CN108569934A - A kind of water-soluble fertilizer formula and soilless culture method of huge pumpkin soilless culture - Google Patents
A kind of water-soluble fertilizer formula and soilless culture method of huge pumpkin soilless culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN108569934A CN108569934A CN201810710821.2A CN201810710821A CN108569934A CN 108569934 A CN108569934 A CN 108569934A CN 201810710821 A CN201810710821 A CN 201810710821A CN 108569934 A CN108569934 A CN 108569934A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to Crop fertilizer preparing technical fields, a kind of water-soluble fertilizer formula and soilless culture method of huge pumpkin soilless culture are provided, the water-soluble fertilizer formula is mainly made of matrix and nutrient solution, and matrix is made of raw materials such as organic fertilizer, shredded coconut meat, mushroom residue, bagasse, water-retaining agent, apple of Peru and oleander powder；Nutrient solution is made of nitre with raw materials such as calcium, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, chelated iron, triacontanol, bleeding agent, microorganism formulation, castor bean extracting solution, tomato extracting solution, marguerite leaf extract, Soybean Root leaf extract, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution, inular flower extracting solution, Artemisia scoparia extracting solution, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solutions；And by seedling management, field planting management, water and fertilizer management, training stay it is climing, select fruit position and pest management and etc. cultivation.The matrix and nutrient solution prescription are scientific and reasonable, reduce pest and disease damage and Weed infestation, and absorption of the crop to nutriment, fast growing is promoted to improve survival rate and yield, safety and environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Crop fertilizer preparing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Water soluble fertilizer of huge pumpkin soilless culture
Formula and soilless culture method.
Background technology
Soilless culture is a kind of to be carried using the nutrient solution containing growth and development of plants indispensable element without natural soil
For nutrition, plant is made to normally complete the cultivation technique of whole life cycle.Using nutrient solution irrigating plant, entire growth period need not
Worry vegetables nutritional deficiency, is the developing direction of the future of agriculture.There are many matrix species for soilless culture.Can according to local matrix come
Source is selected to adaptation to local conditions, and selects the material that abundant raw material is easy to get, is cheap, physicochemical character is good as no soil as possible
The matrix of cultivation reduces the high-yield culturing effect that production cost can obtain again, realizes that single melon weighs to hundreds of jin of levels.At present
Soilless culture the nutritional ingredient that provides to crop of water-soluble fertilizer formula it is insufficient, and be only to provide nutrition, without others work(
Can, nutrition is single, has a single function, therefore slow with the plant growth that the water-soluble fertilizer formula of the above soilless culture is cultivated, pest and disease damage
More, survival rate is not high, and yield is not high, causes economic benefit low, cannot meet the needs of people's low cost high profit.Therefore it prepares
It is a kind of full of nutrition, it is vdiverse in function, it is at low cost, and the water-soluble fertilizer formula of the soilless culture of crop yield raising is made to compel as people
The demand cut.
Invention content
The goal of the invention of the present invention is：In view of the above problems, a kind of water of huge pumpkin soilless culture is provided
Molten fertilizer formula and soilless culture method, the matrix and nutrient solution prescription of soilless culture base are scientific and reasonable, have sterilization, desinsection and remove
Grass and other effects, effectively reduces pest and disease damage and Weed infestation, promotes absorption of the crop to nutriment, enhancing development, significantly
The maximum single fruit weight for improving pumpkin shoot survival percent and pumpkin, substantially increases pumpkin yield, reduces chemicals and chemistry
The utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces cost, and to significantly improve the economic benefit of pumpkin soilless culture, and soilless culture method is simply easy
Operation, safety and environmental protection.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture, the water-soluble fertilizer formula are mainly made of matrix and nutrient solution,
Wherein, the matrix is mainly made of following raw material：50-70 parts of peat, 20-40 parts of organic fertilizer, 3-7 parts of perlite,
2-4 parts of 3-7 parts of shredded coconut meat, 5-7 parts of mushroom residue, 5-7 parts of bagasse, 1-3 parts of water-retaining agent, 2-4 parts of apple of Peru and oleander powder；
The nutrient solution is mainly made of following mass concentration raw material：Nitre with calcium 800-900mg L, potassium nitrate 350-
450mg L, magnesium sulfate 250-350mg L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 100-200mg L, chelated iron 10-20mg L, triacontanol 10-
20mg L, boric acid 3-7mg L, zinc sulfate 0.2-0.5mg L, manganese sulfate 2-4mg L, copper sulphate 0.05-0.1mg L, ammonium molybdate
0.01-0.03 mg L, bleeding agent 0.1-0.3mg L, microorganism formulation 0.1-0.3mg L, castor bean extracting solution 150-250g
L, tomato extracting solution 100-200g L, marguerite leaf extract 200-300g L, Soybean Root leaf extract 250-300g L, shaggy-fruited dittany
Skin extracting solution 200-300g L, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution 150-200g L, inular flower extracting solution 150-250g L, Artemisia scoparia extraction
Liquid 250-300 g L, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution 100-150g L.
