CN108572384A - A kind of scintillation detector measuring * ' (0.07) and * ' (3) and the detector including it - Google Patents
A kind of scintillation detector measuring * ' (0.07) and * ' (3) and the detector including it Download PDFInfo
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- CN108572384A CN108572384A CN201710137266.4A CN201710137266A CN108572384A CN 108572384 A CN108572384 A CN 108572384A CN 201710137266 A CN201710137266 A CN 201710137266A CN 108572384 A CN108572384 A CN 108572384A
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- entrance window
- scintillation detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/203—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being made of plastics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/203—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being made of plastics
- G01T1/2033—Selection of materials
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Abstract
The invention belongs to radiation detection technology fields, are related to a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector and detector including it.The scintillation detector includes the first layer entrance window for being sequentially connected arrangement, second layer entrance window, plastic scintillant, backscatterer, photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier, the scintillation photons that the first layer entrance window of detachably/opening and closing is used to be protected from light and reflection plastic scintillator generates with second layer entrance window increase the collection efficiency of photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier to scintillation photons；The fluorescence that plastic scintillant generates is transferred on the photocathode of photomultiplier by backscatterer well for preventing Beta-ray backscattering from acting on；The signal that photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier are used to measure and output radiation particle generates in plastic scintillant.The scintillation detector of the present invention of scintillation detector including the present invention can measure simultaneouslyWith
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiation detection technology fields, are related to a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector and packet
Include its detector.
Background technology
In U.S.'s Three Mile Island nuclear accident, Fukushima, Japan nuclear power plant accident, all there is staff's skin by high agent
The case where amount β is radiated and is caused skin burn.It works for Chemical Examination Material in Hospital interventional treatment, staff's eye lens can be by higher
β is radiated, and once there is a phenomenon where repeatedly because staff receives to cause cataract due to dose of radiation is excessive.With nuclear radiation protection water
Schedule has also been put in the measurement of flat raising, workplace weakly penetrating radiation.Weakly penetrating radiation harm is widely present in core work
The numerous areas such as industry, Radiation Medicine, Application of Nuclear Technology.Although since radiation is easier to shielding to reduce to personnel in many occasions
The external exposure of generation, but the personnel to work in the radiation field that weakly penetrating radiation accounts for larger share and inconvenient shielding, such as fuel member
The staff of the part workplace of part factory, reprocessing plant and nuclear power station, acra, skin and eye lens still may
It is irradiated by larger dose.Consider from personnel protection angle, for staff placeWithMonitoring is
It is required.
International Radiation Unit and Measurement Committee (ICRU) is to the definition of directional dose equivalent rate：Radiation field point is determined
It is the dosage that corresponding expansion field generates on the radius of ICRU sphere assigned directions Ω at depth d to dose equivalent H ' (d, Ω)
Equivalent.ICRU suggests that d=0.07mm is denoted as H'(0.07 respectively to the monitoring suggestion d=3mm of eye lens to weakly penetrating radiation)
And H'(3).
Currently, right in the worldWithAll lack the instrument effectively monitored, more no instrument can supervise simultaneously
It surveysWith
Invention content
The primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector, with solveWithThe technical issues of measuring simultaneously.
