CN108546851A - 一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺 - Google Patents

一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺 Download PDF

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CN108546851A
CN108546851A CN201810398665.0A CN201810398665A CN108546851A CN 108546851 A CN108546851 A CN 108546851A CN 201810398665 A CN201810398665 A CN 201810398665A CN 108546851 A CN108546851 A CN 108546851A
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cylinder head
stage
spraying
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黄道敏
赵海波
陈勇
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Acer Zhejiang Tripod Auto Parts Ltd By Share Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺,旨在提供一种能够确保气缸盖的每部分区域的内应力均匀分布,确保气缸盖各部分组织的均匀程度以及提高了各部分受力能力的生产工艺,其技术方案要点是(1)选材:原材料的各化学成份(%):Fe≤1.3,Si:9.6‑12,Cu:1.5‑3.5,Mn≤0.5,Mg≤0.3,Ni≤0.5,Zn≤3.0,Pb≤0.2,Sn≤0.2,其余成份为Al;(2)熔炼:将步骤(1)中的原材料熔炼熔化至800‑850℃左右,通过GBF处理对原材料进行精炼,除气,除渣,并静置10min后将精炼除气后的铝液转移到低压铸机的保护炉内,并把待浇注的铝液控制在690℃~700℃之间;本发明适用于气缸盖的生产工艺领域。

Description

一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺。
背景技术
气缸盖的作用是密封气缸,与活塞共同形成燃烧空间,并承受高温高压燃气的作用。气缸盖承受气体力和紧固气缸螺栓所造成的机械负荷,同时还由于与高温燃气接触而承受很高的热负荷。为了保证气缸的良好密封,气缸盖既不能损坏,也不能变形。为此,气缸盖应具有足够的强度和刚度。
传统的用于生产气缸盖的生产工艺所生产的气缸盖,在受力的时,因为内应力分布不均,容易导致部分变形,从而影响到气缸盖的密封效果,因此在生产工艺上解决气缸盖内应力分布不均以及保证气缸盖各部分组织的均匀程度是目前存在的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种能够确保气缸盖的每部分区域的内应力均匀分布,确保气缸盖各部分组织的均匀程度以及提高了各部分受力能力的生产工艺。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺,包括如下步骤:(1)选材:原材料的各化学成份(%):Fe≤1.3,Si:9.6-12,Cu:1.5-3.5,Mn≤0.5,Mg≤0.3,Ni≤0.5,Zn≤3.0,Pb≤0.2,Sn≤0.2,其余成份为Al;
(2)熔炼:将步骤(1)中的原材料熔炼熔化至800-850℃左右,通过GBF处理对原材料进行精炼,除气,除渣,并静置10min后将精炼除气后的铝液转移到低压铸机的保护炉内,并把待浇注的铝液控制在690℃~700℃之间;
(3)浇注:将原材料形成的浇注液通过铁水通道由浇口杯到型腔内,控制浇注时的温度、流量、流度以及型腔内的压力,并经过冷却初步成型;