Preferably, the matrix is mainly made of following raw material：60 parts of peat, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, perlite 5
Part, 5 parts of shredded coconut meat, 6 parts of mushroom residue, 6 parts of bagasse, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 3 parts of apple of Peru and 3 parts of oleander powder.
Preferably, the nutrient solution is mainly made of following mass concentration raw material：Nitre with calcium 8,50mg L, potassium nitrate
400mg L, magnesium sulfate 300mg L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg L, chelated iron 15mg L, triacontanol 15mg L, boric acid 5mg
L, zinc sulfate 0.35mg L, manganese sulfate 3mg L, copper sulphate 0.07mg L, ammonium molybdate 0.02mg L, bleeding agent 0.2mg L, micro- life
Object preparation 0.2mg L, castor bean extracting solution 200g L, tomato extracting solution 150g L, marguerite leaf extract 250g L, Soybean Root
Leaf extract 270g L, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution 250g L, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution 170g L, inular flower extracting solution 200g L, pig hair
Wormwood artemisia extracting solution 270g L, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution 130g L.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent includes that polyacrylic acid potassium, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose graft acrylamide, flyash are multiple
Close one or more mixing composition in Sodium Polyacrylate and polypropylene cyanogen.
Preferably, the bleeding agent includes aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, dioctyl amber
One or more mixing composition in sour sodium, Siloxane-Oxyalkylene Copolymers.
Preferably, the microorganism formulation is that quality will be waited than fluorescent pseudomonas, bacillus, rhizobium, Jingyang chain
In mould, mycorrhizal fungi, azotobacter vinelandii and Paecilomyces lilacinus one or more mixing composition, and with gum arabic and sea
Mosanom carries out embedding treatment after stirring evenly and is made.
Preferably, the concentration EC values of the nutrient solution are 3-5, be added when use account for 2-3 times of water of nutrient solution volume into
Row dilution.
The soilless culture method of huge pumpkin as described above, specifically includes following steps：
(1) seedling management：After presprouting of seeds, field planting carries out nursery in 10-13 × 13-15 centimeters of plastic cup, protects
Held in ring border is in the range of 20 DEG C -30 DEG C；
(2) field planting management：By 1-2 × 7-9 meters of seeding row spacing, length and width, deep each 1 meter of cultivation pit are deep-cut, above-mentioned deployed
Matrix filling cultivation pit in, when the seedling of step (1) is grown to 21 core of leaf, be transplanted in cultivation pit；
(3) water and fertilizer management：Field planting starts to carry out pouring leaching with above-mentioned prepared nutrient solution in the latter week；Early period branches and leaves
Few, every plant is poured 25-35 jins of nutrient solutions of leaching every time；55-65 jins of nutrient solutions of leaching were poured every time for every plant, after transplanting two weeks every 5-7 days
Pour one time of nutrition liquid；
(4) training is stayed climing：Laissez-faire growth is carried out before staying fruit, single-strain blade number is made to reach 80-120 pieces；To each when staying steady fruit
Lateral bine and main stem topping, make growth center of gravity be transferred to swollen fruit and come up；
(5) fruit is selected to position：When main stem is grown to 5-6 meters, 35-45 days after field planting, you can carry out staying fruit in main stem；Start to stay
The young fruit born before fruit is unified to be extractd, and every female flower is pollinated 2-3 male flower, and action is slight when operation, avoid scratching column cap,
Pollination time at the morning 10 before complete；Continuously pollination 2-3 melon, when fruit grows to ball rugby size implementation select it is excellent stay melon,
It selects and remain a melon that fruit shape is uniform, base of fruit is sharp to retain, remaining excision；
(6) pest management：Medicine integrated control of spray per 5-7 days.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, soilless culture substrate of the invention is mainly by peat, organic fertilizer, perlite, shredded coconut meat, mushroom residue, bagasse, guarantor
The composition of raw materials such as aqua, apple of Peru and oleander powder are made, and have many advantages, such as that light weight, aeration are high, water-retaining property is high, and seek
It supports and enriches, apple of Peru and oleander powder are added in matrix, have the function of sterilization and disinsection, can effectively prevent in matrix and be harmful to
Bacterium worm reduces harm of the harmful bacteria worm to crop, reduces the utilization rate of chemical pesticide, significantly improve crop survival rate, improves production
Amount reduces cost, improves pumpkin economic benefit.