In order to achieve this, in the embodiment on basis, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithSudden strain of a muscle
Bright probe, the scintillation detector include the first layer entrance window for being sequentially connected arrangement, second layer entrance window, plastic scintillant,
Backscatterer, photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier,
The first layer entrance window of detachably/opening and closing (is usually packed into protection second layer entrance window；It measuresWhen be packed into make
For first layer entrance window, measureWhen unload) be used to being protected from light and reflecting the modeling with the second layer entrance window
Expect the scintillation photons that scintillator generates, increases the receipts of the photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier to scintillation photons
Collect efficiency；
The plastic scintillant for ray enter after therewith occur interaction (if enter be gamma-rays, will
Secondary electron is generated in a certain place), the energy of charged particle is absorbed, to which scintillator atom occur, the ionizing of molecule, swash
Hair, excited atom, molecule de excitation emit fluorescent photon when sending out；
The backscatterer is for preventing Beta-ray backscattering from acting on, by the fluorescence of the plastic scintillant generation
It is transferred on the photocathode of photomultiplier well；
The photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier is for measuring with output radiation particle in the modeling
The signal generated in material scintillator.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in scintillation detector further include shell, the plastic scintillant, backscatterer, photomultiplier and charge-sensitive are preposition
Amplifier is hermetically encapsulated in the shell.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in shell be aluminum hull, thickness be more than 2mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in first layer entrance window material be organic glass.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in second layer entrance window material be aluminized mylar.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in first layer entrance window density be 1.0-1.4g/cm3, mass thickness 240-340mg/cm2；The second layer enters
It is 0.8-1.2g/cm to penetrate window density3, mass thickness 3-7mg/cm2。
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in the material of plastic scintillant be that styrene adds luminescent substance, at 4230 angstroms, opposite anthracene is brilliant for emission spectrum main peak position
Body luminous efficiency is 40%, and the self absorption factor that shines is 0.04/cm, and luminescence decay time is (2-3) ns.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in plastic scintillant density be 0.8-1.2g/cm3, mass thickness 4.8-7.2mg/cm2。
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in first layer entrance window, second layer entrance window mass thickness add the plastic scintillant mass thickness half
For 240-360mg/cm2。
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in second layer entrance window mass thickness add the plastic scintillant mass thickness half be 5.6-8.4mg/
cm2。
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in backscatterer material be organic glass.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in backscatterer density be 1.0-1.4g/cm3, thickness 4-10mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector,
Described in plastic scintillant and the backscatterer between be coated with silicone oil.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector, with solveWithThe technical issues of measuring simultaneously.
In order to achieve this, in the embodiment on basis, the present invention provides a kind of measurementWithSudden strain of a muscle
Bright detector, including scintillation detector above-mentioned.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are, including the present invention scintillation detector the present invention scintillation detector can realize one
A probe is accurate simultaneously to be measuredWithPurpose, the result measured will be that radiation protection and personal protection be arranged
It applies and data support is provided.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the measurement of the illustrative present inventionWithScintillation detector structure chart.
Fig. 2 is that β rays measure in the scintillation detector of the present inventionAction principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that plastic scintillant mass thickness is 5mg/cm2When different-thickness second layer entrance window to detector energy ring
The influence diagram answered.
Fig. 4 is that plastic scintillant mass thickness is 20mg/cm2When different-thickness second layer entrance window to detector energy ring
The influence diagram answered.
Fig. 5 is that second layer entrance window mass thickness is 1mg/cm2When different-thickness plastic scintillant to detector energy
The influence diagram of response.
Fig. 6 is that second layer entrance window mass thickness is 4mg/cm2When different-thickness plastic scintillant to detector energy
The influence diagram of response.
Fig. 7 is that second layer entrance window mass thickness is 4mg/cm2When thicker plastic scintillant detector energy is responded
Influence diagram.
Fig. 8 is the influence diagram that different-thickness backscatterer responds detector energy.
Fig. 9 is plus and is not added with the influence diagram that backscatterer responds detector energy.
Figure 10 is that second layer entrance window adds and be not added with the influence diagram that aluminium layer responds detector energy.
Figure 11 is the influence diagram that detector probe shell responds detector energy.
Figure 12 is that β rays measure in the scintillation detector of the present inventionAction principle schematic diagram.
Figure 13 pollution ground β between Fuel Component Plant extraction in the applicating example of specific implementation mode measure spectrum.
Figure 14 is in the applicating example of specific implementation mode90Sr-90β measures spectrum in Y Standard Ratios field.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with attached drawing.
One, sonde configuration
The measurement of the illustrative present inventionWithScintillation detector include structure as shown in Figure 1 sudden strain of a muscle
Bright probe, the scintillation detector include (the usually loading protection second layer entrance window of probe distal end lid 6 for being sequentially connected arrangement；It surveys
AmountWhen be loaded as first layer entrance window, measureWhen unload), second layer entrance window 1, plastic scintillant 2,
Backscatterer 3 (PMMA), photomultiplier (PMT) and charge sensitive preamplifier 4 and hermetically sealed plastic scintillant
2, the aluminum shell 5 of backscatterer 3 (PMMA), photomultiplier (PMT) and charge sensitive preamplifier 4.
