CN108551954B - Ecological green land structure and method for low-rise building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological green land structure of a low-rise building and a method thereof. Arranging wind direction and anemometer around the low-rise building, and counting data of the main wind direction; setting a evergreen hedge at a distance from the low-rise building facing the main wind direction; arranging a tree area outside the evergreen hedgerow; the wind prevention of the low-rise building in winter is realized through the steps. The invention guides the main air flow passing through the through structure of the lower layer of the arbor to rise in front of the low-rise building by the combination of the evergreen hedge and the arbor area on the premise of not influencing the lighting of the low-rise building, thereby improving the windproof effect of the green land and indirectly reducing the heating energy consumption of the low-rise building in winter.

Description

Ecological green land structure and method for low-rise building

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of construction of green lands of buildings, in particular to an ecological green land structure and method of a low-rise building.

Background

The urban green land is an important green infrastructure of the city, not only has important effects of softening and beautifying the city on the landscape, but also has important ecological functions of regulating microclimate, improving air conditions, saving energy, reducing emission and the like. The urban greenbelt has different types, community structures and space components, and can greatly affect the microclimate of the place, especially the greenbelt adjacent to the building directly affects the lighting and ventilation of the building. In the past, the plant landscape effect and the influence on building lighting are more considered in the design of the green land, and the influence on a building area by other microclimate regulating functions of the green land is less considered. Thus, plant selection and spatial layout of greenbelts immediately adjacent to a building will directly affect the building's regulation of wind and light. Unreasonable plant selection configuration and spatial layout can increase extra energy consumption of the building, and are not beneficial to energy conservation and emission reduction. The prior art is not described in the related field.

Urban waterlogging is also a new problem in cities in recent years, and through research, urban waterlogging not only lies in that drainage facility is ageing, and the drainage speed of piping lane can not keep pace with the speed that ground rainwater gathers. And the method is characterized in that the soil body basically loses the function of temporary water storage because the urban construction is accelerated and large-area pavement is hardened, and surface water cannot permeate into the soil body through the ground and further enter underground water. This increases the pressure on the drainage facility. Chinese patent document CN 102966165a describes a system and a method for reducing urban inland inundation by using an adsorption layer in a green area, and proposes a scheme for storing rainwater by using a green area in an aggregation manner, so as to achieve the functions of eliminating peaks, reducing emission and relieving inland inundation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an ecological green space structure of a low-rise building and a method thereof, which can improve the windproof performance of the green space structure of the building and indirectly reduce the energy consumption of the low-rise building in winter on the premise of not influencing the lighting of the building. In a preferred scheme, the function of alleviating waterlogging can be realized by utilizing the greenbelt of the building.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a low-rise building ecological green land structure is characterized in that wind direction and anemometer are arranged around a low-rise building, and data of a dominant wind direction are counted; the structure of the wind direction anemometer is as follows: the top of the shell is provided with a speed measuring rope, the free end of the speed measuring rope is provided with a wind hammer, the speed measuring rope is electrified to enable the speed measuring rope to be heated, when wind blows, the speed measuring rope is influenced by the wind hammer and beats along the wind direction, the wind brings away heat on the speed measuring rope, a temperature sensor is further arranged in the shell, the current temperature of the speed measuring rope is detected and compared with the ambient temperature to obtain a difference value, and the heat lost by the speed measuring rope can be obtained, so that the wind speed is calculated; the speed measuring rope is connected with the movable inner core, a changeable gap is arranged between the movable inner core and the shell, when the shell of the wind direction anemometer is fixed and influenced by the wind hammer, the gap between the movable inner core and the shell on one side facing to the wind speed is smaller, and the current wind direction is obtained through the pressure sensor or the conductive switch on the movable inner core; collecting data of wind direction and anemometer in each direction, and respectively integrating and comparing to obtain parameters of the main wind direction;

the direction that faces the main wind direction at the low-rise building is equipped with evergreen hedgerow, is equipped with the sunlight area between evergreen hedgerow and low-rise building, is equipped with the arbor region outside evergreen hedgerow.

In a preferred scheme, the width of the sunlight area is greater than or equal to the height of the low-rise building layer by layer;

the evergreen hedgerow has a height greater than or equal to 100 cm.

In a preferred scheme, the height of the evergreen hedges reaches 1/3 of the height of each floor of a low-rise building.

