CN108572385A - A kind of scintillation detector measuring * ' (3) and the detector including it - Google Patents
A kind of scintillation detector measuring * ' (3) and the detector including it Download PDFInfo
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- CN108572385A CN108572385A CN201710137268.3A CN201710137268A CN108572385A CN 108572385 A CN108572385 A CN 108572385A CN 201710137268 A CN201710137268 A CN 201710137268A CN 108572385 A CN108572385 A CN 108572385A
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- scintillation detector
- scintillation
- plastic scintillant
- photomultiplier
- backscatterer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/203—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being made of plastics
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Abstract
The invention belongs to radiation detection technology fields, are related to a kind of measurementScintillation detector and detector including it.The scintillation detector includes the entrance window for being sequentially connected arrangement, plastic scintillant, backscatterer, photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier, the scintillation photons that entrance window is used to be protected from light and reflection plastic scintillator generates increase the collection efficiency of photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier to scintillation photons；The fluorescence that plastic scintillant generates is transferred on the photocathode of photomultiplier by backscatterer well for preventing Beta-ray backscattering from acting on；The signal that photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier are used to measure and output radiation particle generates in plastic scintillant.The scintillation detector of the present invention of scintillation detector including the present invention can be used forAccurate measurement, solveThere is no the technical issues of apparatus measures.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiation detection technology fields, are related to a kind of measurementScintillation detector and detection including it
Device.
Background technology
Since the dose limit of eye lens is set to 150mSv/a in No. 60 reports of ICRP and 115 standards of IAEA BSS
(China's GB18871-2002 standards also use the numerical value), therefore people ignored always the prison of the radiation protection to eye lens in the past
It surveys.People are generally believed that in actual monitoring action：As long as ensureing Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) it is no more than limit value, it generally can be really
Protect the safety of eye lens.Over the past two years, the report of ICRP 118 and the new BSS standards of IAEA were by eye lens dosage Hp(3) limit value from
150mSv/a, which was reduced in 5 years, averagely must not exceed 20mSv/a, and any year must not exceed 50mSv.This important change makes pair
Eye lens Hp(3) dose monitoring and safety evaluation become especially urgent and necessary, ignore the way of eye lens dose monitoring at present
It is whether feasible, also urgently verify.In the eye lens dose limit application problem meeting that IAEA in 2012 is held, clearly propose：
" licensing holds unit should carry out relevant security evaluation work as early as possible, to determine whether staff may be by higher
Eye lens irradiates, and then formulates corresponding monitoring program ".American Electric Power research institute (EPRI) is entrusted by NRC, is being carried out
Investigation to the nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plant scene eye lens dosage and monitoring situation, to cope with the challenge of new dosage limit value.
For a crystal of human eye Hp(3) dose monitoring is brought into schedule, then workplace directional dose equivalent ratePrison
It is also required to survey.By grasping placeRadiation dose rate it is horizontal, can tentatively judge H suffered by the staff of placep
(10) dosage and Hp(3) difference of dosage estimates the H that staff about receives every yearp(3) dose value, while can provide and be
It is no to need to carry out H to staffp(3) necessity of dosage measurement.
International Radiation Unit and Measurement Committee (ICRU) is to the definition of directional dose equivalent rate：Radiation field point is determined
It is the dose equivalent that corresponding expansion field generates on the radius of ICRU sphere assigned directions at depth d to dose equivalent.ICRU
To the monitoring suggestion d=3mm of eye lens, it is denoted as.It is accurate to measure placeNumerical value, the spoke may relate to future
It penetrates and causes medicine reparation (dose reconstruction) of the diseases such as cataract etc. that all there is very big value.
Due to the past, people are right alwaysMonitoring compare ignorance, currently, on international market there is not yetMonitoring
Instrument product.
Invention content
The primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of measurementScintillation detector, with solveThere is no apparatus measures
The technical issues of.