ForWithMonitoring, due to β radiation particularity, be easy with substance occur backscattering, therefore
Have to consider the influence of backscattering when calculating β dosage.When β rays are acted on human skin layer, tissue penetrates β
Line has significantly backscattering effect, therefore is measured in designWithScintillation detector probe when, just need
Backscatterer is added, this is a very crucial step.
The material of second layer entrance window 1 is aluminized mylar, density 1g/cm3, gross mass thickness is 4mg/cm2。
It is easy to be damaged because being arrived by foreign object stamp since second layer entrance window 1 is than relatively thin, so second layer entrance window 1 designs
For the structure that can be replaced from front end.In order to facilitate second layer entrance window 1 is replaced, aluminized mylar has been attached to a thickness 0.2mm
Aluminium ring on.Be close to plastic scintillant 2 when installation behind second layer entrance window 1, before by the cyclic annular lid of the aluminum of a thickness 1mm
Fixed, lid is fixed together by the aluminum shell 5 of screw thread and probe.In order to prevent outside light from probe front window gap into
Enter, the black rubber washer of one layer of 0.5mm thickness has been added between second layer entrance window 1 and aluminium lid.
Front end lid 6 (first layer entrance window) is designed to that plexiglass cover, organic glass density are 1.2g/cm3, quality thickness
Degree is 293mg/cm2.Front end lid 6 is embedded in aluminium ring, and entire lid can be sleeved on 1 front end of second layer entrance window.It is measuring
When to prevent first layer entrance window 6 from falling off, there are 3 tight lock screws in aluminium ring side, can fix front end lid 6 with lock screw.By
It is detachable (can be opened and closed) structure design in front end lid 6, when measurement installs the lid and can measureUnder the conditions of non-measured
The cover for protecting second layer entrance window 1 is installed；And when unloading front end lid 6, it can measure
The scintillation photons that front end lid 6 and second layer entrance window 1 are used to be protected from light and reflection plastic scintillator 2 generates, increase
The collection efficiency of photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier 4 to scintillation photons.
The material of plastic scintillant 2 is that styrene adds luminescent substance, density 1g/cm3, mass thickness 6mg/cm2。
Entrance window 1 is close in the front of plastic scintillant 2, behind be close to PMMA.
The mass thickness of front end lid 6 adds the mass thickness of second layer entrance window 1, then adds 2 mass thickness of plastic scintillant
Half be exactly equal to 300mg/cm2。
The mass thickness of second layer entrance window 1 adds the half of 2 mass thickness of plastic scintillant to be exactly equal to 7mg/cm2。
The material of PMMA is organic glass (polymethyl methacrylate), density 1.2g/cm3, thickness 5mm,.Due to
Organic glass PMMA has good tissue equivalent's property, good light transmittance, so it is for preventing Beta-ray backscattering from making
With the fluorescence that plastic scintillant 2 generates is transferred on the photocathode of PMT well.Before PMAA with 2 phase of plastic scintillant
Even, it is coated with silicone oil between the two, is close to PMT behind PMAA.
Photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier 4 are for measuring with output radiation particle in plastic scintillant 2
The signal of generation.Photomultiplier connects power connection and signal output interface with the rearmost end of charge sensitive preamplifier 4.
Aluminum shell 5 is 2mm thick, main to play a part of to protect internal material and be protected from light.
Two, measurement of the inventionWithScintillation detector design measurePrinciple
The measurement of the present inventionWithScintillation detector design measurePrinciple it is as follows.
According to the interaction of β rays and substance, measurement of the β rays in the present inventionScintillation detector in
Action principle is as shown in Figure 2.
E in Fig. 2iFor the energy of incident electron, EoThickness for the energy of outgoing electron, second layer entrance window 1 adds plastics
The half of 2 thickness of scintillator is about human skin surface layer and base layer thickness (7 mg/cm2), when on electron impact to detector,
It will appear three kinds of different situations as shown in Figure 2：
The first, which is the electronics of low energy, can not penetrate second layer entrance window 1, and electronics is completely prevented in second layer incidence
1 the inside of window, can not reach plastic scintillant 2, also just be generated certainly without signal, this part electronics is no tribute to skin dose
It offers, is that impossible penetrate human skin dead skin layer in practical situations, will not damage.