2, nutrient solution described in soilless culture of the invention is mainly by nitre with calcium, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, chela
Close iron, triacontanol, boric acid, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate, ammonium molybdate, bleeding agent, microorganism formulation, castor bean extraction
Liquid, tomato extracting solution, marguerite leaf extract, Soybean Root leaf extract, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution, inular flower
The raw materials such as extracting solution, Artemisia scoparia extracting solution, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution are made, and contain whole nutrition member needed for the growth of huge pumpkin
Element, the quantitative proportion of each nutrient meet the requirement of huge pumpkin growth and development, and abundant and comprehensive battalion is provided for crop
The phenomenon that forming point, crop effectively prevented to cause yield to decline because of the missing of element；Wherein, triacontanol is to plant
Interior three cause most of intermediate product in acid cycle and glycolytic pathway have facilitation, influence organism enzyme generation and
A series of enzymatic reactions are reinforced, and to promote the metabolism of body, effectively facilitate crop growth；Castor bean extracting solution,
Provide not only abundant nutritional ingredient in tomato extracting solution, marguerite leaf extract and Soybean Root leaf extract, at the same containing by
Abundant agglutinin can identify and be aggregated rhizobium, and rhizobium is made to promote cell division to form root nodule convenient for intrusion crop root,
To promote the nitrogen fixation of crop root, abundant nitrogen source is provided for crop, effectively improves plant growth speed, reduces nitrogen source
Rate of application reduces cost of material；It lives containing abundant desinsection in root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution and inular flower extracting solution
Property ingredient, to pest germ have strong poisoning, food refusal and inhibit breeding and population formed, effectively reduce pest and disease damage, improve
Survival rate reduces Pesticide use, safety and environmental protection；Contain the activity for inhibiting weeds in Artemisia scoparia extracting solution and Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution
Ingredient effectively inhibits weed growth development, reduces weeds and fights for nutrient, to promote crop fast-growth；Bleeding agent can be effective
Promote nutrient solution in the osmosis of crop surface, improve the utilization rate of nutrient solution, promotes absorption of the crop to nutrient；Microorganism
The metabolite that preparation generates has the effects that certain dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium, decomposing organic matter, fixed nitrogen, inhibits harmful bacteria, effectively subtracts
Lack pest and disease damage and provides abundant nutrient for effect；Nutrient solution prescription is scientific and reasonable made of these substances, effectively reduces disease pest
Evil and Weed infestation promote absorption of the crop to nutriment, enhancing development, the speed of growth to greatly improve, significantly improve
The maximum single fruit weight of pumpkin shoot survival percent and pumpkin, substantially increases pumpkin yield, reduces chemicals and chemical fertilizer
Utilization rate, cost is reduced, to significantly improve the economic benefit of pumpkin soilless culture.
3, the matrix and nutrient solution compatibility that soilless culture method of the invention uses are suitable, and formula is simple, easy to use, energy
Meet the nutritional need of pumpkin incubation, promote growth, improves pumpkin yield, promote economic development, easy to operate, safety collar
It protects.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described embodiment is only
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technologies and scientific terms used here by the article and belong to the technical field of the present invention
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Used term is intended merely to description tool in the description of the invention herein
The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.Term " and or " used herein includes one or more phases
Any and all combinations of the Listed Items of pass.