In order to achieve this, in the embodiment on basis, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, institute
The scintillation detector stated includes the entrance window for being sequentially connected arrangement, plastic scintillant, backscatterer, photomultiplier and charge-sensitive
Preamplifier,
The entrance window is used to be protected from light and reflect the scintillation photons that the plastic scintillant generates, and increases the light
The collection efficiency of electric multiplier tube and charge sensitive preamplifier to scintillation photons；
The plastic scintillant for ray enter after therewith occur interaction (if enter be gamma-rays, will
Secondary electron is generated in a certain place), the energy of charged particle is absorbed, to which scintillator atom occur, the ionizing of molecule, swash
Hair, excited atom, molecule de excitation emit fluorescent photon when sending out；
The backscatterer is for preventing Beta-ray backscattering from acting on, by the fluorescence of the plastic scintillant generation
It is transferred on the photocathode of photomultiplier well；
The photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier is for measuring with output radiation particle in the modeling
The signal generated in material scintillator.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein the sudden strain of a muscle
Bright probe further includes shell, the plastic scintillant, backscatterer, photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier sealing
It is encapsulated in the shell.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein described is outer
Shell is aluminum hull, and thickness is more than 2mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein described enters
The material for penetrating window is that aluminized mylar adds organic glass.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein described enters
It is 0.8-1.2g/cm to penetrate window aluminized mylar density3, mass thickness 3-7mg/cm2；Organic glass density is 1.0-1.4g/
cm3, mass thickness 240-340mg/cm2。
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein the modeling
Expect that the material of scintillator is that styrene adds luminescent substance, emission spectrum main peak position is at 4230 angstroms, opposite anthracene crystallo-luminescence effect
Rate is 40%, and the self absorption factor that shines is 0.04/cm, and luminescence decay time is (2-3) ns.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein the modeling
Expect that the density of scintillator is 0.8-1.2g/cm3, mass thickness 8-12mg/cm2。
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein described enters
The mass thickness for penetrating window adds the half of the mass thickness of the plastic scintillant to be 250-350mg/cm2。
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein described is anti-
The material of scatterer is organic glass.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein described is anti-
Scatter density is 1.0-1.4g/cm3, thickness 4-10mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector, wherein the modeling
It is coated with silicone oil between material scintillator and the backscatterer.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measurementScintillation detector, with solveThere is no instrument
The technical issues of measurement.
In order to achieve this, in the embodiment on basis, the present invention provides a kind of measurementScintillation detector,
It includes scintillation detector above-mentioned.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are, including the present invention scintillation detector the present invention scintillation detector can be used forAccurate measurement, solveThere is no the technical issues of apparatus measures.By grasping placeDosage rate water
It is flat, it can tentatively judge H suffered by the staff of placep(10) dosage and Hp(3) difference of dosage, it is big every year to estimate staff
The H about receivedp(3) dose value, while whether staff is needed to carry out Hp(3) dose monitoring provides data and supports.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the measurement of the illustrative present inventionScintillation detector structure chart.
Fig. 2 is measurement of the β rays in the present inventionScintillation detector in action principle schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with attached drawing.
One, sonde configuration
The measurement of the illustrative present inventionScintillation detector include structure as shown in Figure 1 scintillation detector, the sudden strain of a muscle
Bright probe includes the entrance window 1 for being sequentially connected arrangement, plastic scintillant 2, backscatterer 3 (PMMA), photomultiplier (PMT)
With charge sensitive preamplifier 4, hermetically sealed plastic scintillant 2, backscatterer 3 (PMMA), photomultiplier (PMT) and electricity
The aluminum shell 5 of lotus sensitive preamplifier 4, probe front window protection cap 6.
ForMonitoring, what is mainly measured is high energy β rays (800keV or more) and gamma-rays, due to the spy of β radiation
Different property is easy that backscattering occurs with substance, therefore has to when calculating β dosage to consider the influence of backscattering, β rays and
When human skin layer acts on, tissue has significantly backscattering effect to β rays, therefore is measured in designSudden strain of a muscle
When the probe of bright detector, it is necessary to backscatterer be added, this is a very crucial step.
The material of entrance window 1 is that aluminized mylar adds organic glass, and wherein aluminized mylar density is 1.2g/
cm3, mass thickness 5mg/cm2；Organic glass density is 1.0g/cm3, mass thickness 295mg/cm2.Entrance window 1 is used for
The scintillation photons that simultaneously reflection plastic scintillator 2 generates are protected from light, increase photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier 4 to flicker
The collection efficiency of photon.
