CN108558585A - Ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer and preparation and application - Google Patents
Ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer and preparation and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108558585A CN108558585A CN201810532630.1A CN201810532630A CN108558585A CN 108558585 A CN108558585 A CN 108558585A CN 201810532630 A CN201810532630 A CN 201810532630A CN 108558585 A CN108558585 A CN 108558585A
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- ammonium sulfate
- urea
- ammonium
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- nitrogenous fertilizer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a kind of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer and preparation and application.The ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer is using urea as kernel, kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate layer, ammonium sulfate/paraffin mixed layer or ammonium sulfate/sulphur mixed layer, wherein when kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate layer, the mass ratio of urea and ammonium sulfate is (75~85)：(15~25)；When kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate/paraffin mixed layer, the mass ratio of urea, ammonium sulfate and paraffin is (75~85)：(15~25)：10, when kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate/sulphur mixed layer, the mass ratio of urea, ammonium sulfate and sulphur is (75~85)：(15~25)：10.The nitrogenous fertilizer can effectively reduce the concentration of ammonium ion in soil, significantly inhibit ammonia volatilization, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and rain fed crop is suitble to be applied as base manure, can also be used as top dressing application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a kind of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, ammonium sulfate coated carbamide
Slow-release or control-release fertilizer and preparation and application.
Background technology
In nonirrigated farmland, hydrolysis of urea is ammonium ion, and ammonium ion is converted into nitrate nitrogen in the case where nitrobacteria acts on.Urea
Hydrolysis is controlled by urease activity, and ammonium ion is converted into nitrate nitrogen and is controlled by nitrobacteria.Latter of which is speed limiting factors.
It after hydrolysis of urea, is accumulated in ammonium ion in soil gap water and forms very high concentration, easily form ammonia and volatilization loss.
It is estimated that ammonia volatilization can account for 20% or so of nonirrigated farmland nitrogen loss, in some areas even as high as 60% or more.Therefore, soil is avoided
Ammonium ion is built up in earth Interstitial Water, inhibits ammonia volatilization, reduces chemical fertilizer nitrogen loss, is the pass for improving fertilizer utilization efficiency
One of key.
Traditionally, the approach of reply hydrolysis of urea ammonium loss, mainly there is following several respects：(1) split application makes Soil Nitrogen
Element supply matches with crop nitrogen demand；(2) urease inhibitor is added；(3) fertilizer coating delays or controls urea dissolving and releases
Put rate.Split application is the raising that fertilizer utilization efficiency is realized from fertilizer practice, it is desirable that fertilising person advises crop nitrogen demand
It is accurate that rule is held, and technology requires high；More labours are needed to put into simultaneously, opportunity cost is big.Urease inhibitor is often
Heavy metal or organic toxic substance, influence of these substances to agricultural product quality, farm land quality is unknown, often in laboratory
Using more, not large area use in production in research.
Coat fertilizer can control the rate of release of fertilizer, be the effective technology for inhibiting nitrogen loss.Coat fertilizer is in last century 70
Later stage in age occurs, and the coat fertilizer of early stage is to use sulphur packet urea.There is phosphate fertilizer packet urea in the beginning of the eighties in last century, the country
Coat fertilizer.For the coat fertilizer of these early stages since coated fertilizer accounts for fertilizer than great, coating easily forms crack, unreliable in effect,
It is economically also uneconomical, therefore do not widely apply in production.Gradually there is researcher to propose to utilize the nineties in last century
Pitch, resin etc. do coated fertilizer.There are still the bad control of film thickness, fertilizer rate of release poor controllability, easy shapes for this kind of material
The problem of at secondary pollution.In recent years, the film-coating technique of coat fertilizer is increasingly ripe, but coat fertilizer price is high, limits in grain
Application in food crop production.It is mainly applied on the crops of high added value at present.Urea is still that production is upper most widely used
Fertilizer variety.
After urea, soil ammonia volatilization loss is big, mainly related with the conversion process of urea in the soil.Hydrolysis of urea
Chemical equation it is as follows：
On the one hand hydrolysis of urea releases ammonium ion, on the other hand also result in the rapid increase of soil pH, this is urea
Hydrolyze the basic reason of ammonia volatilization.