Embodiment 1
1, the water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture
A kind of water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture, the water-soluble fertilizer formula are mainly made of matrix and nutrient solution,
The matrix is mainly made of following raw material：50 parts of peat, 20 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of perlite, 3 parts of shredded coconut meat, mushroom residue
2 parts of 5 parts, 5 parts of bagasse, 1 part of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of apple of Peru and oleander powder；Wherein, the water-retaining agent includes polyacrylic acid
Potassium.
The nutrient solution is mainly made of following mass concentration raw material：Nitre with calcium 800mg L, potassium nitrate 350mg L, sulfuric acid
Magnesium 250mg L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 100mg L, chelated iron 10mg L, triacontanol 10mg L, boric acid 3mg L, zinc sulfate
0.2mg L, manganese sulfate 2mg L, copper sulphate 0.05mg L, ammonium molybdate 0.01mg L, bleeding agent 0.1mg L, microorganism formulation
0.1mg L, castor bean extracting solution 150g L, tomato extracting solution 100g L, marguerite leaf extract 200g L, Soybean Root leaf extraction
Liquid 250g L, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution 200g L, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution 150g L, inular flower extracting solution 150g L, Artemisia scoparia extraction
Liquid 250g L, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution 100g L；
Wherein, the bleeding agent includes aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether；
The microorganism formulation is to carry out embedding treatment after stirring evenly rhizobium and gum arabic and sodium alginate
It is made.
The concentration and application method of the nutrient solution：The concentration EC values of the nutrient solution are 3；It is added when use and accounts for nutrient liquid
2 times long-pending of water is diluted rear and can be used.
2, the soilless culture of huge pumpkin
The Water soluble fertilizer of the huge pumpkin soilless culture made from above-mentioned formula is used for the soilless culture of huge pumpkin, specifically
Include the following steps：
(1) seedling management：After presprouting of seeds, field planting carries out nursery in 10 × 13 centimeters of plastic cup, keeps environment
In the range of 20 DEG C；
(2) field planting management：By 1 × 7 meter of seeding row spacing, length and width, deep each 1 meter of cultivation pit are deep-cut, above-mentioned deployed base
Matter is inserted in cultivation pit, when the seedling of step (1) is grown to 21 core of leaf, is transplanted in cultivation pit；
(3) water and fertilizer management：Field planting starts to carry out pouring leaching with above-mentioned prepared nutrient solution in the latter week；Early period branches and leaves
Few, every plant is poured 25 jin of nutrient solutions of leaching every time；55 jin of nutrient solutions of leaching are poured every time for every plant, primary battalion was poured every 5 days after transplanting two weeks
Nutrient solution；
(4) training is stayed climing：Laissez-faire growth is carried out before staying fruit, single-strain blade number is made to reach 80；To each lateral bine when staying steady fruit
It pinches with main stem, so that growth center of gravity is transferred to swollen fruit and come up；
(5) fruit is selected to position：When main stem is grown to 5 meters, 35 days after field planting, you can carry out staying fruit in main stem；Start to stay fruit it
Before the young fruit born is unified extracts, every female flower is pollinated 2 male flowers, and action is slight when operation, avoids scratching column cap, when pollination
Between at the morning 10 before complete；Continuously pollination 2 melons, when fruit grows to ball rugby size carry out select it is excellent stay melon, select and remain one
The melon that fruit shape is uniform, base of fruit is sharp retains, remaining excision；
(6) pest management：The medicine integrated control of spray in every 5 days.
Embodiment 2
1, the water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture
A kind of water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture, the water-soluble fertilizer formula are mainly made of matrix and nutrient solution,
The matrix is mainly made of following raw material：60 parts of peat, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 5 parts of perlite, 5 parts of shredded coconut meat, mushroom residue
3 parts of 6 parts, 6 parts of bagasse, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 3 parts of apple of Peru and oleander powder；
Wherein, the water-retaining agent includes polyacrylic acid potassium and cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose graft acrylamide mixing composition.