Second is that energy penetrates second layer entrance window 1 but cannot pass through plastic scintillant 2 enough.This some particles is with regard to phase
When in the dead skin layer for breaking through human skin, reaching the substrate layer of human skin, can be damaged to skin, this part institute
The dosage being subject to is the concept of a mean dose in fact, some region of mean dose of human skin is referred to, in detector
On be presented as on entire plastic scintillant 2 generate signal average value.For this reason, when calculating skin dose
It with regard to producing a problem, does not penetrate for the electronics of plastic scintillant 2 for penetrating second layer entrance window 1 exactly, calculates
It is not with electron interaction with regard to some plastic scintillant 2, this part does not have effective modeling when mean dose
Material scintillator 2 has also been averaged the signal that electronics generates on plastic scintillant 2 together, is equivalent to the part of not dose contribution
The entire dosage generated is shared equally, this will certainly be such that the calculated value of mean dose is underestimated.It is pushed away according to No. ICRU57 report
The numerical value recommended, human skin dose equivalent refer to that mass thickness is about 7mg/cm in the dosage that 0.07mm depths generate2,
7 mg/cm shown in Fig. 22The part that plastic scintillant 2 is added for the mass thickness of second layer entrance window 1, according to above-mentioned
Theory, fail to penetrate dosage caused by the electronics of this part can exist underestimate.
The third is sufficiently large for the energy of electronics, can penetrate plastic scintillant 2, reaches backscatterer 3, that is, can
The skin corium of human skin is penetrated, deep tissues are reached.This part electronics interacts with entire plastic scintillant 2, entire
Signal is generated on plastic scintillant 2.When calculating directional dose equivalent, the shadow of the concept of mean dose to this part electronics
Ring it is little because the plastic scintillant 2 for not acting on and being shared equally is not present in this part, the skin dose of electronics in this section
Result of calculation with No. ICRU57 report recommendation it is consistent.But it is anti-when should be noted that β particles with matter interaction
The influence of scattering or prodigious, it is practical to be not added with backscatterer 3 and plus backscatterer 3 be simulated calculating respectively, as a result
Difference is apparent.
Design principle establishes model according to fig. 2, and the detector under different panel detector structures is simulated to Beta-ray using MC
Characteristic of energy response, it is specific as follows：
1) influence of 1 thickness of second layer entrance window to energy response
What second layer entrance window 1 was selected is aluminized mylar, and thickness can respond detector energy and have an impact, scheme
3 give 2 mass thickness of plastic scintillant as 5mg/cm2When different-thickness second layer entrance window 1 simulation result of calculation.From figure
Whether 3 curvilinear trend can be seen that the 1 thickness increase of second layer entrance window or not, when electron energy is 0.1MeV ＜ E ＜
When 2MeV, energy response of the detector to electronics is tapered into the reduction of electron energy.When E ＜ 0.1MeV and the second layer
1 thickness of entrance window is 1mg/cm2And 4mg/cm2When, energy response of the detector to electronics increases rapidly with the reduction of electron energy
Add；When E ＜ 0.1MeV and 1 thickness of second layer entrance window are 7mg/cm2When, energy response of the detector to electronics, with electronics energy
The reduction of amount is reduced rapidly.For the electronics of E ＞ 2MeV, the thickness of second layer entrance window 1 on detector energy response influence compared with
It is small.
When plastic scintillant is thicker, the influence that 1 thickness of second layer entrance window responds detector energy is as shown in Figure 4.
As shown in Figure 4, when 2 thickness of plastic scintillant reaches 20mg/cm2When, 1 thickness of second layer entrance window is in 1mg/cm2~7mg/cm2
It is all apparent relatively low less than the electronic response of 200keV for energy in range.