In terms of inhibiting hydrolysis of urea ammonia volatilization, previous technology path either uses coat fertilizer, or uses urase
Inhibitor mostly uses the release of inhibition urea or hydrolysis, based on ammonium ion accumulation and pH risings.It is technically not right
Other direction promotes the direction of ammonium ion nitrification, is explored.Different from ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen does not occur in the soil
Volatilization.Ammonium nitrogen is converted into the process of nitrate nitrogen, is an acid process, can inhibit soil ammonium-state to a certain extent
Volatilization.Therefore accelerate soil nitrification process, can both reduce soil ammonium concentration, pH can also be reduced, soil ammonia is inhibited to wave
Hair loss.The chemical equation of ammonium nitrification is as follows：
Nitrifying process in soil depends on the population density of nitrobacteria.Concentration of the proliferation of nitrobacteria by ammonium nitrogen
Control.When soil ammonium-state concentration increases, nitrobacteria makes a response, is bred.Compared to other microorganisms in soil,
The breeding of nitrobacteria is slower, at least needs 3 days or so.This is also using after urea, and soil ammonia volatilization is quickly increased
Reason.Therefore, hydrolysis of urea ammonia is allowed to be rapidly converted into nitrate nitrogen, it is necessary to try to allow soil nitrification bacterium prior to hydrolysis of urea
The generation of ammonia is proliferated.As long as there is the nitrobacteria of sufficient density in soil, so that it may to accelerate the conversion of soil ammonium-state,
To mitigate the ammonia loss by volatilization of nonirrigated farmland ammonium nitrogen.
If before urea dissolves and is hydrolyzed, a small amount of ammonium nitrogen is first added in the soil, allows ammonium nitrification, one
Aspect promotes nitrobacteria to be proliferated using the ammonium nitrogen for being introduced into soil, and on the other hand nitrification reduces pH, inhibits urine to realize
Ammonia loss by volatilization problem caused by element hydrolysis.
Invention content
In order to overcome the prior art to apply the deficiencies of urea volatilization loss is big and disadvantage, the primary purpose of the present invention is that carrying
For a kind of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, for the ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer using urea as kernel, ammonium sulfate is coated in urea
Outside core, after being manured into soil, soil gap water dissolves ammonium sulfate first, the nitre in ammonium ion stimulation soil in ammonium sulfate
Change bacteria fast reproduction.It is completed when ammonium sulfate coating dissolves, urea kernel just starts to dissolve.At this moment, it has been produced in soil big
The ammonium of hydrolysis can be rapidly converted into nitrate nitrogen by the nitrobacteria of amount.Due to being dissolved after urea, and urase is needed to hydrolyze.
It is equivalent to nitrogenous fertilizer in this way to be manured into soil at twice, can effectively reduce the concentration of ammonium ion in soil, mitigates ammonia volatilization damage
It loses.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation methods of above-mentioned ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a kind of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizers, and the slow-release or control-release fertilizer is by above-mentioned sulphur
Sour ammonium coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer is further resin-coated to be obtained.
Fourth object of the present invention is to provide above-mentioned ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer and the slow control of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide
Release the application of fertilizer.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution：
A kind of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, using urea as kernel, kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate layer, ammonium sulfate/paraffin are mixed
Close layer or ammonium sulfate/sulphur mixed layer, wherein when kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate layer, the mass ratio of urea and ammonium sulfate be (75~
85)：(15~25)；When kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate/paraffin mixed layer, the mass ratio of urea, ammonium sulfate and paraffin be (75~
85)：(15~25)：10, when kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate/sulphur mixed layer, the mass ratio of urea, ammonium sulfate and sulphur is (75
~85)：(15~25)：10；
The preparation method of the ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, comprises the following steps：
(1) ammonium sulfate is mixed with water, obtains ammonium sulfate saturated solution；
(2) ammonium sulfate saturated solution made from step (1) is used to carry out surface cladding to urea granules, dry, screening obtains
To ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer；
Or 1. paraffin or sulphur are heated to melt；Under stirring condition, take part of sulfuric acid ammonium powder that the paraffin melted is added
Or in sulphur, it is sufficiently mixed uniformly；Under stirring condition, urea granules are added, is sufficiently mixed uniformly, makes paraffin or sulphur and sulfuric acid
Ammonium is uniformly wrapped on urea granules；
2. under stirring condition, be added residual sulfuric acid ammonium powder, make ammonium sulfate powder be adhered to the paraffin outside urea granules or
Sulphur surface, bonding is agglomerating between avoiding particle；Under stirring condition, cooling down obtains ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer；
The grain size of urea granules described in step (1) is preferably 3~4mm；
Surface cladding described in step (1) preferably carries out in stirring and drying machine or fluid bed；
The surface coats：
Urea granules are placed in 50~70 DEG C of stirring and drying machines, under stirring, spray sulfuric acid in stirring and drying machine
Ammonium saturated solution makes ammonium sulfate solution be uniformly wrapped on urea granules surface, and ammonium sulfate solution spray rate is with urea surface
Moistening but not generating ponding is advisable；After the completion of sprinkling, urea granules are further dried, ammonium sulfate is made to be crystallized in urea surface, sieve
Point, obtain ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer；
The temperature of the stirring and drying machine is preferably 60 DEG C；
The rotating speed of the stirring is preferably 60 revs/min；
The surface coats：
Ammonium sulfate saturated solution is uniformly sprayed by fluid bed in urea granules surface, dry, screening obtains ammonium sulfate
Coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer；Wherein, the inlet air temperature in fluid bed is 65~90 DEG C, nozzle atomization 0.01~0.05Pa of pressure, ammonium sulfate
The atomization flow velocity of saturated solution is preferably 1~3L/h；
Step 1. and 2. described in ammonium sulfate powder preferably sieve with 100 mesh sieve；
Step 1. and 2. described in the rotating speed of stirring be preferably 60 revs/min；
Step 1. described in the grain sizes of urea granules be preferably 3~4mm；
Step 1. described in ammonium sulfate powder dosage be the total dosage of ammonium sulfate powder 50%；
A kind of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer further uses coating agent packet by above-mentioned ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer
Film obtains；
The coating agent is preferably at least one of resin, chitin, gelatin, cellulose and lignin；
Ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer and ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer the answering in arable farming field
With；
The present invention has the following advantages and effects with respect to the prior art：
(1) ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogen fertilizer effective component nitrogen content provided by the invention is high：Pure urea nitrogen content is
46.7%.And the effective nitrogen content of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer provided by the invention is up to 43.65% or so, with pure urea than phase
About 3 percentage points of difference.It is lower than commercial goods urea (45%) less than 2 percentage points.It is higher than the nitrogen content of ammonium sulfate (21.2%)
More than one times.