The nutrient solution is mainly made of following mass concentration raw material：Nitre with calcium 850mg L, potassium nitrate 400mg L, sulfuric acid
Magnesium 300mg L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg L, chelated iron 15mg L, triacontanol 15mg L, boric acid 5mg L, zinc sulfate
0.35mg L, manganese sulfate 3mg L, copper sulphate 0.07mg L, ammonium molybdate 0.02mg L, bleeding agent 0.2mg L, microorganism formulation
0.2mg L, castor bean extracting solution 200g L, tomato extracting solution 150g L, marguerite leaf extract 250g L, Soybean Root leaf extraction
Liquid 270g L, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution 250g L, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution 170g L, inular flower extracting solution 200g L, Artemisia scoparia extraction
Liquid 270g L, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution 130g L；
Wherein, the bleeding agent includes castor oil polyoxyethylene ether and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate mixing composition；
The microorganism formulation is that the fluorescent pseudomonas that will wait mass ratioes, bacillus and mycorrhizal fungi mixing form,
And it carries out embedding treatment after being stirred evenly with gum arabic and sodium alginate and is made.
The concentration and application method of the nutrient solution：The concentration EC values of the nutrient solution are 4；It is added when use and accounts for nutrient liquid
2.5 times long-pending of water is diluted rear and can be used.
2, the soilless culture of huge pumpkin
The Water soluble fertilizer of the huge pumpkin soilless culture made from above-mentioned formula is used for the soilless culture of huge pumpkin, specifically
Include the following steps：
(1) seedling management：After presprouting of seeds, field planting carries out nursery in 12 × 14 centimeters of plastic cup, keeps environment
In the range of 25 DEG C；
(2) field planting management：By 1.5 × 8 meters of seeding row spacing, length and width, deep each 1 meter of cultivation pit are deep-cut, above-mentioned deployed
Matrix is inserted in cultivation pit, when the seedling of step (1) is grown to 21 core of leaf, is transplanted in cultivation pit；
(3) water and fertilizer management：Field planting starts to carry out pouring leaching with above-mentioned prepared nutrient solution in the latter week；Early period branches and leaves
Few, every plant is poured 30 jin of nutrient solutions of leaching every time；60 jin of nutrient solutions of leaching are poured every time for every plant, primary battalion was poured every 6 days after transplanting two weeks
Nutrient solution；
(4) training is stayed climing：Laissez-faire growth is carried out before staying fruit, single-strain blade number is made to reach 100；To each lateral bine when staying steady fruit
It pinches with main stem, so that growth center of gravity is transferred to swollen fruit and come up；
(5) fruit is selected to position：When main stem is grown to 5.5 meters, 40 days after field planting, you can carry out staying fruit in main stem；Start to stay fruit
The young fruit born before is unified to be extractd, and every female flower is pollinated 3 male flowers, and action is slight when operation, avoid scratching column cap, pollination
Time at the morning 10 before complete；Continuously pollination 3 melons, when fruit grows to ball rugby size carry out select it is excellent stay melon, select and remain one
The melon that a fruit shape is uniform, base of fruit is sharp retains, remaining excision；
(6) pest management：The medicine integrated control of spray in every 6 days.
Embodiment 3
1, the water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture
A kind of water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture, the water-soluble fertilizer formula are mainly made of matrix and nutrient solution,
The matrix is mainly made of following raw material：70 parts of peat, 40 parts of organic fertilizer, 7 parts of perlite, 7 parts of shredded coconut meat, mushroom residue
4 parts of 7 parts, 7 parts of bagasse, 3 parts of water-retaining agent, 4 parts of apple of Peru and oleander powder；
Wherein, the water-retaining agent includes that polyacrylic acid potassium, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose graft acrylamide, flyash are compound
Sodium Polyacrylate and polypropylene cyanogen mixing composition.
The nutrient solution is mainly made of following mass concentration raw material：Nitre with calcium 900mg L, potassium nitrate 450mg L, sulfuric acid
Magnesium 350mg L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 200mg L, chelated iron 20mg L, triacontanol 20mg L, boric acid 7mg L, zinc sulfate
0.5mg L, manganese sulfate 4mg L, copper sulphate 0.1mg L, ammonium molybdate 0.03mg L, bleeding agent 0.3mg L, microorganism formulation
0.3mg L, castor bean extracting solution 250g L, tomato extracting solution 200g L, marguerite leaf extract 300g L, Soybean Root leaf extraction
Liquid 300g L, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution 300g L, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution 200g L, inular flower extracting solution 250g L, Artemisia scoparia extraction
Liquid 300g L, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution 150g L；
Wherein, the bleeding agent includes aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, dioctyl succinic acid
Sodium, Siloxane-Oxyalkylene Copolymers mixing composition；
The microorganism formulation be the fluorescent pseudomonas that will wait mass ratioes, bacillus, rhizobium, Streptomyces jingyangensis,
Mycorrhizal fungi, azotobacter vinelandii and Paecilomyces lilacinus mixing composition, and stir evenly with gum arabic and sodium alginate laggard
Row embedding treatment is made.
