隔热层孔洞、金属板密封层孔洞，安装方便，结构由外到里依次为饰面层、金属板基层、膨胀发泡层、隔热层、金属板密封层，板体自重轻，耐火性能优良。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构，其特征在于：包括相互连接的饰面层（1）、金属板基层（2）、膨胀发泡层（3）、隔热层（4）、金属板密封层（5）、自攻螺栓孔构件（6）；所述饰面层（1）由外到里依次是表层纸（7）、色纸（8）、基纸（9），且表层纸（7）、色纸（8）之间和色纸（8）、基纸（9）之间采用粘结剂（10）连接；所述金属板基层（2）截面呈矩形，厚度为3~5mm，四个自攻螺栓孔构件（6）分别位于金属板基层（2）四个边角处，且通过焊接连接；所述膨胀发泡层（3）为预制层，在四个边角处开设膨胀发泡层孔洞（3-1），与四个自攻螺栓孔构件（6）位置一一对应；所述隔热层（4）为预制层，外侧为矩形边框，在四个边角处开设隔热层孔洞（4-1），中间镂空呈十字形；所述金属板密封层（5）起密封作用，四个边角处开设金属板密封层孔洞（5-1）；所述自攻螺栓孔构件（6）由内部带螺纹的金属曲管片组成，长度超过复合防火板的厚度；饰面层（1）与金属板基层（2）通过粘结剂（10）连接，金属板基层（2）往里依次是膨胀发泡层（3）、隔热层（4）、金属板密封层（5），且每两层之间通过自攻螺栓孔构件（6）与粘结剂（10）连接，自功螺栓（11）拧入到自攻螺栓孔构件（6）中，方便自攻螺栓（11）在复合防火板上施工。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构，其特征在于：所述组成饰面层（1）的表层纸（7）、色纸（8）经过三聚氰氨树脂成分浸染，基纸（9）采用牛皮纸制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构，其特征在于：所述膨胀发泡层（3）由IEM无机膨胀发泡材料与OEM有机膨胀发泡材料按0.5:1比例混合组成的IEM-OEM复合发泡材料和氯丁胶乳制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构，其特征在于：所述隔热层（4）采用轻质硅酸钙制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种轻型隧道复合防火板结构，其特征在于：所述粘结剂（10）采用氯丁胶乳作为复合防火板的粘结树脂材料。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109822739A (zh) * 2019-02-15 2019-05-31 沈阳建筑大学 一种隔断透气型防爆防火板的加工方法
CN110747902A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2020-02-04 宁夏回族自治区电力设计院有限公司 一种轻质预制式钢混组合电缆隧道

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109822739A (zh) * 2019-02-15 2019-05-31 沈阳建筑大学 一种隔断透气型防爆防火板的加工方法
CN109822739B (zh) * 2019-02-15 2020-09-18 张延年 一种隔断透气型防爆防火板的加工方法
CN110747902A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2020-02-04 宁夏回族自治区电力设计院有限公司 一种轻质预制式钢混组合电缆隧道

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