(2) ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer provided by the invention uses layered structure, and after being manured into soil, ammonium sulfate is first
Soil is discharged into, the dissolving and hydrolysis of urea are then only, the release stage by stage of ammonium ion in nitrogenous fertilizer is formed, to promote
Nitrobacteria is proliferated, and reinforces conversion of the ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and after the application of nonirrigated farmland, ammonia loss by volatilization maximum can reduce nearly 40%,
The concentration that ammonium ion in soil can effectively be reduced significantly inhibits ammonia volatilization, improves utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
(3) ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer provided by the invention is a kind of sulfuric acid that suitable rain fed crop is applied as base manure
Ammonium coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer can also be used as top dressing application.
(4) provided by the invention using urea as kernel, kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate/paraffin mixed layer or ammonium sulfate/sulphur
The ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of mixed layer can not only reduce the concentration of ammonium ion in soil, inhibit ammonia volatilization, improve nitrogen
Fertile utilization rate, and there is slow releasing function, have the characteristics that safe, long-acting and efficient.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer and ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer provided by the invention
Figure, wherein 1：Resin outer ring；2：Ammonium sulfate inner ring；3：Urea core.
Fig. 2 is the sulphur of kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate/paraffin mixed layer or ammonium sulfate/sulphur mixed layer using urea as kernel
The structural schematic diagram of sour ammonium coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, wherein 4：Ammonium sulfate/paraffin mixed layer or ammonium sulfate/sulphur mixed layer；5：Urine
Plain core.
Fig. 3 is the trend chart of soil nitrification gesture after ammonium nitrogen pretreatment.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
Number involved in embodiment is mass parts；
Embodiment 1
(1) 25 parts of ammonium sulfate is mixed with water, obtains ammonium sulfate saturated solution；
(2) 75 parts of urea granules are placed in 60 DEG C of stirring and drying machines, under 60 revs/min of stirrings, are dried in stirring
Ammonium sulfate saturated solution made from step (1) is sprayed in dry machine makes ammonium sulfate solution be uniformly wrapped on urea granules (grain size 3
~4mm) surface, ammonium sulfate solution spray rate, which is moistened with urea surface but do not generated ponding, to be advisable；After the completion of sprinkling, into one
Step drying urea granules, make ammonium sulfate be crystallized in urea surface, and screening is obtained using urea as kernel, kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate
The ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of layer (structural schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 1).
Ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from the present embodiment is suitable for heavy soil；Its specific method of administration is：
Winter wheat basal fertilizer applying method：It can be used as winter wheat base manure.In rotary tillage, walks and apply with rotary cultivator, allow fertilizer
It is mixed into soil during rotary tillage.Also it can be applied in soil with seeder at seeding time, at this moment need to be staggered with sowing row.
Winter wheat top dressing method of administration：When top dressing is when flood irrigation is combined, the top dressing of winter wheat can also be used as.Top dressing
When, it is spread fertilizer over the fields first by dose, then flood irrigation is carried out by irrigation quantity.
Corn base manure：Corn generally uses no-tillage.Therefore, at seeding time, soil is sown into using seeder with sowing
.
Dose can be according to 80% application of habits fertilization amount.
Embodiment 2
(1) 20 parts of ammonium sulfate is mixed with water, obtains ammonium sulfate saturated solution；
(2) 80 parts of urea granules are placed in 50 DEG C of stirring and drying machines, under 60 revs/min of stirrings, are dried in stirring
Step (1) sprinkling ammonium sulfate saturated solution obtained makes ammonium sulfate solution be uniformly wrapped on urea granules (grain size 3 in dry machine
~4mm) surface, ammonium sulfate solution spray rate, which is moistened with urea surface but do not generated ponding, to be advisable；After the completion of sprinkling, into one
Step drying urea granules, make ammonium sulfate be crystallized in urea surface, and screening is obtained using urea as kernel, kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate
The ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of layer.
Ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from the present embodiment is suitable for loam suitable for as base manure；Suitable for crop packet
Include the crops such as winter wheat, summer corn, vegetables, fruit tree, vegetables.Its specific method of administration is：
Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve basal fertilizer applying method：In site preparation, this product is spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, then with rotary cultivator rotary tillage,
Fertilizer is buried in the earth.After the completion of site preparation, you can plant Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve by agriculture requirement.
Fruit tree autumn and winter fertilizing method：Fruit tree autumn and winter applies fertilizer, mainly two periods, when after fruit picking, first, fallen leaves
When.General peach, Japanese plum etc., after fruit picking, if tree vigo(u)r is weak, can apply fertilizer.After fallen leaves, it is typically necessary fertilising.Specifically apply
It is, to open the shallow ridges of 10~15cm outside tree crown for baseline along the line, according to agriculture requirement, to apply sulphur made from the present embodiment with method
Sour ammonium coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, then earthing.
Dose is applied by the 80% of the crops habits fertilization amount.
Embodiment 3
(1) 15 parts of ammonium sulfate is mixed with water, obtains ammonium sulfate saturated solution；
(2) 85 parts of urea granules are placed in 70 DEG C of stirring and drying machines, under 60 revs/min of stirrings, are dried in stirring
Step (1) sprinkling ammonium sulfate saturated solution obtained makes ammonium sulfate solution be uniformly wrapped on urea granules (grain size 3 in dry machine
~4mm) surface, ammonium sulfate solution spray rate, which is moistened with urea surface but do not generated ponding, to be advisable；After the completion of sprinkling, into one
Step drying urea granules, make ammonium sulfate be crystallized in urea surface, and screening is obtained using urea as kernel, kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate
The ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of layer.
Ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from the present embodiment is suitable for sandy loam suitable for as base manure, in sandy loam
In, it is preferred with 10~15cm in being manured into soil.Suitable for crop includes the crops such as winter wheat, summer corn, vegetables, fruit tree.It is specific
Method of administration is：
The application method of winter wheat base manure：Soil to be sowed is ploughed deeply according to routine and rotary tillage passes through at seeding time
Fertilising rotary knife on seeder applies in soil, is staggered with sowing row.
The application method of summer corn base manure：In no-tillage ground, in being manured into soil with the fertilising rotary knife on corn drill, with
Sowing row is staggered.
Fruit tree early spring and autumn and winter fertilizing method：It ditches in tree crown outer, deep 10~15cm, ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogen
Fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in dressing furrow, earthing.
Embodiment 4
(1) 25 parts of ammonium sulfate is mixed with water, obtains ammonium sulfate saturated solution；
(2) 75 parts of ammonium sulfate saturated solution is uniformly sprayed by fluid bed in urea granules (grain size is 3~4mm) table
Face, dry, screening is obtained using urea as kernel, the ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate layer,
In, the inlet air temperature in fluid bed is 65 DEG C, and nozzle atomization pressure 0.01Pa, the atomization flow velocity of ammonium sulfate saturated solution is 2L/h.
Embodiment 5
(1) 20 parts of ammonium sulfate is mixed with water, obtains ammonium sulfate saturated solution；
(2) 80 parts of ammonium sulfate saturated solution is uniformly sprayed by fluid bed in urea granules (grain size is 3~4mm) table
Face, dry, screening is obtained using urea as kernel, the ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate layer,
In, the inlet air temperature in fluid bed is 90 DEG C, and nozzle atomization pressure 0.05Pa, the atomization flow velocity of ammonium sulfate saturated solution is 3L/h.
Embodiment 6
(1) 15 parts of ammonium sulfate is mixed with water, obtains ammonium sulfate saturated solution；
(2) 85 parts of ammonium sulfate saturated solution is uniformly sprayed by fluid bed in urea granules (grain size is 3~4mm) table
Face, dry, screening is obtained using urea as kernel, the ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate layer,
In, the inlet air temperature in fluid bed is 70 DEG C, and nozzle atomization pressure 0.03Pa, the atomization flow velocity of ammonium sulfate saturated solution is 1L/h.
7 ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer of embodiment
Using ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from embodiment 1 as core, using polyurethane as coating agent, wherein polyurethane
Dosage be the 0.5% of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer quality, by ammonium sulfate coating urine according to conventional coating method, is prepared
Plain slow-release or control-release fertilizer.
Ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer made from the present embodiment can be used as base manure one-time use.By taking wheat as an example,
When target output is 450kg/ mus, 32kg/ mus of one-time use ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer.The amount of application is about suitable
It is the 70% of peasant habit dose in N/ mus of 14kg.