According to fig. 3 with Fig. 4 analog results it is found that influence of the thickness of second layer entrance window 1 to low-energy electron is very big, with
The increase of 1 thickness of second layer entrance window, the energy response of low-energy electron taper into.For high energy electron, the second layer enters
It is substantially little to penetrate influence of the variation of 1 thickness of window to energy response.Second layer entrance window 1 is thicker, is blocked in second layer entrance window 1
The outer electronics that cannot be introduced into plastic scintillant 2 is more.Since in actually measuring, β spectrums are continuous spectrum, allow for low energy in this way
Partial electronics cannot be introduced into plastic scintillant 2, responds and is deteriorated so as to cause low energy portion of energy.But the second layer is not it
1 thickness of entrance window gets over Bao Yuehao, firstly because the photophobism of second layer entrance window 1, too thin aluminated polyester film can not be accomplished
Good photophobism；The amount that is more important measures is directional dose equivalent H'(0.07), what this amount defined is human body skin
The dead skin layer of the weakly penetrating radiation dosage of skin, human skin has certain thickness, the too low electronics of energy (about 70keV or less) to be
This layer of dead skin layer can not be penetrated, they just do not contribute skin dose naturally also, also just nonsensical to their protection
, this is the considerations of proceeding from the reality.It is seen for 1mg/cm in the result that simulation calculates2The second layer of mass thickness enters
Window 1 is penetrated, the energy response of electronics low energy part is higher, because in the reference value of the directional dose equivalent of recommendation, this portion
The dose contribution of electronics is divided not account for, so causing result higher.In short, the thickness of second layer entrance window 1 should close
Reason selection, cannot it is too thick can not be too thin, from simulation calculate result from the point of view of, 3.2-4.8mg/cm2The second layer of mass thickness
Entrance window 1 is relatively suitble to the detector measurement of this secondary design.
2) influence that 2 thickness of plastic scintillant responds detector energy
1 mass thickness of second layer entrance window is respectively 1mg/cm2And 4mg/cm2When, the plastic scintillant 2 of different-thickness is right
The influence of detector energy response is respectively as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.As can be seen from the figure plastic scintillant 2 is thicker, low energy
Partial response is poorer.2 thickness of plastic scintillant increase to scintillation photons caused by low energy beta rays be do not have it is contributive, and
The scintillation photons generated to high energy β rays are but increasing, this just makes the response of low-energy electron be deteriorated relatively.
According to analog result in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, influence of 2 thickness of plastic scintillant to low-energy electron is very big, and plastics dodge
Bright body 2 is thicker, and the energy response of low energy part electronics is poorer.Low-energy electron can not penetrate plastic scintillant 2, in plastic scintillant
The energy deposited in 2 is also non-uniform, or is only interacted with a part of plastic scintillant 2, and for directing agent
For " mean dose " this concept used in amount equivalent measurement, it will underestimate.So 2 thickness of plastic scintillant is got over
Thin, the energy response of low-energy electron is better.It can be seen that from above-mentioned result of calculation close to 3.2-4.8mg/cm2Mass thickness
Plastic scintillant 2 is optimal.
3) influence that 3 thickness of detector backscatterer responds detector energy
The influence analog result that different-thickness backscatterer 3 (PMMA) responds detector energy is as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.
It can significantly be found out by two figures, since the backscattering of β particles acts on, add the influence that backscatterer responds detector energy very
Greatly, if being not added with backscatterer, the higher β rays of energy can not just be detected directly through scintillator.Analog result is shown instead
3 thickness of scatterer, which is 5mm or 1cm, influences less detector energy response, and 3 thickness 5mm of practical backscatterer is enough.
3 thickness of backscatterer is about scene highest energy β particles (3MeV) that may be present in organic glass medium range
Half can thus so that distance is maximum of the β particles in organic glass to the β particles reflected back and forth in organic glass
Range, for the β particles less than 3MeV, the organic glass backscatterer 3 of 5mm thickness is enough.
4) influence that 1 metallized film aluminum layer thickness of detector second layer entrance window responds detector energy
Detector second layer entrance window 1 has good photophobism and tissue equivalent using this material of aluminized mylar
Property, realistic simulation calculates the influence that 1 aluminium layer of second layer entrance window responds detector energy, simulation result of calculation such as Figure 10 institutes
Show.As shown in Figure 10, aluminium layer has little effect detector energy response, the reason is that very because of aluminizer aluminum layer thickness
It is thin, it is smaller on Beta-ray influence in the aluminium layer of Nano grade, such thickness.
5) influence of probe body thickness and material to energy response
The shell of detector is also a part for design, and for β rays, the influence of shell is necessary.On the one hand it is that β is penetrated
After line enters detector, reflection and scattering may occur with enclosure, on the other hand be electromagnetic interference etc. because of outside noise
Bigger on signal code influence, so considering the thickness and material of designed enclosures herein, different-thickness material shell is to visiting
It is as shown in figure 11 to survey device energy response influence analog result.It can be seen from figure 11 that the energy response of the aluminum shell of 2mm thickness
It is most ideal.