The concentration and application method of the nutrient solution：The concentration EC values of the nutrient solution are 5；It is added when use and accounts for nutrient liquid
3 times long-pending of water is diluted rear and can be used.
2, the soilless culture of huge pumpkin
The Water soluble fertilizer of the huge pumpkin soilless culture made from above-mentioned formula is used for the soilless culture of huge pumpkin, specifically
Include the following steps：
(1) seedling management：After presprouting of seeds, field planting carries out nursery in 13 × 15 centimeters of plastic cup, keeps environment
In the range of 30 DEG C；
(2) field planting management：By 2 × 9 meters of seeding row spacing, length and width, deep each 1 meter of cultivation pit are deep-cut, above-mentioned deployed base
Matter is inserted in cultivation pit, when the seedling of step (1) is grown to 21 core of leaf, is transplanted in cultivation pit；
(3) water and fertilizer management：Field planting starts to carry out pouring leaching with above-mentioned prepared nutrient solution in the latter week；Early period branches and leaves
Few, every plant is poured 35 jin of nutrient solutions of leaching every time；65 jin of nutrient solutions of leaching are poured every time for every plant, primary battalion was poured every 7 days after transplanting two weeks
Nutrient solution；
(4) training is stayed climing：Laissez-faire growth is carried out before staying fruit, single-strain blade number is made to reach 120；To each lateral bine when staying steady fruit
It pinches with main stem, so that growth center of gravity is transferred to swollen fruit and come up；
(5) fruit is selected to position：When main stem is grown to 6 meters, 45 days after field planting, you can carry out staying fruit in main stem；Start to stay fruit it
Before the young fruit born is unified extracts, every female flower is pollinated 3 male flowers, and action is slight when operation, avoids scratching column cap, when pollination
Between at the morning 10 before complete；Continuously pollination 3 melons, when fruit grows to ball rugby size carry out select it is excellent stay melon, select and remain one
The melon that fruit shape is uniform, base of fruit is sharp retains, remaining excision；
(6) pest management：The medicine integrated control of spray in every 7 days.
1, the contrast test of matrix is made in the embodiment of the present application 1-3
Test method：The pumpkin seedlings that applicant takes upgrowth situation the same are divided equally in groups, and are transplanted to the embodiment of the present invention
Soilless culture is carried out in soilless culture substrate made from 1-3 and comparative example 1-3, with pumpkin growth result harvest for a period, often
Its observation pumpkin growing state and final pumpkin weight, experimental result are as shown in table 1.
Blank group：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and conventional soilless culture is carried out.
Comparative example 1：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in soilless culture substrate, and the primary raw material of the soilless culture substrate is mud
Charcoal, organic fertilizer and perlite, pour the conventional nutrient solution of leaching, and other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 2：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in soilless culture substrate, and the primary raw material of the soilless culture substrate is organic
Fertilizer, water-retaining agent, apple of Peru and oleander powder, pour the conventional nutrient solution of leaching, and other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 3：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in soilless culture substrate, and the primary raw material of the soilless culture substrate is organic
Fertilizer, shredded coconut meat, mushroom residue and bagasse, pour the conventional nutrient solution of leaching, and other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Table 1 uses pumpkin survival rate, growing state and pumpkin maximum single fruit weight after matrix
As can be known from Table 1, formula is scientific and reasonable for the soilless culture substrate that the embodiment of the present application is prepared, pumpkin seedling main stem length,
Slightly, it strengthens, side shoot is more, and Ye Duo, Hua Duo bear fruit, and pest and disease damage greatly reduces, and survival rate improves about 20%, and the maximum of pumpkin is single
Fruit weight improves about 45%, pumpkin yield is improved, to improve the economic benefit of pumpkin soilless culture.
2, the contrast test of nutrient solution is made in the embodiment of the present application 1-3
Test method：The pumpkin seedlings that applicant takes upgrowth situation the same are divided equally in groups, and are transplanted to conventional without soil cultivation
It trains in matrix, pours nutrient solution made from leaching 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention and comparative example 4-15 and carry out soilless culture, with pumpkin grown junction
Fruit harvest is a period, observes pumpkin growing state daily and final pumpkin weight, experimental result are as shown in table 2.