Embodiment 8
(1) 10 parts of paraffin are taken, are heated to melt (60 DEG C)；Under 60 revs/min of stirring condition, 10 parts are taken to sieve with 100 mesh sieve
Ammonium sulfate powder be added melt paraffin in, be sufficiently mixed uniformly；Then under 60 revs/min of stirring condition, 80 parts are added
Urea granules (grain size is 3~4mm), are sufficiently mixed uniformly, paraffin and ammonium sulfate are made uniformly to be wrapped on urea granules；
Under (2) 60 revs/min of stirring condition, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate powders sieved with 100 mesh sieve are added, ammonium sulfate powder is made
The paraffin surface being adhered to outside urea granules, bonding is agglomerating between avoiding particle；Under 60 revs/min of stirring condition, gradually drop
Low temperature obtains ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer (Fig. 2) to room temperature, wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer include 10 parts of paraffin, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate,
80 parts of urea.
Embodiment 9
(1) 10 parts of sulphur are taken, are heated to melt (125 DEG C)；Under 60 revs/min of stirring condition, 10 parts are taken to sieve with 100 mesh sieve
Ammonium sulfate powder be added melt sulphur in, be sufficiently mixed uniformly；Then under 60 revs/min of stirring condition, 80 parts are added
Urea granules (grain size is 3~4mm), are sufficiently mixed uniformly, sulphur and ammonium sulfate are made uniformly to be wrapped on granular urea；
Under (2) 60 revs/min of stirring condition, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate powders sieved with 100 mesh sieve are added, ammonium sulfate powder is made
It is adhered to the sulphur surface outside urea granules, bonding is agglomerating between avoiding particle；Under 60 revs/min of stirring condition, gradually drop
Low temperature obtains ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer (Fig. 2) to room temperature, wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer include 10 parts of sulphur, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate,
80 parts of urea.
Ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from the present embodiment, which is suitble to be applied on neutral and calacareous soil, to be applied, because of sulphur
It is sulfonated, soil pH is reduced, the volatilization of hydrolysis of urea ammonia can be inhibited.
Comparative example 1
(1) 25 parts of ammonium chloride is mixed with water, obtains ammonium chloride saturated solution；
(2) 75 parts of urea granules are placed in 60 DEG C of stirring and drying machines, under 60 revs/min of stirrings, are dried in stirring
Ammonium chloride saturated solution is sprayed in dry machine makes aqueous ammonium chloride solution be uniformly wrapped on urea granules surface, aqueous ammonium chloride solution sprinkling
Speed, which is moistened with urea surface but do not generated ponding, to be advisable；After the completion of sprinkling, urea granules are further dried, ammonium chloride is made to urinate
Plain surface crystallization, screening, obtains using urea as kernel, the ammonium chloride coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of kernel outer cladding ammonium chloride layer.
Ammonium chloride coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from the present embodiment is suitable for applying on clay loam.
Comparative example 2
(1) 20 parts of ammonium chloride is mixed with water, obtains ammonium chloride saturated solution；
(2) 80 parts of urea granules are placed in 70 DEG C of stirring and drying machines, under 60 revs/min of stirrings, are dried in stirring
Ammonium chloride saturated solution is sprayed in dry machine makes aqueous ammonium chloride solution be uniformly wrapped on urea granules surface, aqueous ammonium chloride solution sprinkling
Speed, which is moistened with urea surface but do not generated ponding, to be advisable；After the completion of sprinkling, urea granules are further dried, ammonium chloride is made to urinate
Plain surface crystallization, screening, obtains using urea as kernel, the ammonium chloride coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of kernel outer cladding ammonium chloride layer.
Ammonium chloride coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from the present embodiment is suitable for applying on silty loam.
Comparative example 3
(1) 15 parts of ammonium chloride is mixed with water, obtains ammonium chloride saturated solution；
(2) 85 parts of urea granules are placed in 70 DEG C of stirring and drying machines, under 60 revs/min of stirrings, are dried in stirring
Ammonium chloride saturated solution is sprayed in dry machine makes aqueous ammonium chloride solution be uniformly wrapped on urea granules surface, aqueous ammonium chloride solution sprinkling
Speed, which is moistened with urea surface but do not generated ponding, to be advisable；After the completion of sprinkling, urea granules are further dried, ammonium chloride is made to urinate
Plain surface crystallization, screening, obtains using urea as kernel, the ammonium chloride coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of kernel outer cladding ammonium chloride layer.
Ammonium chloride coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from the present embodiment is suitable for sandy loam suitable for as base manure, in sandy loam
In, it is preferred with 10~15cm in being manured into soil.
Suitable for crop includes tobacco and other happiness chlorine crops.Its specific method of administration is：
The application method of tobacco base manure：Before tobacco transplant, appropriate this ammonium chloride coated carbamide is sprinkled into transplanting cave, then
Earthing 5cm, transplants tobacco seedling on it.
Comparative example 4
The urea fines (grain size is 80~100 mesh) of 20 parts of ammonium sulfate (grain size is 80~100 mesh) and 80 parts are existed
It is stirred in blender, obtains ammonium sulfate/urea mixing nitrogenous fertilizer.