Influence for detector of probe body and backscatterer 3 or bigger.This is all because of the anti-of β particles
Caused by scattering process, after β particles enter detector, backscattering can occur with backscatterer 3 and probe body.Due to this
A reason selects the backscatterer 3 of 5mm thickness and the aluminium shell of 2mm thickness.
To sum up, it simulates and calculates by MC, it can be deduced that the composite structure for optimization of popping one's head in is：Second layer entrance window 1 is aluminized
The thickness of polyester film is 4mg/cm2, the thickness of plastic scintillant 2 is 5mg/cm2, 3 thickness of detector backscatterer has for 5mm
Machine glass, 5 thickness of detector aluminum shell are 2mm.
Three, measurement of the inventionWithScintillation detector design measurePrinciple
According to the interaction of β rays and substance, measurement of the β rays in the present inventionScintillation detector in work
It is as shown in figure 12 with principle.
E in Figure 12iFor the energy of incident electron, EoThickness for the energy of outgoing electron, entrance window 1 adds Plastic scintillation
The half of 2 thickness of body is about human organ eye lens thickness (300mg/cm2), when on electron impact to detector, as shown in Figure 2
It will appear three kinds of different situations：
The first, which is the electronics of low energy, can not penetrate entrance window 1 and entrance window 2, and electronics is completely prevented in entrance window 1
With 2 the inside of entrance window, plastic scintillant 3 can not be reached, is also just generated certainly without signal, this part electronics is to eye lens dosage
It is not have contributive, eye lens will not be damaged.
Second is that energy penetrates entrance window 11 and entrance window 2 enough, but cannot pass through plastic scintillant 3.This part grain
Son is equivalent to break through eyes front end aqueous humor, reaches eye lens, can be damaged to eye lens, the agent suffered by this part
Amount is the concept of a mean dose in fact, refers to the mean dose in this region of human body eye lens, embodies on the detector
To generate the average value of signal on entire plastic scintillant 3.For this reason, it is just produced when calculating eye lens dosage
A problem has been given birth to, exactly for penetrating entrance window 1 and entrance window 2, and has not been penetrated for the electronics of plastic scintillant 3, has been calculated
It is not with electron interaction with regard to some plastic scintillant 3, this part does not have effective modeling when mean dose
Material scintillator 3 has also been averaged the signal that electronics generates on plastic scintillant 3 together, is equivalent to the part of not dose contribution
The entire dosage generated is shared equally, this will certainly be such that the calculated value of mean dose is underestimated.It is pushed away according to No. ICRU57 report
The numerical value recommended, human body eye lens dose equivalent refer to that mass thickness is about 300mg/cm in the dosage that 3mm depths generate2,
The 300mg/cm shown in Figure 122The half mass thickness that plastic scintillant 2 is added for the mass thickness of entrance window 1, according to upper
State theory, fail to penetrate dosage caused by the electronics of this part can exist underestimate.
The third is sufficiently large for the energy of electronics, can penetrate plastic scintillant 3, reaches backscatterer 4.This part electronics
It interacts with entire plastic scintillant 3, signal is generated on entire plastic scintillant 3.