(4)抛光:取出成型铸件,采用喷砂方法将铸件的表面清洗干净;清除铸件的飞边和毛刺,测量铸件表面粗糙度和以及各尺寸是否达到公差的要求的范围内,采用机械抛光机对铸件的表面进行抛光处理;
(5)顶面孔加工:将步骤(4)所得气缸盖装入专用夹具内,顶面朝上,底面朝下,确定需要钻孔的位置,通过钻孔、扩孔、铣孔以及锪孔平面4个工艺对通孔进行加工,并将孔的直径控制在一定的公差范围内;
(6)热处理:将步骤(5)所得的气缸盖进行渗碳处理和淬火处理;
(7)钝化处理:将步骤(6)所得的气缸盖放入酸洗液内,提高耐腐蚀效果;
(8)涂装:将油漆通过搅拌机进行搅拌均匀,调整油漆所需粘度,通过添加增稠剂,将采用油漆粘度控制在2000-2500mpa.s之间;通过采用气压隔膜泵作为喷涂动力源,采用空气喷涂的涂装法,将喷涂室进行干燥处理,降低空气中水份含量对空气喷涂的影响,进行多次喷涂,喷涂时可以将喷涂的压力控制在70-89KG/cm²之间、喷涂的时间控制在60s-85s之间,使得气压隔膜泵内油漆均匀的涂布在步骤(7)所得的气缸盖表面;将喷涂后的气缸盖放置于烤漆炉进行烤漆处理;并通过冰水循环热交换器进行冷却降温,以便于收集;
(9)成型:抛光打磨,包装成品。
本发明进一步设置为:所述步骤(3)中控制浇注时的温度在690℃-700℃之间,流量和流速均控制在定值,定值在20cm²/s-25/scm²之间,浇注过程包括升液阶段、充型阶段、保压阶段以及卸压阶段,分别将升液阶段的时间控制在13s-15s之间,型腔内压力控制在8.2kpa-9kpa之间,充型阶段的时间控制在37s-40s之间,保压阶段的时间控制在500s-550s之间,充型阶段和保压阶段需要将型腔内压力控制在42kpa-45kpa之间,卸压阶段的时间控制在30s以内,冷却阶段的时间控制在500s-600s之间。
本发明进一步设置为:所述步骤(5)中的专用夹具,包括机架、设置于机架上的工作台、设置于工作台上且用于夹持气缸盖的若干夹具框、用于支撑气缸盖且与夹具框同侧设置的若干顶杆以及用于驱动夹具框以及支撑杆运动的驱动装置,夹具框沿气缸盖的周侧均匀分布,且气缸盖的各边均分布有两夹具框,各顶杆呈环形阵列状分布。
本发明进一步设置为:所述步骤(6)中的渗碳处理时,可采用气体渗碳、固体渗碳或者是液体渗碳,主要目的是在气缸盖的表面形成2mm-3mm的渗碳层,并通过淬火处理对气缸盖的表面应力加以压缩,淬火处理时加热至450~500℃,保温5h-6h,迅速放入60~100℃的水中淬火,然后置于空气中冷却到室温。
本发明进一步设置为:所述步骤(7)中的钝化处理,通过酸洗钝化处理,并采用HNO3和HF的混合溶液进行酸洗,浓度比例为5:1,温度控制在35℃-49℃之间。
通过采用上述技术方案,有益效果:1.采用上述工艺生产的气缸盖,使得气缸盖的每部分区域的内应力均匀分布,提高了各部分受力能力;
2.本发明从选材到成型成品的步骤中,其中熔炼和浇注的温度、气压等其他参数的控制,则是为了提高铝液的纯度,而控制流速以及流量则是为了增加在浇注过程中对铸件各部分组织的均匀程度的控制,使得在浇注的过程中,可以以相同的速度充型至型腔内,并通过调整腔内气压,提高成型效果,并可以充分发挥材料本身的特性,增加了气缸盖的性能;
3.本发明对浇注后的铸件进行了抛光和顶面孔加工,并在顶面孔加工后再进行热处理及钝化处理,避免了先进行热处理和钝化处理后增加顶面孔加工的难度;
4.本发明的工艺流程简便直接,便于批量加工,并且成品具备良好的结构强度以及良好的实用性。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺实施例的工艺流程图。
图2为本发明一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺实施例专用夹具的结构示意图。
图3为本发明一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺实施例的涂装工艺的参数图。