Comparative example 5
20 parts of ammonium sulfate (commercially available pulvis) and 80 parts of urea bulky grain (grain size is 3~4mm) are stirred in blender
Mixing is mixed, ammonium sulfate/urea mixing nitrogenous fertilizer is obtained.
Effect example
For the ammonia loss by volatilization for the hydrolysis of urea ammonium that the ammonium fertilizer that quantitative assessment is first manured into soil is manured into soil to after
Influence, and also to which different-effect of the quantitative comparison difference ammonium fertilizer to hydrolysis of urea ammonia volatilization, has carried out indoor ratio
Compared with experiment.Ammonium fertilizer type：Ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride.As a contrast with application potassium sulfate.In view of simulation test and crop field are tried
The difference tested, total amount of nitrogen press 400kg N ha-1Meter.
The implementation of experiment：
(1) preparation of test material：Soil air-dries, and after crossing 2mm sieves, is uniformly mixed.The air-dried soil of equivalent is filled respectively
In the PVC plastic charging basket for entering a height of 20cm.Soil is sprawled in plastics bottom of the barrel as the soil layer of thick 2cm.It is first wet with aliquots of deionized water
Moisten soil layer, and the water content of soil layer is made to reach the 80% of maximum water-holding capacity.Culture 1 month in advance, to make soil physico-chemical property equal
One.In incubation, the moisture content of loss is supplemented with deionized water.
(2) ammonium nitrogen pre-processes：After preculture, according to the molar concentration of ammonium nitrogen, respectively two kinds of ammonium fertilizers
After being dissolved in deionized water, it is uniformly sprayed at native table.Ammonium nitrogen amount of application is calculated as 0.25 with nitrogen content.Potassium sulfate sprays
The molar concentration that amount is equal to ammonium nitrogen according to the molar concentration of potassium ion is controlled.Make ammonium nitrogen, potassium that spray is manured into soil from
The molar concentration of son is equal.In addition the processing of not nitrogen fertilizer application is set as a contrast.
(3) measurement of soil nitrification gesture：Take a part through the pretreated sample of ammonium nitrogen, respectively with 5 days or so for interval,
The part soil sample in PVC plastic charging basket is taken, soil nitrification gesture is measured.
(4) measurement of soil ammonia volatilization amount：It is another to take a part through the pretreated PVC plastic charging basket of ammonium nitrogen, about pre-processing
Afterwards 3 days when into plastic barrel spray equivalent be dissolved in the urea liquid in deionized water.Urea amount of application is calculated as with nitrogen content
0.75.Meanwhile with alkaline Arabic gum seal bucket, the ammonia for being used in combination the absorption of boric acid absorbing liquid to volatilize.It is aerated ventilation daily,
And the amount of collected ammonia is measured, it calculates and adds up ammonia volatilization amount.Control does not spray urea.
Test result analysis：
(1) ammonium fertilizer pretreatment promotes soil nitrification gesture quickly to increase
As shown in figure 3, pretreated 5th day in ammonium nitrogen, either with initial when ratio, or with compare and potassium sulfate at
Ratio is managed, the nitrification potential of ammonium sulfate processing is all remarkably higher than other processing；Ammonium chloride processing also promotes soil nitrification gesture to increase, but
At the 5th day with compare and potassium sulfate processing also not significantly.By the 10th day, regardless of whether receiving ammonium nitrogen processing, soil nitrification gesture
It is all remarkably higher than original state.But the nitrification potential of ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride processing soil is 2.5,2.3 times higher than compareing respectively.This
The result shows that although ammonium nitrogen pretreatment has differences the promotion process of soil nitrification gesture, but all remarkably promote nitrification potential
It improves.This result is conducive to ammonium ion in soil and is converted into nitrate nitrogen faster (referring to Fig. 3).
(2) ammonium fertilizer pretreatment inhibits hydrolysis of urea ammonia loss by volatilization
The ammonia volatilization of soil itself is deducted, the lower ammonia volatilization of ammonium sulfate processing is 1.01g N m2-, ammonia is waved under ammonium chloride processing
Hair is 1.86g N m2-, the lower ammonia volatilization of potassium sulfate processing is 2.03g N m2-.Should the result shows that, ammonium nitrogen pretreatment at most may be used
To reduce hydrolysis of urea ammonia volatilization up to 50.2%.It also indicates that simultaneously, effect of the different ammonium nitrogens to inhibition hydrolysis of urea ammonia volatilization
It is different (referring to table 1), wherein ammonium sulfate inhibits the effect of hydrolysis of urea ammonia volatilization more preferable than ammonium chloride.It is noticeable
It is the potassium sulfate processing nitrogenous fertilizer fewer by 25% than ammonium nitrogen processing, but hydrolysis of urea ammonia volatilization processing more each than ammonium nitrogen is all high.