The measurement of the present invention of aforementioned exemplaryWithFlash detection implement body measureWithExample and measurement result it is as follows：
In certain Fuel Component Plant, use is aforementionedWithMonitor pollutes ground between extractionWithIt is measured.It is not added with before detector under the conditions of lid (first layer entrance window), it is fixed when directly measuring
It is 85 μ Sv/h to Dose Equivalent Ratemeter reading；It is capped under the conditions of sub (first layer entrance window) before detector, it is fixed when directly measuring
It is 26 μ Sv/h to Dose Equivalent Ratemeter reading.Due to being mainly on pollution ground235U nucleic, the β for polluting ground measure spectrum as schemed
Shown in 13, Energy distribution with90Sr-90It is close that the β of Y β radiation fields measures spectrum (as shown in figure 14), instrument measurements amendment, can be with
Existed using the directional dose equivalent rate instrument90Sr-90Calibration factor in Y β radiation fields.It is not added with front end lid, directional dose equivalent rate
What instrument measuredWhen,90Sr-90Y β radiation field lieutenant colonel's quasi-divisors N is 1.02；Add front end lid, directional dose equivalent rate
What instrument measuredWhen,90Sr-90Y β radiation field lieutenant colonel's quasi-divisors N is 1.04.Lid (first layer is then not added with before detector
Entrance window) under the conditions of, scene directly 85 μ Sv/h of measured value are multiplied by calibration factor 1.02, and 86.7 μ Sv/h of result are just to measure
PointValue；It is capped under the conditions of sub (first layer entrance window) before detector, scene directly 26 μ Sv/h of measured value multiply
With calibration factor 1.04,27.0 μ Sv/h of result are just measurement pointValue.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
God and range.If in this way, belonging to the model of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technology to these modifications and changes of the present invention
Within enclosing, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.Above-described embodiment or embodiment are only to the present invention
For example, the present invention can also be implemented with other ad hoc fashions or other particular form, without departing from the present invention's
Main idea or substantive characteristics.Therefore, it is regarded as from the point of view of the embodiment of description is in terms of any illustrative and non-limiting.This
The range of invention should be illustrated that any variation equivalent with the intention and range of claim also should include by appended claims
Within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector, which is characterized in that the scintillation detector include connect successively
Run in before first layer entrance window, second layer entrance window, plastic scintillant, backscatterer, photomultiplier and the charge-sensitive of row
Amplifier is set,
The first layer entrance window of detachably/opening and closing is used to being protected from light and reflecting the modeling with the second layer entrance window
Expect the scintillation photons that scintillator generates, increases the receipts of the photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier to scintillation photons
Collect efficiency；
For the backscatterer for preventing Beta-ray backscattering from acting on, the fluorescence that the plastic scintillant is generated is fine
Be transferred on the photocathode of photomultiplier；
The photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier is used to measure and output radiation particle is dodged in the plastics
The signal generated in bright body.
2. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The scintillation detector further includes shell, described
Plastic scintillant, backscatterer, photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier are hermetically encapsulated in the shell.
3. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The shell is aluminum hull, and thickness is more than 2mm.
4. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The material of the first layer entrance window is organic glass
The material of glass, second layer entrance window is aluminized mylar.
5. scintillation detector according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The first layer entrance window density is 1.0-
1.4g/cm3, mass thickness 240-340mg/cm2；The second layer entrance window density is 0.8-1.2g/cm3, mass thickness
For 3-7mg/cm2。
6. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The material of the plastic scintillant adds for styrene
Luminescent substance.
7. scintillation detector according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The density of the plastic scintillant is 0.8-
1.2g/cm3, mass thickness 4.8-7.2mg/cm2。
8. scintillation detector according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The material of the backscatterer is organic glass；
The backscatterer density is 1.0-1.4g/cm3, thickness 4-10mm.
9. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The plastic scintillant and the backscatterer
Between be coated with silicone oil.
10. a kind of measurementWithScintillation detector comprising it is described in any one of claim 1-9
Scintillation detector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710137266.4A CN108572384A (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2017-03-09 | A kind of scintillation detector measuring * ' (0.07) and * ' (3) and the detector including it |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710137266.4A CN108572384A (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2017-03-09 | A kind of scintillation detector measuring * ' (0.07) and * ' (3) and the detector including it |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108572384A true CN108572384A (en) | 2018-09-25 |
Family
ID=63577702
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710137266.4A Pending CN108572384A (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2017-03-09 | A kind of scintillation detector measuring * ' (0.07) and * ' (3) and the detector including it |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN108572384A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116285985A (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-06-23 | 浙江祺跃科技有限公司 | Scintillator of secondary electron detector, preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0361883A (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1991-03-18 | Aloka Co Ltd | Dose-equivalent measuring apparatus |
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2017
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0361883A (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1991-03-18 | Aloka Co Ltd | Dose-equivalent measuring apparatus |
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| 徐树威 等: "一合塑料闪烁体β望远镜的能量刻度", 《核技术》 * |
| 毛永 等: "定向剂量当量率监测仪表的研制", 《辐射防护》 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116285985A (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-06-23 | 浙江祺跃科技有限公司 | Scintillator of secondary electron detector, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116285985B (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2024-04-19 | 浙江祺跃科技有限公司 | Scintillator of secondary electron detector, preparation method and application thereof |
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