In a preferred embodiment, the evergreen hedges surround from one side to three sides of the low-rise building.

In the preferred scheme, the arbor area is composed of a plurality of arbors, and the branch point height of the arbors is greater than the height of the evergreen hedgerow;

the arbor is a triangular crown arbor.

In a preferred scheme, the arbor is also provided with a root fixing device;

in the root fixing device, a root fixing frame is embedded in soil, a root ball of a tree is positioned in the root fixing frame, an extension part is arranged on the outer edge of the root fixing frame, and a pull ring is arranged on the extension part;

the upper end of the support piece is connected with the trunk fixing device, the trunk fixing device is of an openable annular structure, the trunk fixing device is connected with the trunk of a tree, and the lower end of the support piece is fixedly connected with the root fixing frame;

still be equipped with many stay cords, the one end and the pull ring of stay cord are connected, and the other end and the trunk fixing device of stay cord are connected.

In the preferred scheme, a plurality of vertical upright posts are arranged at the bottom of the root fixing frame, and holes are formed in the bottoms of the upright posts;

a plurality of anchor piles are arranged on the bottom plate, and the upright posts are sleeved with the anchor piles;

be equipped with in the side of solid root frame and bottom surface and keep off the soil net, the aperture that keeps off the soil net enough makes the fibrous root of arbor stretch out, keeps off the root system development that the soil net is used for restricting the arbor, controls the growth height of arbor.

The root of the evergreen hedgerow is also provided with a soil retaining net which is arranged on the side surface and the bottom surface of the root fixing frame, and the root fixing frame is arranged outside the root of the evergreen hedgerow.

In the preferred scheme, a rapid water storage area is arranged underground around a tree area;

waste concrete blocks are buried in the rapid water storage area.

A method for adopting the ecological green land structure of the low-rise building comprises the following steps:

s1, arranging wind direction and anemometer around the low-rise building, and counting the data of the main wind direction;

s2, arranging an evergreen hedge at a distance from the low-rise building facing the main wind direction;

s3, setting a tree region outside the evergreen hedgerow;

the wind prevention of the low-rise building in winter is realized through the steps.

Preferably, in the step s3, the method further comprises the following steps:

s31, pouring anchor piles on the bottom plate;

s32, assembling a root fixing device on the ground and assembling a soil retaining net;

s33, placing the root fixing device on the bottom plate, and sleeving the upright post with the anchor pile;

arranging a rapid water storage area around the root fixing device;

placing root balls of the arbor in a root fixing device;

and s34, applying water and fertilizer and hilling to complete the planting of the arbor.

According to the ecological greenbelt structure and the method for the low-rise building, provided by the invention, the evergreen hedgerow and the arbor area are arranged around the low-rise building, so that the function of adjusting the climate is added in addition to the landscape function of the greenbelt. In the preferred scheme, the solid root device that sets up can improve the lodging resistance ability of arbor, and the stand of setting and the connection structure of anchor stake can be convenient for the secondary of arbor and transplant. The arranged soil blocking net can control the growth height of the arbor by means of topping operation and the like. The quick water storage area who sets up can be saved the rainwater around the building temporarily fast to alleviate drainage facility's drainage pressure. The structure and the method are simple, convenient and quick, are easy to popularize, have obvious energy-saving and environment-friendly benefits, have extremely high guiding application value particularly for the construction layout of small greenbelts in high-density urban areas, and have good social benefits.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a front view of the root fixation device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the root fixation device of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the wind direction and anemometer according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the anemoscope/anemometer according to the present invention.

In the figure: the high-rise building comprises a tree area 1, a evergreen hedge 2, a root fixing device 3, a root fixing frame 31, a frame body 311, an extending portion 312, a pull ring 32, a pull rope 33, a support piece 34, a stand column 35, a soil blocking net 36, a transverse connecting rod 37, a trunk fixing device 38, a connecting plate 39, a main wind direction 4, a low-rise building 5, a quick water storage area 6, a sunlight area 7, an anchor pile 8, a bottom plate 9, a root ball 10, a wind direction anemometer 11, a speed measuring rope 111, a wind hammer 112, a movable inner core 113 and a shell 114.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the ecological green space structure of the low-rise building, a evergreen hedge 2 is provided in a direction facing a main wind direction 4 of the low-rise building 5, and a tree region 1 is provided outside the evergreen hedge 2. From this structure, utilize the integrated configuration of arbor region 1 and evergreen hedgerow 2, improve and prevent wind the effect, main air current passes through from the crown below of arbor region 1, touches evergreen hedgerow 2 at the in-process that advances, is led main air current by evergreen hedgerow 2 and rises to avoid main air current direct-blowing low-rise building 5, reduce low-rise building 5's winter heating energy consumption.

