CN108574161A - 插入式连接器 - Google Patents

插入式连接器 Download PDF

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CN108574161A
CN108574161A CN201810177234.1A CN201810177234A CN108574161A CN 108574161 A CN108574161 A CN 108574161A CN 201810177234 A CN201810177234 A CN 201810177234A CN 108574161 A CN108574161 A CN 108574161A
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layers
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U·蔡格迈斯特
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Diehl Metal Applications GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/62Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C25D5/14Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/605Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/605Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
    • C25D5/611Smooth layers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/615Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
    • C25D5/617Crystalline layers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/615Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
    • C25D5/619Amorphous layers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/627Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/50Fixed connections
    • H01R12/51Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/55Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals
    • H01R12/58Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals terminals for insertion into holes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02Contact members
    • H01R13/03Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括压入体(2)的插入式连接器(1),该压入体(2)涂覆有第一含Ni层(3)和第二含Ni层(4),其中第一和/或第二含Ni层是纳米晶体或非晶体层。

Description

插入式连接器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种插入式连接器。
背景技术
适于插入或压入电路板的孔中的插入式连接器由例如DE102008042824A1已知。该插入式连接器有近似圆柱形区域,插入电路板中的插入式连接器在该区域中建立与电路板的电接触,下文中,该区域将称为接触区域。传统的插入式连接器有压入体,该压入体能够由铜、青铜或CuSn6制成。压入体涂覆有两层,这两层布置成至少局部相互重叠,其中,外部层包括硫醇。该硫醇用作钝化剂或润滑剂,以便限制在压入过程中所需的压入力。这种插入式连接器的缺点是在接触区域中需要有机中间层,该有机中间层对电特性有不利影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺点。特别是,将提供一种插入式连接器,该插入式连接器能够使用较低压入力而压入电路板中,且制造简单。
该目的通过权利要求1的特征来实现。本发明的优选实施例能够由从属权利要求中得出。
根据本发明,提供了一种插入式连接器,该插入式连接器包括压入体,该压入体涂覆有第一含Ni层和第二含Ni层的,其中,第一和/或第二含Ni层是纳米晶体或非晶体层。
第一含Ni层和第二含Ni层有不同数量级的颗粒尺寸。特别是,一个层能够是微晶体,另一层能够是纳米晶体或非晶体。为了本发明目的,“微晶体”的意思是颗粒尺寸在从0.3μm至7μm的范围内,特别是从0.5μm至3μm。为了本发明目的,“纳米晶体”的意思是颗粒尺寸为从4nm至200nm,特别是从4nm至100nm,特别是从4nm至80nm,特别是4nm至60nm。为了本发明目的,“非晶体”的意思是不能通过常规方法(例如X射线衍射、电子衍射或透射电子显微镜)而检测到晶体。
特别是,含Ni层不含有任何可感知量的有机杂质。含Ni层优选是含有至少80%重量百分比的镍,特别是至少90%重量百分比的镍。含Ni层特别优选是含有至少95%重量百分比的镍,特别是至少97%重量百分比的镍。第一和第二含Ni层至少局部重叠,且它们优选是在其整个区域上重叠。
本发明的插入式连接器的优点是它能够通过电化学涂层来进行涂覆,例如带状电镀。通过有机助剂(organic auxiliary)产生的分离涂层并不是必须。因此,本发明的插入式连接器没有任何有机涂层,特别是在它压入电路板时与该电路板接触的接触区域中。
在优选实施例中,一个含Ni层是亚光镍,另一含Ni层是光亮镍。为了本发明目的,光亮镍是具有光滑和光泽表面的镍涂层。亚光镍具有亚光(即相对粗糙)的表面。已知电解质用于生产光亮镍或亚光镍。
在还一实施例中,本发明的插入式连接器的第一或第二含Ni层是非晶体层,它包含直至15%重量百分比的磷,特别是直至10%重量百分比的磷。非晶体含Ni层能够通过添加磷而稳定。
纳米晶体和/或非晶体层优选是具有从0.1至3μm的厚度,特别是从0.1至2.2μm,特别是从0.1至1μm,特别是从0.1至0.7μm,特别是从0.1至0.3μm。在压入体上的层顺序能够特别从表1中所示的层顺序中选择:
表1
在优选实施例中,本发明的插入式连接器的压入体包括铜、铜合金或钢。特别是,铜合金能够是由以下构成的合金:CuFe、FuFe2P、CuNiSn、CuNiSi、CuZn、CuSnZn、CuSn4、CuSn6或CuSn8
在还一实施例中,由Cu或Sn构成的中间层能够布置在压入体和第一含Ni层之间。通过中间层还能够进一步降低表面粗糙度。
附图说明
下面将借助于工作示例和参考附图来说明本发明。附图是示意图,并且:
图1表示了根据本发明的插入式连接器,
图2表示了图1的插入式连接器的涂层顺序的示意图,
图3表示了插入式连接器的涂层的层顺序的第二工作示例,
图4表示了插入式连接器的涂层顺序的第三工作示例,
图5表示了插入式连接器的涂层的第四工作示例,
图6表示了摩擦测试的曲线图,
图7表示了摩擦测试的还一曲线图,
图8示意表示了光亮镍表面的截面的透射电子显微图,以及
图9示意表示了非晶体NiP表面的截面的透射电子显微图。
具体实施方式
图1表示了插入式连接器1,该插入式连接器1适合压入电路板的开口中,该电路板由铜制造,并涂覆有青铜和/或锡。插入式连接器1包括插针尖端10、具有压入区域11的压入主体2以及固定区域12。插入连接器1涂覆有两个含Ni层,这两个含Ni层至少局部重叠。压入区域11的圆柱形部分用作接触区域。
图2表示了插入式连接器1的层结构的第一工作示例。压入体2由CuSn6制成,并有Ra=0.5μm的粗糙度。平均颗粒尺寸为0.8μm的第一含Ni层3布置在它的顶部上。最终表面由平均颗粒尺寸为30nm的纳米晶体第二含Ni层4形成。具有纳米晶体颗粒尺寸的第二含Ni层4增加了表面硬度,它在30nm的颗粒尺寸下具有205+/-7GPa的E模量和9.4+/-0.6GPa的压痕硬度(identation hardness)。第二含Ni层4的纳米晶体微结构产生更平滑的表面,该表面提高了滑动性能。这种层顺序特别适用于一次性插入操作。
图3表示了插入式连接器的层结构的另一工作示例。该层结构有在压入体2和第一含Ni层3之间的中间层5。该中间层5包括锡。它用作粘接层35,还用于使得压入体2的粗糙度变平。中间层是纳米晶体层,具有30nm的颗粒尺寸。也可选择,中间层5还能够包括铜。
图4表示了在压入体2上的层结构的第三工作示例,该层结构有三个含Ni层,其中,第一含Ni层3是纳米晶体层,第二含Ni层4是微晶体层,第三含Ni层6是非晶体层。非晶体层含有12%重量百分比的磷。这样的Ni-P层具有149+/-6GPa的E模量和9+/-0.7GPa的压痕硬度。非晶体层的表面具有对铜接触表面的恒定低摩擦阻力。通过这样的层结构能够最小化或防止对铜或青铜层的冷焊。非晶体层增加了抗摩擦氧化的稳定性和较低的层退化,因此非常适合重复插入操作。
图5表示了在压入体2上的层结构,该层结构有三个含Ni层以及中间层5。这三个含Ni层3、4、6与图4所示的工作示例的含Ni层相对应。中间层5包括锡。
图6表示了在铜插针和板之间的两个摩擦测试的结果,该板分别涂覆有亚光镍或光亮镍。时间标绘在水平轴上,摩擦系数(COF)标绘在竖直轴上。光亮镍的曲线表示磨合阶段,在磨合阶段中,在摩擦测试中摩擦系数增加,而在亚光镍的摩擦测试中,摩擦系数具有近似恒定值。
图7是曲线图,表示了在铜插针和板之间的还一摩擦测试的比较,该板涂覆有光亮镍或非晶体Ni-P层。非晶体Ni-P层的摩擦试验表示了恒定的低摩擦系数,而在光亮镍上的摩擦试验表示了增加的摩擦系数。在10次摩擦循环之后,在光亮镍的情况下发生Cu颗粒的转移,如在图8的显微镜检查的示意图中可见。在非晶体Ni-P层的情况下,在10次摩擦循环之后没有观察到材料向摩擦表面的转移,如图9中所示。
参考标号列表
1 插入式接触件
2 压入体
3 第一含Ni层
4 第二含Ni层
5 中间层
6 第三含Ni层
10 插针尖端
11 压入区域
12 固定区域

