CN108579124A - 一种选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法 - Google Patents
一种选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种选择性吸附烟丝中的4‑甲基苯甲醛的方法,主要包括以下步骤:称取甲基丙烯酸、N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺、N,N‑二甲基双丙烯酰胺,超声溶于水中,加入N‑叔丁基丙烯酰胺的无水乙醇溶液,超声脱气;调节pH=5.8~6.2后,加入作为模板分子的4‑甲基苯甲醛;滴加引发剂的水溶液,聚合反应;洗脱模板分子,制得分子印迹聚合物粗品,然后透析并冻干透析液,制得分子印迹聚合物固体粉末,配制成分子印迹聚合物溶液;将烟丝的乙醇溶液与分子印迹聚合物溶液混合,超声振荡,完成选择性吸附。本发明提供的选择性吸附烟丝中的4‑甲基苯甲醛的方法易于操作,吸附时间短,适用于烟草品控检测,因此具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学检测技术领域,具体涉及一种选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法。
背景技术
卷烟中至少含有69种致癌物质,烟草烟雾中含有7000余种化学成分;卷烟点燃之后产生对人体有害的物质大致分为5大类:(1)醛类、氮化物,这些物质对呼吸道有刺激作用;(2)尼古丁,可刺激交感神经,让吸烟者形成依赖性;(3)胺类、氰化物和重金属,这些均属于毒性物质;(4)苯并芘、砷以及其它放射性物质,这些物质均有致癌作用;(5)一氧化碳能降低红细胞将氧输送到全身的能力。其中,醛类对眼睛以及粘膜具有刺激作用,例如下式所示的4-甲基苯甲醛也具有强烈的刺激作用:
因此,吸烟成为影响人类健康的主要原因之一。其中醛类物质具有很大的毒性作用,例如,4-甲基苯甲醛。而目前有关卷烟侧流烟气中有害醛酮类化合物分析主要是采用气相色谱(GC)法、气质联用(GC/MS)法以及液质联用(LC/MS)法。但是这些检测方法都需要大型的仪器设备,这些设备的使用和日常维护费用较高,因此需要很高的检测成本。除此之外,气相检测受试样的挥发性和热稳定性限制,应用范围窄,流动相种类较少;液相的检测时间较长。因此选择成本更低,操作简单的检测方法是很有必要的。
分子印迹技术(Molecular Imprinting Technology,MIT)是指制备对某一特定的目标分子(又称为模板分子或印迹分子)具有选择性的聚合物的技术。在1894年,在解释酶作用的专一性的时候,E.Fischer就提出了“锁与钥匙”的学说,即酶和底物结合时,底物的结构和酶的活动中心的结构十分吻合,酶的这种互补形状,使酶只能与对应的化合物对应,从而排斥了那些形状、大小不适合的化合物。人们根据酶与底物分子的专一性结合特性,在1949年,Dickey首次提出了“分子印迹”的概念;他以甲基橙作为模板分子,以酸化的硅酸盐作为单体,引发聚合之后,用甲醇作为洗脱液洗脱甲基橙,制得了甲基橙分子的印迹硅胶。这种材料和空白的硅胶相比,对于甲基橙的吸附作用明显增大。到1972年,德国的Wulff研究小组首次报道了人工合成的分子印迹聚合物后,这项技术才逐渐被人们所认识。特别是在1993年,瑞典科学家Mosbach等在《Nature》杂志上发表了有关茶碱分子印迹聚合物的研究报告,阐述了分子印迹的“塑料抗体”和仿生免疫分析的应用,使分子印迹技术得到全世界的瞩目,分子印迹技术才得到了蓬勃的发展。
分子印迹技术之所以能够发展如此迅速,主要是因为有三大优点:预定性:模板分子和功能单体在聚合之前是已经选择好了的,所以这种预定性就决定了人们可以按照自己的目的制备不同的分子印迹聚合物(MIP),以满足各种不同的需要;特异性识别:MIP是按照模板分子的构型聚合的,因此它具特异的识别位点和空腔来识别模板分子,因而其特异性识别作用很强;实用性:MIP的稳定性好,通常不受高温、酸碱的影响。分子印迹聚合物同天然生物分子,如酶和底物、抗原和抗体、受体和激素相比能够抵御比较恶劣的环境影响,而且贮存条件温和,能够长时间保留识别性能。特别是,制备得到的纳米级的分子印迹聚合物表面有模板分子的“印迹腔”,当分子印迹聚合物应用到模板分子存在的体系中后,该分子印迹聚合物就能选择性吸附目标分子(模板分子),从而将目标分子与其他物质分离。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的种种技术缺陷,本发明旨在提供一种选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法,其包括以下步骤:
S1:准确称取甲基丙烯酸、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺,超声溶于水中;然后加入N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺的无水乙醇溶液,超声脱气;
S2:调节pH=5.8~6.2后,加入作为模板分子的4-甲基苯甲醛;
S3:缓慢地滴加引发剂的水溶液,在33~36℃下聚合反应20~26h;
S4:反应完全后,以乙醇-氯仿为萃取剂,采用索氏提取器进行回流过夜,以洗脱模板分子,制得分子印迹聚合物粗品;