Blank group：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and conventional soilless culture is carried out.
Comparative example 4：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly nitre
With calcium, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and chelated iron, other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 5：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly castor
Numb seed extracting solution, tomato extracting solution, marguerite leaf extract and Soybean Root leaf extract, other modes and the embodiment of the present application 1
It is identical.
Comparative example 6：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly three
Ten alkanols, boric acid, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate and ammonium molybdate, other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 7：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is predominantly white
Fresh hide extracting solution, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution and inular flower extracting solution, other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 8：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly pig
Hair wormwood artemisia extracting solution, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution, other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 9：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching predominantly oozes
Saturating agent and microorganism formulation, other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 10：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly
Nitre matches calcium, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, chelated iron, triacontanol, boric acid, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate and molybdenum
Sour ammonium, other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 11：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly
Castor bean extracting solution, tomato extracting solution, marguerite leaf extract, Soybean Root leaf extract, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution, Linaria vulgaris extraction
Liquid and inular flower extracting solution, other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 12：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly
Castor bean extracting solution, tomato extracting solution, marguerite leaf extract, Soybean Root leaf extract, Artemisia scoparia extracting solution, Carpesium cernuum Linn carry
Take liquid, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution and inular flower extracting solution, other modes identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 13：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly
Artemisia scoparia extracting solution, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution and inular flower extracting solution, other modes
It is identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Comparative example 14：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly
Castor bean extracting solution, tomato extracting solution, marguerite leaf extract, Soybean Root leaf extract, Artemisia scoparia extracting solution, Carpesium cernuum Linn carry
Take liquid, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution, inular flower extracting solution, bleeding agent and microorganism formulation, other modes and this Shen
Please embodiment 1 it is identical.
Comparative example 15：Pumpkin seedlings are transplanted in conventional soilless culture substrate, and the raw material for pouring the nutrient solution of leaching is mainly
Nitre is with calcium, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, chelated iron, triacontanol, boric acid, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate, molybdenum
Sour ammonium, bleeding agent and microorganism formulation, other modes are identical as the embodiment of the present application 1.
Table 2 uses pumpkin survival rate, growing state and pumpkin maximum single fruit weight after nutrient solution
As can be known from Table 2, the soilless culture base nutrient solution prescription that the embodiment of the present application is prepared is scientific and reasonable, pumpkin seedling main stem
Long, thick, strong, side shoot is more, and Ye Duo, Hua Duo bear fruit, and well developed root system, weeds are few, effectively reduces pest and disease damage and weeds, survival rate
About 20% is improved, the maximum single fruit weight of pumpkin improves about 45%, and the speed of growth significantly improves, and substantially increases pumpkin production
Amount, effectively reduces the utilization rate of chemicals and chemical fertilizer, reduces cost, and safety and environmental protection significantly improves pumpkin and planted without soil
The economic benefit of training.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture, it is characterised in that：The water-soluble fertilizer formula is mainly by matrix and battalion
Nutrient solution forms, wherein the matrix is mainly made of following raw material：50-70 parts of peat, 20-40 parts of organic fertilizer, pearl
3-7 parts of rock, 3-7 parts of shredded coconut meat, 5-7 parts of mushroom residue, 5-7 parts of bagasse, 1-3 parts of water-retaining agent, 2-4 parts of apple of Peru and oleander powder
2-4 parts；
The nutrient solution is mainly made of following mass concentration raw material：Nitre with calcium 800-900mg L, potassium nitrate 350-450mg L,
Magnesium sulfate 250-350mg L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 100-200mg L, chelated iron 10-20mg L, triacontanol 10-20mg L, boron
Sour 3-7mg L, zinc sulfate 0.2-0.5mg L, manganese sulfate 2-4mg L, copper sulphate 0.05-0.1mg L, ammonium molybdate 0.01-
0.03mg L, bleeding agent 0.1-0.3mg L, microorganism formulation 0.1-0.3mg L, castor bean extracting solution 150-250g L, tomato
Extracting solution 100-200g L, marguerite leaf extract 200-300g L, Soybean Root leaf extract 250-300g L, the root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extraction
Liquid 200-300g L, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution 150-200g L, inular flower extracting solution 150-250g L, Artemisia scoparia extracting solution 250-
300g L, Carpesium cernuum Linn extracting solution 100-150g L.