In this example, the low-rise building 5 is a building having a building height of 15 m or less and having a building number of 4 or less, or 4 floors above the floor of the bottom of a high-rise building. The optimal height is 10 meters, the number of building layers is less than 3, or 3 layers above the ground at the bottom of a high-rise building.

And (3) arbor: the tree refers to a tree with a tall body, and an independent trunk is formed at the root, and the trunk is obviously distinguished from the crown.

Evergreen hedgerow 2: the planting structure is a geometrically regular planting structure which is formed by closely planting evergreen shrubs or evergreen small trees at a close plant-row spacing, planting the evergreen shrubs or the evergreen small trees into single rows or double rows and closely combining the single rows or the double rows.

Leading wind direction 4: the range of the wind direction angle with the maximum wind frequency in a certain area is indicated, namely the dominant wind direction in a certain area has obvious advantages, and the sum of the wind frequency of the dominant wind direction angle is more than or equal to 30%. Wind anemometers are arranged around the building to determine the prevailing wind direction.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, a sunlight area 7 is arranged between the evergreen hedge 2 and the low-rise building 5, and the width of the sunlight area 7 is greater than or equal to the height of the low-rise building 5 from floor to floor; with this structure, the lighting of the low-rise building 5 is prevented from being affected.

The height of the evergreen hedges 2 is greater than or equal to 100 cm.

In a preferred scheme, the height of the evergreen hedges 2 reaches 1/3 of each floor of the low-rise building 5.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the evergreen hedges 2 surround the low-rise building 5 from one side to three sides. The evergreen hedges should form a certain enclosure around the perimeter of the low-rise building, but open in the direction of the prevailing wind direction.

In the preferred scheme, the arbor area 1 is composed of a plurality of arbors, and the branch point height of the arbors is greater than the height of the evergreen hedgerow 2;

the arbor is a triangular crown arbor. It is further preferred to select trees with a higher total leaf area, such as conifer species.

Example 2:

the existing low-rise building 5 is generally arranged as a garage above the floor 9 and below the floor 9. I.e. the floor 9 will typically not exceed 1.5 m to ground level. It is important to prevent lodging of the trees.

On the basis of the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the arbor is further provided with a root fixing device 3;

in the root fixing device 3, a root fixing frame 31 is buried in soil, a root ball 10 of a tree is positioned in the root fixing frame 31, an extension part 312 is arranged at the outer edge of the root fixing frame 31, and a pull ring 32 is arranged on the extension part 312;

the upper end of the support member 34 is connected with the trunk fixing device 38, the trunk fixing device 38 is an openable and closable annular structure, the trunk fixing device 38 is connected with the trunk of the arbor, and the lower end of the support member 34 is fixedly connected with the root fixing frame 31;

a plurality of pull ropes 33 are further provided, one ends of the pull ropes 33 are connected with the pull ring 32, and the other ends of the pull ropes 33 are connected with the trunk fixing device 38. A threaded sleeve is provided on the pulling rope 33 to adjust the length of the pulling rope 33. Trunk fixing device 38 is used for embracing the trunk of fixed arbor, and solid root frame 31 is used for reliably combining with the soil body, will gu root frame 31 and trunk fixing device 38 reliably are connected through stay cord 33, has improved the anti-lodging performance of arbor by a wide margin, and then improves prevent wind the effect.

In a preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a plurality of vertical upright posts 35 are arranged at the bottom of the root fixing frame 31, and holes are arranged at the bottoms of the upright posts 35; the upright posts 35 are fixedly connected with each other through a transverse connecting rod 37.

A plurality of anchor piles 8 are arranged on the bottom plate 9, and the upright post 35 is sleeved with the anchor piles 8; with this structure, the stability of the root fixing frame 31 is further improved, and it is convenient to move trees later. Because the arbor is mainly subjected to lateral force, the root fixing frame 31 cannot be loosened when the upright post 35 is in a sleeved state with the anchor pile 8. When the trees are moved in the later period, the vertical force is mainly applied, and the root fixing frame 31 is easy to separate from the anchor pile 8. In this example, the root fixing frame 31 is preferably of a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the retaining net 36 is provided on the side and bottom surfaces of the root fixing frame 31, and the aperture of the retaining net 36 is sufficient to allow the radicles of the trees to protrude. The retaining net 36 provided can restrict the development of the root system of the arbor, thereby controlling the growth height of the arbor. And the later-period arbor migration is facilitated.