S5:将所述分子印迹聚合物粗品进行透析以去除未聚合的引发剂或/和甲基丙烯酸或/和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺或/和N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺,然后冻干透析液,制得分子印迹聚合物固体粉末;
S6:取所述分子印迹聚合物固体粉末,超声溶于水中,配制成分子印迹聚合物溶液;
S7:将烟丝的乙醇溶液与所述分子印迹聚合物溶液混合,超声振荡20~30min,完成选择性吸附。
优选地,在上述选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法中,在S1中,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为1:2,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为1:10,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为1:1。
优选地,在上述选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法中,在S1中,所述超声脱气的持续时间为5~15min。
优选地,在上述选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法中,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述4-甲基苯甲醛的摩尔比为1:2~1:16。
进一步优选地,在上述选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法中,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述4-甲基苯甲醛的摩尔比为1:8。
优选地,在上述选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法中,所述引发剂由过硫酸铵、亚硫酸氢钠和十二烷基硫酸钠组成。
优选地,在上述选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法中,所述分子印迹聚合物溶液的浓度为1mg/mL。
优选地,在上述选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法中,所述烟丝的乙醇溶液的制备步骤包括:
称取卷烟烟丝,置于无水乙醇中,水浴加热回流4小时,接着,先抽滤,再用220nm微孔滤膜过滤,即得所述烟丝的乙醇溶液。
另外,值得补充说明的是,在本文中,各步骤所使用的水均为蒸馏水。
与现有技术相比,本发明所提供的技术方案具备以下有益效果:首先,由于发明人选择了特定的试剂和工艺制备了分子印迹聚合物,本发明所提供的吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法具有选择性,该方法中的分子印迹聚合物特异性地吸附4-甲基苯甲醛(即对甲基苯甲醛),而不会吸附邻甲基苯甲醛或间甲基苯甲醛,更不会吸附其它分子结构差异巨大的化合物;其次,在选择性吸附了烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛之后,并在建立4-甲基苯甲醛的浓度-紫外吸光度标准曲线的基础上,相关检测人员容易利用紫外分光光度法测得4-甲基苯甲醛的含量;此外,所述选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法易于操作,吸附时间短,适用于烟草品控检测,因此具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为分子印迹聚合物的制备原理示意图;
图2为本发明所述的选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法中制备的分子印迹聚合物的TEM图;
图3(A)为4-甲基苯甲醛的浓度-紫外吸光度标准曲线,图3(B)为分子印迹聚合物吸附前后的4-甲基苯甲醛(5μg/mL)的紫外吸收图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施方式。
在一个优选实施例中,所述选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法包括以下步骤:
S1:准确称取甲基丙烯酸(0.2-0.3mmol)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺,超声溶于80mL水中;然后加入N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺的无水乙醇(1mL)溶液,超声脱气10min;
S2:调节pH=6.0后,加入作为模板分子的4-甲基苯甲醛;
其中,分别按以下摩尔比投加模板分子:
MIP-1:(甲基丙烯酸:模板分子=1:2)
MIP-2:(甲基丙烯酸:模板分子=1:4)
MIP-3:(甲基丙烯酸:模板分子=1:8)
MIP-4:(甲基丙烯酸:模板分子=1:16)
S3:缓慢地滴加引发剂(过硫酸铵,亚硫酸氢钠和十二烷基硫酸钠)的水溶液,在33~36℃下聚合反应20~26h;