图4为本发明一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺实施例的成品气缸盖的性能表。
具体实施方式
参照图1至图4对本发明一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺实施例做进一步说明。
一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺,包括如下步骤:(1)选材:原材料的各化学成份(%):Fe≤1.3,Si:9.6-12,Cu:1.5-3.5,Mn≤0.5,Mg≤0.3,Ni≤0.5,Zn≤3.0,Pb≤0.2,Sn≤0.2,其余成份为Al;
(2)熔炼:将步骤(1)中的原材料熔炼熔化至800-850℃左右,通过GBF处理对原材料进行精炼,除气,除渣,并静置10min后将精炼除气后的铝液转移到低压铸机的保护炉内,并把待浇注的铝液控制在690℃~700℃之间;
(3)浇注:将原材料形成的浇注液通过铁水通道由浇口杯到型腔内,控制浇注时的温度在690℃-700℃之间,流量和流速均控制在定值,定值在20cm²-25cm²之间,浇注过程包括升液阶段、充型阶段、保压阶段以及卸压阶段,分别将升液阶段的时间控制在13s-15s之间,型腔内压力控制在8.2kpa-9kpa之间,充型阶段的时间控制在37s-40s之间,保压阶段的时间控制在500s-550s之间,充型阶段和保压阶段需要将型腔内压力控制在42kpa-45kpa之间,卸压阶段的时间控制在30s以内,冷却阶段的时间控制在500s-600s之间,得到初步成型的气缸盖;
(4)抛光:取出成型铸件,采用喷砂方法将铸件的表面清洗干净;清除铸件的飞边和毛刺,测量铸件表面粗糙度和以及各尺寸是否达到公差的要求的范围内,采用机械抛光机对铸件的表面进行抛光处理;
(5)顶面孔加工:将步骤(4)所得气缸盖装入专用夹具内,专用夹具,包括机架、设置于机架上的工作台1、设置于工作台1上且用于夹持气缸盖的若干夹具框2、用于支撑气缸盖且与夹具框2同侧设置的若干顶杆3以及用于驱动夹具框2以及支撑杆3运动的驱动装置4,夹具框2沿气缸盖的周侧均匀分布,且气缸盖的各边均分布有两夹具框2,各顶杆3呈环形阵列状分布,在使用时,初步成型的气缸盖顶面朝上,底面朝下,通过夹具框2对气缸盖平整的部分进行夹持,并且可以充分的利用各夹具框2,以达到均匀的受力,并且通过各顶杆3支撑于需要加工顶面圆的周侧,避免气缸盖在加工时发生位置的偏移,从而发生尺寸的偏差,并通过钻孔、扩孔、铣孔以及锪孔平面4个工艺对通孔进行加工,将孔的直径控制在一定的公差范围内;
(6)热处理:将步骤(5)所得的气缸盖进行渗碳处理和淬火处理,在渗碳处理时,可采用气体渗碳、固体渗碳或者是液体渗碳,主要目的是在气缸盖的表面形成2mm-3mm的渗碳层,并通过淬火处理对气缸盖的表面应力加以压缩,淬火处理时加热至450~500℃,保温5h-6h,迅速放入60~100℃的水中淬火,然后置于空气中冷却到室温;
(7)钝化处理:将步骤(6)所得的气缸盖放入酸洗液内,在进行钝化处理时,通过酸洗钝化处理,并采用HNO3和HF的混合溶液进行酸洗,浓度比例为5:1,温度控制在35℃-49℃之间,提高耐腐蚀效果;
(8)涂装:将油漆通过搅拌机进行搅拌均匀,调整油漆所需粘度,通过添加增稠剂,将采用油漆粘度控制在2000-2500mpa.s之间;通过采用气压隔膜泵作为喷涂动力源,采用空气喷涂的涂装法,将喷涂室进行干燥处理,降低空气中水份含量对空气喷涂的影响,进行多次喷涂,喷涂时可以将喷涂的压力控制在70-89KG/cm²之间、喷涂的时间控制在60s-85s之间,使得气压隔膜泵内油漆均匀的涂布在步骤(7)所得的气缸盖表面;将喷涂后的气缸盖放置于烤漆炉进行烤漆处理;并通过冰水循环热交换器进行冷却降温,以便于收集;