In a further preferred embodiment, a retaining net 36 is also provided at the roots of the evergreen hedgerow 2 plants. The retaining net 36, preferably the retaining net 36, is provided on the side and bottom surfaces of the root fixing frame 31, and the root fixing frame 31 is arranged outside the root of the evergreen hedgerow 2. With this structure, the maintenance labor intensity of the evergreen hedgerow 2 can be greatly reduced.

Example 3:

on the basis of the embodiments 1 and 2, a further preferable scheme is that as shown in fig. 1, a rapid water storage area 6 is arranged underground around a tree area 1;

waste concrete blocks are filled in the rapid water storage area 6. As shown in fig. 1, the rapid water storage area 6 in this embodiment is a natural stack structure disposed at the periphery of the root system of the arbor, preferably a waste concrete block mixed with fly ash, so as to utilize the porous structure of the concrete block and the fly ash to realize rapid drainage of ground water and accumulate a certain volume of rainwater for later arbor growth and release of drainage pressure. The rapid water storage area 6 is also helpful for limiting the root development of the arbor and controlling the growth speed of the arbor.

Example 4:

examples 1 to 3 are also included. A method for adopting the ecological green land structure of the low-rise building comprises the following steps:

s1, arranging wind direction and anemometer 11 around low-rise building 5, and counting data of main wind direction 4; the structure of the wind direction anemometer 11 is shown in fig. 5 and 6, a speed measuring rope 111 is arranged at the top of the shell, a wind hammer 112 is arranged at the free end of the speed measuring rope 111, the speed measuring rope 111 is connected with current to enable the speed measuring rope 111 to be heated, when wind blows, the speed measuring rope 111 is influenced by the wind hammer 112 and beats along the wind direction, the wind takes away heat on the speed measuring rope 111, a temperature sensor is further arranged in the shell, the current temperature of the speed measuring rope 111 is detected and compared with the ambient temperature to obtain a difference value, and the heat lost by the speed measuring rope 111 can be obtained, so that the wind speed is calculated. Preferably, the speed measuring rope 111 in this embodiment is connected to the movable core 113, a changeable gap is provided between the movable core 113 and the housing 114, when the housing of the wind direction anemometer 11 is fixed, and the gap between the movable core 113 and the housing on the side facing the wind speed is smaller under the influence of the wind hammer 112, as shown in fig. 6, the current wind direction is obtained through a pressure sensor or a conductive switch on the movable core 113. The data of the wind direction and anemometer 11 in each direction are collected, and the parameters of the main wind direction 4, especially the parameters of the main wind direction in winter, are obtained after respective integration and comparison.

s2, arranging an evergreen hedge 2 at a distance from the low-rise building 5 to face the main wind direction 4; in this way, the lighting of the low-rise building 5 is prevented from being affected.

s3, setting a tree region 1 outside the evergreen hedgerow 2;

the wind prevention of the low-rise building in winter is realized through the steps.

Preferably, in the step s3, the method further comprises the following steps:

s31, pouring anchor piles 8 on the bottom plate 9;

s32, assembling the root fixing device 3 on the ground and the soil blocking net 36;

s33, placing the root fixing device 3 on the bottom plate 9, and sleeving the upright post 35 with the anchor pile 8;

arranging a rapid water storage area 6 around the root fixing device 3, and directly stacking a mixture of waste concrete blocks and fly ash around the root fixing device 3;

placing the root ball 10 of the arbor in the root fixing device 3;