S4:反应完全后,以乙醇-氯仿为萃取剂,采用索氏提取器进行回流过夜,以洗脱模板分子,制得分子印迹聚合物粗品;
S5:将所述分子印迹聚合物粗品用蒸馏水透析3~4天,每天换水3次,以去除未聚合的引发剂或/和甲基丙烯酸或/和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺或/和N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺,然后冻干透析液,制得纳米级的分子印迹聚合物固体粉末;
S6:取所述分子印迹聚合物固体粉末,超声溶于水中,配制成1mg/mL分子印迹聚合物溶液;
S7:称取5g卷烟烟丝,置于250ml无水乙醇中,水浴加热回流4小时,接着,先抽滤,取粗滤液,再将该粗滤液用220nm微孔滤膜过滤,取滤液,即得烟丝的乙醇溶液;将该烟丝的乙醇溶液与所述分子印迹聚合物溶液混合,超声振荡20~30min,完成选择性吸附。
此外,用HPLC的方法检测各个分子印迹聚合物对4-甲基苯甲醛的吸附能力,确定吸附量最大的分子印迹聚合物,结果MIP-3的吸附量最大。
实施例1:
准确称取甲基丙烯酸(27.0μL),N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(73.9mg),N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺(3.9mg)溶于80mL蒸馏水,N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺(39.2mg)溶于1mL无水乙醇,超声10min;接着,用NaOH调节pH=6.0,加入20.0mg模板分子(4-甲基苯甲醛)(溶于蒸馏水),70rpm恒温(35℃)振荡4小时;然后,缓慢地滴加引发剂的水溶液(过硫酸铵(60.0mg),亚硫酸氢钠(20.0mg),十二烷基硫酸钠(40.0mg)溶于20mL的蒸馏水),在35℃下聚合反应24h;
反应完全后,以乙醇-氯仿为萃取剂,采用索氏提取器回流过夜,以洗脱模板分子(4-甲基苯甲醛),制得分子印迹聚合物粗品;
将所述分子印迹聚合物粗品用蒸馏水透析3~4天,每天换水3次,以去除未聚合的引发剂或/和甲基丙烯酸或/和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺或/和N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺,然后冻干透析液,制得分子印迹聚合物固体粉末MIP-3,如图2所示,其为粒径200nm左右的纳米球;
取所述分子印迹聚合物固体粉末MIP-3,超声溶于水中,配制成1mg/mL分子印迹聚合物溶液;
称取5g卷烟烟丝,置于250ml无水乙醇中,水浴加热回流4小时,接着,先抽滤,取粗滤液,再将该粗滤液用220nm微孔滤膜过滤,取滤液,即得烟丝的乙醇溶液;将该烟丝的乙醇溶液与所述分子印迹聚合物溶液混合,超声振荡30min,完成选择性吸附。
实施例2:
①配制分子印迹聚合物溶液(1mg/mL)
准确称取6.0mg分子印迹聚合物固体粉末MIP-3超声溶于6.0mL的蒸馏水中,配制成1mg/mL的分子印迹聚合物溶液;
②4-甲基苯甲醛的浓度-紫外吸光度标准曲线的测定(10、5、4、2、1、0.5、0.2、0.1μg/mL)
购买或自行配制100μg/ml的4-甲基苯甲醛的标准溶液:准确称取2.0mg的4-甲基苯甲醛溶于20.0ml的无水乙醇。
10μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛溶液的配制:1ml 100μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛+9ml无水乙醇;5μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛溶液的配制:5ml 10μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛+5ml无水乙醇;4μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛溶液的配制:2ml 10μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛+3ml无水乙醇;2μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛溶液的配制:2ml 5μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛+3ml无水乙醇;1μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛溶液的配制:3ml 5μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛+12ml无水乙醇;0.5μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛溶液的配制:6ml 1μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛+6ml无水乙醇;0.2μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛溶液的配制:4ml 0.5μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛+6ml无水乙醇;0.1μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛溶液的配制:4ml 0.2μg/ml 4-甲基苯甲醛+4ml无水乙醇;检测各浓度下的紫外吸光度,制作标准曲线,如图3(A)所示。