(9)成型:抛光打磨,包装成品。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,本领域的技术人员在本发明技术方案范围内进行通常的变化和替换都应包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:(1)选材:原材料的各化学成份(%):Fe≤1.3,Si:9.6-12,Cu:1.5-3.5,Mn≤0.5,Mg≤0.3,Ni≤0.5,Zn≤3.0,Pb≤0.2,Sn≤0.2,其余成份为Al;
(2)熔炼:将步骤(1)中的原材料熔炼熔化至800-850℃左右,通过GBF处理对原材料进行精炼,除气,除渣,并静置10min后将精炼除气后的铝液转移到低压铸机的保护炉内,并把待浇注的铝液控制在690℃~700℃之间;
(3)浇注:将原材料形成的浇注液通过铁水通道由浇口杯到型腔内,控制浇注时的温度、流量、流度以及型腔内的压力,并经过冷却初步成型;
(4)抛光:取出成型铸件,采用喷砂方法将铸件的表面清洗干净;清除铸件的飞边和毛刺,测量铸件表面粗糙度和以及各尺寸是否达到公差的要求的范围内,采用机械抛光机对铸件的表面进行抛光处理;
(5)顶面孔加工:将步骤(4)所得气缸盖装入专用夹具内,顶面朝上,底面朝下,确定需要钻孔的位置,通过钻孔、扩孔、铣孔以及锪孔平面4个工艺对通孔进行加工,并将孔的直径控制在一定的公差范围内;
(6)热处理:将步骤(5)所得的气缸盖进行渗碳处理和淬火处理;
(7)钝化处理:将步骤(6)所得的气缸盖放入酸洗液内,提高耐腐蚀效果;
(8)涂装:将油漆通过搅拌机进行搅拌均匀,调整油漆所需粘度,通过添加增稠剂,将采用油漆粘度控制在2000-2500mpa.s之间;通过采用气压隔膜泵作为喷涂动力源,采用空气喷涂的涂装法,将喷涂室进行干燥处理,降低空气中水份含量对空气喷涂的影响,进行多次喷涂,喷涂时可以将喷涂的压力控制在70-89KG/cm²之间、喷涂的时间控制在60s-85s之间,使得气压隔膜泵内油漆均匀的涂布在步骤(7)所得的气缸盖表面;将喷涂后的气缸盖放置于烤漆炉进行烤漆处理;并通过冰水循环热交换器进行冷却降温,以便于收集;
(9)成型:抛光打磨,包装成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺,其特征是:所述步骤(3)中控制浇注时的温度在690℃-700℃之间,流量和流速均控制在定值,定值在20cm²/s-25/scm²之间,浇注过程包括升液阶段、充型阶段、保压阶段以及卸压阶段,分别将升液阶段的时间控制在13s-15s之间,型腔内压力控制在8.2kpa-9kpa之间,充型阶段的时间控制在37s-40s之间,保压阶段的时间控制在500s-550s之间,充型阶段和保压阶段需要将型腔内压力控制在42kpa-45kpa之间,卸压阶段的时间控制在30s以内,冷却阶段的时间控制在500s-600s之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺,其特征是:所述步骤(5)中的专用夹具,包括机架、设置于机架上的工作台、设置于工作台上且用于夹持气缸盖的若干夹具框、用于支撑气缸盖且与夹具框同侧设置的若干顶杆以及用于驱动夹具框以及支撑杆运动的驱动装置,夹具框沿气缸盖的周侧均匀分布,且气缸盖的各边均分布有两夹具框,各顶杆呈环形阵列状分布。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺,其特征是:所述步骤(6)中的渗碳处理时,可采用气体渗碳、固体渗碳或者是液体渗碳,主要目的是在气缸盖的表面形成2mm-3mm的渗碳层,并通过淬火处理对气缸盖的表面应力加以压缩,淬火处理时加热至450~500℃,保温5h-6h,迅速放入60~100℃的水中淬火,然后置于空气中冷却到室温。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车用气缸盖的生产工艺,其特征是:所述步骤(7)中的钝化处理,通过酸洗钝化处理,并采用HNO3和HF的混合溶液进行酸洗,浓度比例为5:1,温度控制在35℃-49℃之间。
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