and s34, applying water and fertilizer and hilling to complete the planting of the arbor.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A low-rise building ecological green land structure is characterized in that: arranging wind direction and anemometer around the low-rise building, and counting data of the main wind direction; the structure of the wind direction and wind speed meter (11) is as follows: the wind speed measuring device is characterized in that a speed measuring rope (111) is arranged at the top of the shell, an air hammer (112) is arranged at the free end of the speed measuring rope (111), current is introduced into the speed measuring rope (111) to heat the speed measuring rope (111), when wind blows, the speed measuring rope (111) is influenced by the air hammer (112) and beats along the wind direction, the wind takes away heat on the speed measuring rope (111), a temperature sensor is further arranged in the shell, the current temperature of the speed measuring rope (111) is detected and compared with the ambient temperature to obtain a difference value, and the heat lost by the speed measuring rope (111) can be obtained, so that the wind speed is calculated; the speed measuring rope (111) is connected with the movable inner core (113), a changeable gap is arranged between the movable inner core (113) and the shell (114), when the shell of the wind direction anemometer (11) is fixed and is influenced by the wind hammer (112), the gap between the movable inner core (113) and the shell on one side facing the wind speed is smaller, and the current wind direction is obtained through a pressure sensor or a conductive switch on the movable inner core (113); collecting data of the wind direction and anemometer (11) in each direction, and respectively integrating and comparing to obtain parameters of the main wind direction (4);

an evergreen hedge (2) is arranged in the direction facing the main wind direction (4) of the low-rise building (5), a sunlight area (7) is arranged between the evergreen hedge (2) and the low-rise building (5), and a tree area (1) is arranged outside the evergreen hedge (2);

the width of the sunlight area (7) is larger than or equal to the height of the low-rise building (5) layer by layer;

the height of the evergreen hedgerow (2) is more than or equal to 100 cm;

the evergreen hedgerow (2) surrounds one side to three sides of the low-rise building (5);

the arbor area (1) is composed of a plurality of arbors, and the branch points of the arbors are higher than the evergreen hedgerow (2);

the arbor is a triangular crown arbor;

the arbor is also provided with a root fixing device (3);

in the root fixing device (3), a root fixing frame (31) is buried in soil, a root ball (10) of a tree is positioned in the root fixing frame (31), an extension part (312) is arranged at the outer edge of the root fixing frame (31), and a pull ring (32) is arranged on the extension part (312);

the upper end of the support piece (34) is connected with the trunk fixing device (38), the trunk fixing device (38) is of an openable annular structure, the trunk fixing device (38) is connected with the trunk of a tree, and the lower end of the support piece (34) is fixedly connected with the root fixing frame (31);

a plurality of pull ropes (33) are further arranged, one ends of the pull ropes (33) are connected with the pull rings (32), and the other ends of the pull ropes (33) are connected with the trunk fixing device (38);

a plurality of vertical upright posts (35) are arranged at the bottom of the root fixing frame (31), and holes are formed in the bottoms of the upright posts (35);

a plurality of anchor piles (8) are arranged on the bottom plate (9), and the upright posts (35) are sleeved with the anchor piles (8);

soil retaining nets (36) are arranged on the side surfaces and the bottom surface of the root fixing frame (31), the aperture of each soil retaining net (36) is enough to enable fibrous roots of the arbor to stretch out, and the soil retaining nets (36) are used for limiting the root development of the arbor and controlling the growth height of the arbor;

the roots of the evergreen hedgerow (2) are also provided with a soil blocking net (36), the soil blocking net (36) is arranged on the side surface and the bottom surface of the root fixing frame (31), and the root fixing frame (31) is arranged outside the roots of the evergreen hedgerow (2);

a rapid water storage area (6) is arranged underground around the arbor area (1);

waste concrete blocks are filled in the rapid water storage area (6).

2. The ecological green space structure of a low-rise building as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the height of the evergreen hedges (2) reaches 1/3 of the height of each floor of the low-rise building (5).

3. A method for constructing an ecological green space structure using the low-rise building according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:

s1, arranging wind direction and anemometer (11) around the low-rise building (5) and counting the data of the main wind direction (4);

s2, arranging an evergreen hedge (2) at a distance from the low-rise building (5) facing the main wind direction (4);

s3, setting a tree region (1) outside the evergreen hedgerow (2);

s31, pouring anchor piles (8) on the bottom plate (9);

s32, assembling a root fixing device (3) on the ground and assembling a soil retaining net (36);

s33, placing the root fixing device (3) on the bottom plate (9), and sleeving the upright post (35) with the anchor pile (8);

arranging a rapid water storage area (6) around the root fixing device (3);

placing root balls (10) of the arbor in a root fixing device (3);

s34, applying water and fertilizer and hilling to complete the planting of the arbor;

the wind prevention of the low-rise building in winter is realized through the steps.

Images