Table 1 first applies influence (the g N m that ammonium fertilizer applies hydrolysis of urea ammonia volatilization amount to after-2)
| Processing | Ammonium sulfate | Ammonium chloride | Potassium sulfate | Control |
| Hydrolysis of urea ammonia volatilization amount | 1.54±0.12 | 2.39±0.14 | 2.56±0.28 | 0.53±0.04 |
Note：Value in table is mean+SD.
Further, by chlorination made from ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1~3
Ammonium coated carbamide N fertilization soil, detection calculate ammonia volatilization amount, the results showed that：Since the ratio that nitrogen accounts in ammonium chloride is
26%, and the ratio 21% that nitrogen accounts in ammonium sulfate.The nitrogen content of ammonium nitrogen packet urea, but ammonium chloride packet can be improved with ammonium chloride
The ammonia loss by volatilization of film urea nitrogenous fertilizer is significantly higher than ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer.In addition, being found in practice, many crops are being applied
Grow bad when with Chloride fertilizer, traditionally these crops are referred to as fear-chlorion crop.Peasant is also not very willing to apply Chloride fertilizer.Cause
This, the adaptation crop range of ammonium chloride coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer does not have ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer wide.
When ammonium sulfate made from comparative example 4 and 5/urea mixing nitrogen application, urea and ammonium sulfate dissolve into simultaneously
Enter in soil Interstitial Water.Hydrolysis of urea is a Fast Process compared to the nitrifying process of ammonium ion, and hydrolysis of urea is about being applied
Enter and is fully completed in 3 days of soil.Due to hydrolysis of urea, lead to soil pH rapid increase.Such as：It is applied by N/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer of 14kg
Dosage.General soil unit weight is 1.4g/cm3, maximum water holding capacity up to soil weight 30%.Therefore soil water-containing is set again
Amount is the 80% of maximum water-holding capacity.Since per molecule hydrolysis of urea discharges two OH-, can estimate, the condition for being 7 in initial pH
Under, using ammonium sulfate made from comparative example 4 and 5/urea mixing nitrogenous fertilizer, because hydrolysis of urea can be such that soil pH is climbed to
At least 12.28.Hydrolysis of urea leads to the comprehensive function of the effect of pH risings and the accumulation of ammonium ion, will lead to ammonium ion shape
At NH3H2O.In the soil, NH3H2O concentration can reach 0.021mol/L, account for total ammonium nitrogen 99.9%.It has been lived due to nitrification and has not been obtained
To giving full play to, so as to cause strong ammonia volatilization.
And the slow control of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer made from Examples 1 to 3, ammonium sulfate coated carbamide made from embodiment 7
When releasing the application of fertilizer, 8~9 obtained ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer of embodiment, ammonium sulfate adsorbs soil Interstitial Water one step ahead, and molten
Solution enters soil；And urea cannot get moisture content, can not dissolve immediately due to being wrapped in inside ammonium sulfate.Only work as ammonium sulfate
It dissolves and gradually spreads apart and, urea just starts to dissolve.At this point, the induction due to the ammonium ion in ammonium sulfate to nitrobacteria
Effect, on the one hand makes nitrification activity be activated；On the other hand, ammonium ion substrate for induction effect, induction nitrobacteria into
Line splitting is proliferated.Nitrobacteria quantity is increased in soil.Although ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer can not completely eliminate soil
Earth ammonia volatilization, but due to two kinds of nitrogenous fertilizer occur in the soil liquid between there are a time differences；And hydrolysis of urea ammonium is when occurring,
It meets again with nitrobacteria peak of proliferation, the comprehensive function of two kinds of processes is conducive to the ammonia loss by volatilization for cutting down hydrolysis of urea ammonium.
It is estimated that in the case where ammonium nitrogen and urea successively enter soil, same amount of nitrogen, it is single that soil pH can reduce by 0.11
Position, NH3H2O concentration 0.019mol/L, NH3H2O proportions also decrease, and after the application of nonirrigated farmland, ammonia loss by volatilization maximum can drop
Low nearly 40%.Moreover, ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer made from embodiment 7,8~9 obtained ammonium sulfate coating of embodiment are urinated
Plain nitrogenous fertilizer has slow releasing function, has the characteristics that safe, long-acting and efficient.