The material of plastic scintillant 2 is density 1.03g/cm3, mass thickness 10mg/cm2, after entering for ray
Interaction (if what is entered is gamma-rays, secondary electron will be generated in a certain place) occurs therewith, absorbs charged particle
Energy, to which ionization, the excitation of scintillator atom, molecule occur, excited atom, molecule de excitation emit fluorescent photon when sending out.Modeling
Entrance window 1 is close in material scintillator 2 front, behind be close to PMMA.
The mass thickness of entrance window 1 adds the half of 2 mass thickness of plastic scintillant to be exactly equal to 300 mg/cm2。
The material of PMMA is organic glass (polymethyl methacrylate), density 1.2g/cm3, thickness 5mm.Due to
Organic glass PMMA has good tissue equivalent's property, good light transmittance, so it is for preventing Beta-ray backscattering from making
With the fluorescence that plastic scintillant 2 generates is transferred on the photocathode of PMT well.Before PMAA with 2 phase of plastic scintillant
Even, it is coated with silicone oil between the two, is close to PMT behind PMAA.
Photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier 4 are for measuring with output radiation particle in plastic scintillant 2
The signal of generation.Photomultiplier connects power connection and signal output interface with the rearmost end of charge sensitive preamplifier 4.
Aluminum shell 5 is 2mm thick, main to play a part of to protect internal material and be protected from light.
Probe front window protection cap 6 is placed in before entrance window 1, and material is the aluminium that thickness is more than 0.5mm, and effect is to prevent from carrying
Period accidentally scratches the aluminized mylar on 1 surface of entrance window.If the aluminized mylar on 1 surface of entrance window is scratched,
Because detector light leakage damages photomultiplier when can cause to measure.It measuresWhen need from probe front take probe front window
Protection cap 6.
Two, measurement of the inventionScintillation detector design measurePrinciple
The measurement of the present inventionScintillation detector design principle it is as follows.
According to the interaction of β rays and substance, measurement of the β rays in the present inventionScintillation detector in work
It is as shown in Figure 2 with principle.
E in Fig. 2iFor the energy of incident electron, EoThickness for the energy of outgoing electron, entrance window 1 adds plastic scintillant
The half of 2 thickness is about human organ eye lens thickness (300mg/cm2), when on electron impact to detector, meeting as shown in Figure 2
There are three kinds of different situations：
The first, which is the electronics of low energy, can not penetrate entrance window 1, and electronics is completely prevented in 1 the inside of entrance window, can not
Reach plastic scintillant 2, certainly also just without signal generate, this part electronics to eye lens dosage be do not have it is contributive, will not
Eye lens is damaged.
Second is that energy penetrates entrance window 1 but cannot pass through plastic scintillant 2 enough.This some particles is equivalent to wear
Eyes front end aqueous humor thoroughly, reaches eye lens, can be damaged to eye lens, the dosage suffered by this part is one in fact
The concept of mean dose, refers to the mean dose in this region of human body eye lens, is presented as on the detector in entire plastics
The average value of signal is generated on scintillator 2.For this reason, one is just produced when calculating eye lens dosage to ask
Topic does not penetrate for the electronics of plastic scintillant 2 for penetrating entrance window 1 exactly, when calculating mean dose, just there is one
Partly plastic scintillator 2 is not with electron interaction, this part does not have effective plastic scintillant 2 average together yet
The signal that electronics generates on plastic scintillant 2, the part for being equivalent to not dose contribution have shared the entire dosage generated equally,
This will certainly be such that the calculated value of mean dose is underestimated.According to the recommended numerical value of No. ICRU57 report, human body eye lens agent
Amount equivalent refers to that mass thickness is about 300mg/cm in the dosage that 3mm depths generate2, the 300mg/cm that shows in Fig. 22For
The mass thickness of entrance window 1 fails to penetrate this part plus the half mass thickness of plastic scintillant 2 according to above-mentioned theory
Dosage caused by electronics, which can exist, to be underestimated.
The third is sufficiently large for the energy of electronics, can penetrate plastic scintillant 2, reaches backscatterer 3.This part electronics
It interacts with entire plastic scintillant 2, signal is generated on entire plastic scintillant 2.