2. the water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the matrix is main
It is made of following raw material：60 parts of peat, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 5 parts of perlite, 5 parts of shredded coconut meat, 6 parts of mushroom residue, bagasse 6
Part, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 3 parts of apple of Peru and 3 parts of oleander powder.
3. the water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nutrient solution master
It to be made of following mass concentration raw material：Nitre with calcium 8,50mg L, potassium nitrate 400mg L, magnesium sulfate 300mg L, biphosphate
Ammonium 150mg L, chelated iron 15mg L, triacontanol 15mg L, boric acid 5mg L, zinc sulfate 0.35mg L, manganese sulfate 3mg L, sulphur
Sour copper 0.07mg L, ammonium molybdate 0.02mg L, bleeding agent 0.2mg L, microorganism formulation 0.2mg L, castor bean extracting solution 200g
L, tomato extracting solution 150g L, marguerite leaf extract 250g L, Soybean Root leaf extract 270g L, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany extracting solution
250g L, Linaria vulgaris extracting solution 170g L, inular flower extracting solution 200g L, Artemisia scoparia extracting solution 270g L, Carpesium cernuum Linn extraction
Liquid 130g L.
4. the water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The water conservation
Agent includes polyacrylic acid potassium, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose graft acrylamide, flyash composite polypropylene acid sodium and polypropylene cyanogen
In one or more mixing composition.
5. the water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that：The infiltration
Agent includes in aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Siloxane-Oxyalkylene Copolymers
One or more mixing composition.
6. the water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that：Micro- life
Object preparation is quality will to be waited than fluorescent pseudomonas, bacillus, rhizobium, Streptomyces jingyangensis, mycorrhizal fungi, azotobacter vinelandii
And one or more mixing composition in Paecilomyces lilacinus, and embedded after being stirred evenly with gum arabic and sodium alginate
Processing is made.
7. the water-soluble fertilizer formula of huge pumpkin soilless culture according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that：The nutrition
The concentration EC values of liquid are 3-5, are added when use and account for 2-3 times of water of nutrient solution volume and be diluted.
8. the soilless culture method of the huge pumpkin according to any one of claim 1-7, which is characterized in that specifically include
Following steps：
(1) seedling management：After presprouting of seeds, field planting carries out nursery, retaining ring in 10-13 × 13-15 centimeters of plastic cup
Border is in the range of 20 DEG C -30 DEG C；
(2) field planting management：By 1-2 × 7-9 meters of seeding row spacing, length and width, deep each 1 meter of cultivation pit are deep-cut, above-mentioned deployed base
Matter is inserted in cultivation pit, when the seedling of step (1) is grown to 21 core of leaf, is transplanted in cultivation pit；
(3) water and fertilizer management：Field planting starts to carry out pouring leaching with above-mentioned prepared nutrient solution in the latter week；Early period, branches and leaves were few, often
25-35 jins of nutrient solutions of leaching are poured in strain every time；55-65 jins of nutrient solutions of leaching are poured every time for every plant, poured every 5-7 days primary after transplanting two weeks
Nutrient solution；
(4) training is stayed climing：Laissez-faire growth is carried out before staying fruit, single-strain blade number is made to reach 80-120 pieces；To each lateral bine when staying steady fruit
It pinches with main stem, so that growth center of gravity is transferred to swollen fruit and come up；
(5) fruit is selected to position：When main stem is grown to 5-6 meters, 35-45 days after field planting, you can carry out staying fruit in main stem；Start to stay fruit it
Before the young fruit born is unified extracts, every female flower is pollinated 2-3 male flower, and action is slight when operation, avoid scratching column cap, pollination
Time at the morning 10 before complete；Continuously pollination 2-3 melon, when fruit grows to ball rugby size implementation select it is excellent stay melon, select and remain
The melon that one fruit shape is uniform, base of fruit is sharp retains, remaining excision；
(6) pest management：Medicine integrated control of spray per 5-7 days.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115572191A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-01-06 | 广西百色国家农业科技园区管理委员会 | Shellfish pumpkin soilless culture nutrient solution and culture method |
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