③分子印迹聚合物快速吸附4-甲基苯甲醛
室温的条件下,取3.0mL的分子印迹聚合物溶液,并取1.0mL4-甲基苯甲醛溶液(5μg/ml),超声振荡30min,离心(10000rpm/30min)后,取上清液。
④紫外分光光度计检测分子印迹聚合物的吸附量,计算Q值(参见图3(B)):
4-甲基苯甲醛溶液(5μg/mL)的紫外吸光度为0.978(256nm);经过分子印迹聚合物吸附并离心后,上清液中的4-甲基苯甲醛的紫外吸光度为0.371(256nm),经过标准曲线的计算得到该上清液中的4-甲基苯甲醛的浓度为Ct=1.3μg/mL。
根据公式Q=[(C0-Ct)×V]/M计算Q值;其中C0—吸附前4-甲基苯甲醛的浓度(mg/mL),Ct—吸附并离心后的上清液中的4-甲基苯甲醛的浓度(mg/mL),V—加入的4-甲基苯甲醛溶液的体积(mL),M—加入的分子印迹聚合物质量(g);计算结果为Q=1.23mg/g,即说明每克分子印迹聚合物固体粉末MIP-3能够选择性地吸收1.23mg 4-甲基苯甲醛。
实施例3:
取市售的一种卷烟X,切开后,将烟丝取出烘干,按照实施例1中所述的步骤制得烟丝的乙醇溶液,将该烟丝的乙醇溶液与实施例2中配制的分子印迹聚合物溶液(1mg/mL)混合,超声振荡30min,完成选择性吸附;进一步以乙醇-氯仿为萃取剂,采用索氏提取器回流过夜,以洗脱4-甲基苯甲醛,然后在建立了4-甲基苯甲醛的浓度-紫外吸光度标准曲线的基础上,利用紫外分光光度法测得萃取剂中的4-甲基苯甲醛的含量,从而间接测得了卷烟X的烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的含量。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:准确称取甲基丙烯酸、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺,超声溶于水中;然后加入N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺的无水乙醇溶液,超声脱气;
S2:调节pH=5.8~6.2后,加入作为模板分子的4-甲基苯甲醛;
S3:缓慢地滴加引发剂的水溶液,在33~36℃下聚合反应20~26h;
S4:反应完全后,以乙醇-氯仿为萃取剂,采用索氏提取器进行回流过夜,以洗脱模板分子,制得分子印迹聚合物粗品;
S5:将所述分子印迹聚合物粗品进行透析以去除未聚合的引发剂或/和甲基丙烯酸或/和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺或/和N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺,然后冻干透析液,制得分子印迹聚合物固体粉末;
S6:取所述分子印迹聚合物固体粉末,超声溶于水中,配制成分子印迹聚合物溶液;
S7:将烟丝的乙醇溶液与所述分子印迹聚合物溶液混合,超声振荡20~30min,完成选择性吸附。
2.根据权利要求1所述的选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法,其特征在于,在S1中,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为1:2,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为1:10,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法,其特征在于,在S1中,所述超声脱气的持续时间为5~15min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法,其特征在于,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述4-甲基苯甲醛的摩尔比为1:2~1:16。
5.根据权利要求4所述的选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法,其特征在于,所述甲基丙烯酸与所述4-甲基苯甲醛的摩尔比为1:8。
6.根据权利要求1所述的选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂由过硫酸铵、亚硫酸氢钠和十二烷基硫酸钠组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法,其特征在于,所述分子印迹聚合物溶液的浓度为1mg/mL。
8.根据权利要求1所述的选择性吸附烟丝中的4-甲基苯甲醛的方法,其特征在于,所述烟丝的乙醇溶液的制备步骤包括:
称取卷烟烟丝,置于无水乙醇中,水浴加热回流4小时,接着,先抽滤,再用220nm微孔滤膜过滤,即得所述烟丝的乙醇溶液。
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