Claims (9)

1.一种包括压入体(2)的插入式连接器(1),所述压入体(2)涂覆有第一含Ni层(3)和第二含Ni层(4);
其中,第一含Ni层(3)和/或第二含Ni层(4)是纳米晶体层或非晶体层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的插入式连接器,其中:第一含Ni层(3)和第二含Ni层(4)中的一个是亚光镍,第一含Ni层(3)和第二含Ni层(4)中的另一个是光亮镍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的插入式连接器,其中:第一含Ni层(3)或第二含Ni层(4)是非晶体层,它含有直至15%重量百分比的磷,特别是直至10%重量百分比的磷。
4.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的插入式连接器,其中:纳米晶体和/或非晶体层的厚度是0.1-3μm,特别是0.1-2.2μm,特别是0.1-1μm,特别是0.1-0.7μm,特别是0.1-0.3μm。
5.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的插入式连接器,其中:第三含Ni层(6)布置在第二含Ni层(4)的顶部上。
6.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的插入式连接器,其中:第二含Ni层(4)是微晶体,第三含Ni层(6)是纳米晶体或非晶体。
7.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的插入式连接器,其中:压入体(2)包括铜、铜合金或钢。
8.根据权利要求7所述的插入式连接器,其中:铜合金是由以下构成的合金:CuFe、FuFe2P、CuNiSn、CuNiSi、CuZn、CuSnZn、CuSn4、CuSn6或CuSn8
9.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的插入式连接器,其中:由Cu或Sn构成的中间层(5)布置在压入体(2)和第一含Ni层(3)之间。
CN201810177234.1A 2017-03-14 2018-03-05 插入式连接器 Pending CN108574161A (zh)

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CN103781940A (zh) * 2011-07-01 2014-05-07 泰科电子Amp有限责任公司 电接触涂层
EP2975162A1 (de) * 2014-07-18 2016-01-20 FRANZ Oberflächentechnik GmbH & Co KG Verfahren zum Schutzbeschichten eines Werkstücks

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US20180269603A1 (en) 2018-09-20

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