In addition, for ammonium sulfate made from comparative example 5/urea mixing nitrogenous fertilizer, since commercial sulfuric acid ammonium is often powder
Agent, it is excessive with big grain urea grain size gap, it is carrying, in application, two kinds of fertilizer are easy for detaching.Finally, very
Difficulty allows the nitrogenous fertilizer of two kinds of different-grain diameters to apply farmland with having.Since nitrogen content is 21% in ammonium sulfate, nitrogen content is in urea
45%.The ratio of two kinds of nitrogenous fertilizer is inconsistent in application, leads to the very big difference for applying the practical nitrogen distribution in rear field, it is possible to
Cause to cause production loss because part plot nitrogen is very few.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, it is other it is any without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention made by changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, it is characterised in that using urea as kernel, kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate layer, sulfuric acid
Ammonium/paraffin mixed layer or ammonium sulfate/sulphur mixed layer, wherein when kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate layer, the quality of urea and ammonium sulfate
Than for (75~85)：(15~25)；When kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate/paraffin mixed layer, urea, ammonium sulfate and paraffin mass ratio
For (75~85)：(15~25)：10, when kernel outer cladding ammonium sulfate/sulphur mixed layer, urea, ammonium sulfate and sulphur quality
Than for (75~85)：(15~25)：10.
2. the preparation method of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) ammonium sulfate is mixed with water, obtains ammonium sulfate saturated solution；
(2) ammonium sulfate saturated solution made from step (1) is used to carry out surface cladding to urea granules, dry, screening obtains sulphur
Sour ammonium coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer；
Or 1. paraffin or sulphur are heated to melt；Under stirring condition, take part of sulfuric acid ammonium powder that the paraffin or sulphur melted is added
In sulphur, it is sufficiently mixed uniformly；Under stirring condition, urea granules are added, is sufficiently mixed uniformly, keeps paraffin or sulphur and ammonium sulfate equal
It is even to be wrapped on urea granules；
2. under stirring condition, residual sulfuric acid ammonium powder being added, ammonium sulfate powder is made to be adhered to the paraffin outside urea granules or sulphur
Surface, bonding is agglomerating between avoiding particle；Under stirring condition, cooling down obtains ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer.
3. the preparation method of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The grain size of urea granules described in step (1) is 3~4mm.
4. the preparation method of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Surface described in step (1), which is coated in stirring and drying machine or fluid bed, to carry out.
5. the preparation method of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：
The surface coats：
Urea granules are placed in 50~70 DEG C of stirring and drying machines, under stirring, it is full that ammonium sulfate is sprayed in stirring and drying machine
Ammonium sulfate solution is set to be uniformly wrapped on urea granules surface with solution, ammonium sulfate solution spray rate is moistened with urea surface
But not generating ponding is advisable；After the completion of sprinkling, urea granules are further dried, ammonium sulfate is made to be crystallized in urea surface, screening obtains
To ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer.
6. the preparation method of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：
The surface coats：
Ammonium sulfate saturated solution is uniformly sprayed by fluid bed in urea granules surface, dry, screening obtains ammonium sulfate coating
Urea nitrogenous fertilizer；Wherein, the inlet air temperature in fluid bed is 65~90 DEG C, nozzle atomization 0.01~0.05Pa of pressure, ammonium sulfate saturation
The atomization flow velocity of solution is 1~3L/h.
7. the preparation method of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Step 1. described in ammonium sulfate powder dosage be the total dosage of ammonium sulfate powder 50%.
8. a kind of ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer, it is characterised in that by ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogen described in claim 1
Fertilizer is further obtained using coating agent coating.
9. ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
The coating agent is at least one of resin, chitin, gelatin, cellulose and lignin.
10. the ammonium sulfate coated carbamide described in ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer described in claim 1 and claim 8 or 9 is slow
Application of the Controlled Release Fertilizer in arable farming field.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109988048A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-09 | 上海化工院检测有限公司 | A kind of sea paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer and its manufacturing method |
| EP4169888A1 (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-26 | SABIC Global Technologies, B.V. | Fertilizer composition including ammonium sulphate coated urea particles |
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| US20030162664A1 (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2003-08-28 | Jar-Mar, Inc. | Surfactant coated products and methods for their use in promoting plant growth and soil remediation |
| CN1569752A (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-01-26 | 张秋贵 | Ammonium sulphate coated urea granule fertilizer and method for preparing same |
| CN102674946A (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2012-09-19 | 河南科技大学 | Microbial compound nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106380254A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 贵州西洋实业有限公司 | Compound fertilizer and production method thereof |
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| US20030162664A1 (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2003-08-28 | Jar-Mar, Inc. | Surfactant coated products and methods for their use in promoting plant growth and soil remediation |
| CN1569752A (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-01-26 | 张秋贵 | Ammonium sulphate coated urea granule fertilizer and method for preparing same |
| CN102674946A (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2012-09-19 | 河南科技大学 | Microbial compound nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106380254A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 贵州西洋实业有限公司 | Compound fertilizer and production method thereof |
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| CN109988048A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-09 | 上海化工院检测有限公司 | A kind of sea paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer and its manufacturing method |
| CN109988048B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2021-11-12 | 上海化工院检测有限公司 | Special fertilizer for seawater rice and preparation method thereof |
| EP4169888A1 (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-26 | SABIC Global Technologies, B.V. | Fertilizer composition including ammonium sulphate coated urea particles |
| WO2023067477A1 (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-27 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Fertilizer composition including ammonium sulphate coated urea particles |
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