Utilize the measurement of the present invention of above-mentioned exampleScintillation detector measureExample and measure knot
Fruit is as follows：
Certain nuclear fuel element factory, use are aforementionedMonitor, to the fuel original paper surface of platoon leader's operationInto
Measurement is gone, instrument readings are 1.21mSv/h when directly measuring.β in conjunction with the fuel original paper of platoon leader's operation measures spectrum it is found that combustion
The β rays ceiling capacity of material original paper transmitting is up to 2.3MeV, the standard source used with calibration directional dose equivalent rate instrument90Sr-90Y
The β range of energy distribution of transmitting is consistent.According toMonitor exists90Sr-90Y β radiation field lieutenant colonel's quasi-divisors N is 0.97, then
The direct measured value 1.21mSv/h of fuel original paper is multiplied by calibration factor 0.97, obtains the contribution of measurement point β raysMost terminate
Fruit is 1.17 mSv/h.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
God and range.If in this way, belonging to the model of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technology to these modifications and changes of the present invention
Within enclosing, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.Above-described embodiment or embodiment are only to the present invention
For example, the present invention can also be implemented with other ad hoc fashions or other particular form, without departing from the present invention's
Main idea or substantive characteristics.Therefore, it is regarded as from the point of view of the embodiment of description is in terms of any illustrative and non-limiting.This
The range of invention should be illustrated that any variation equivalent with the intention and range of claim also should include by appended claims
Within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of measurementScintillation detector, which is characterized in that the scintillation detector includes being sequentially connected entering for arrangement
Window, plastic scintillant, backscatterer, photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier are penetrated,
The scintillation photons that the entrance window point is generated for being protected from light and reflecting the plastic scintillant, increase the photoelectricity
The collection efficiency of multiplier tube and charge sensitive preamplifier to scintillation photons；
For the backscatterer for preventing Beta-ray backscattering from acting on, the fluorescence that the plastic scintillant is generated is fine
Be transferred on the photocathode of photomultiplier；
The photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier is used to measure and output radiation particle is dodged in the plastics
The signal generated in bright body.
2. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The scintillation detector further includes shell, described
Plastic scintillant, backscatterer, photomultiplier and charge sensitive preamplifier are hermetically encapsulated in the shell.
3. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The shell is aluminum hull, and thickness is more than 2mm.
4. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The material of the entrance window is aluminized mylar
Add organic glass.
5. scintillation detector according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The entrance window aluminized mylar density is
0.8-1.2g/cm3, mass thickness 3-7mg/cm2；Organic glass density is 1.0-1.4g/cm3, mass thickness 240-
340mg/cm2。
6. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The material of the plastic scintillant adds for styrene
Luminescent substance.
7. scintillation detector according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The density of the plastic scintillant is 0.8-
1.2g/cm3, mass thickness 8-12mg/cm2。
8. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The material of the backscatterer is organic glass,
Density is 1.0-1.4g/cm3, thickness 4-10mm.
9. scintillation detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The plastic scintillant and the backscatterer
Between be coated with silicone oil.
10. a kind of measurementScintillation detector comprising scintillation detector described in any one of claim 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710137268.3A CN108572385A (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2017-03-09 | A kind of scintillation detector measuring * ' (3) and the detector including it |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710137268.3A CN108572385A (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2017-03-09 | A kind of scintillation detector measuring * ' (3) and the detector including it |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112912771A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-06-04 | 赛默飞世尔科学测量技术有限公司 | Radiation detector comprising an organic scintillator |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204945386U (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2016-01-06 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Eye lens personal dosimeter |
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2017
- 2017-03-09 CN CN201710137268.3A patent/CN108572385A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204945386U (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2016-01-06 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Eye lens personal dosimeter |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
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| 刘立业等: "蒙特卡罗方法研究塑料闪烁探测器加权积分法测量H′(0.07)", 《核电子学与探测技术》 * |
| 徐树威 等: "一合塑料闪烁体β望远镜的能量刻度", 《核技术》 * |
| 毛永 等: "定向剂量当量率监测仪表的研制", 《辐射防护》 * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112912771A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-06-04 | 赛默飞世尔科学测量技术有限公司 | Radiation detector comprising an organic scintillator |
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