CN108536980A - A kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor - Google Patents
A kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor, it solves the problems, such as that the gas detector method for arranging totality early warning effect in the prior art based on experience and standard is undesirable, has and improve gas detector addressing prioritization scheme stability and security impact；Its technical solution is：Three-dimensional CFD model is established, monitor layer is set, divides plane grid, it is monitoring point to take grid node；Hazardous gas spillage scene collection is built, three-dimensional CFD model is simulated；It sets hazardous gas and detects warning concentration threshold value, extract arbitrary monitoring point and reach warning concentration required time；State space, state-transition matrix and state probability that gas detector breaks down in arbitrary monitoring point are defined, predicts the probability that different faults occur at monitoring point；Calculate the reliable probability of gas detector；The discrete location optimization model under Different Strategies is established, Optimized model is solved, preferably goes out the best site selection scheme in alternative point.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gas leakage safety monitoring technology field more particularly to a kind of gas spies considering reliability factor
Survey the discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of device.
Background technology
Under industry background in recent years, middle and upper reaches enterprise is bright to the exploitation amount of offshore oil and gas and the refinery processing capacity of crude oil
It is aobvious to be promoted, and in ocean platform, refinery device area etc., the adjoint hazardous gas spillage risk in places is also presented in production process
Situation is risen, more stringent requirements are proposed to Layout's strategy of gas detector and success detection efficiency for this.
Currently, generally detect hazardous gas spillage operating mode by gas detector both at home and abroad, and Its Relevant Technology Standards from
The installation specification and detection alarm for generally defining gas detector require, and traditional detector cloth based on experience and standard
Method is set during long-term practical application, the effect is unsatisfactory for overall early warning.Existing combination hazardous gas spillage diffusion
The improvement site selecting method of rule and mathematics planning strategy, emphasis consider source of leaks, leakage probability, meteorological condition, detector not
The influence of the Various Complexes factor such as availability and redundant voting system, but fail effectively to consider that detector is reliable under truth
Property changing rule, mostly assume detector be in ideal safe operation state.
Gas detector is not ideal working condition in the actual production process, the shape that do not alarm there are false alarm and
Condition.Unfavorable due to safeguarding and repairing, gas detecting and alarming instrument is susceptible to disabler, exports a series of failure moulds such as unstable
Formula reduces the security performance of detector arrangement scheme significantly.Therefore, the detector addressing side obtained by existing optimization method
Case shows slightly insufficient in terms of operational reliability.
Invention content
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, considering that the gas detector of reliability factor is discrete the present invention provides a kind of
Optimization Method for Location-Selection proposes two kinds of strategy process, has the stability and peace for improving gas detector addressing prioritization scheme
The effect of full property.
The present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor, includes the following steps：
Step (1) establishes three-dimensional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics, Fluid Mechanics Computation) model,
Monitor layer is arranged in setting height, and divides plane grid with setting arrangement spacing, and it is prison to take the grid node of the plane grid
Measuring point, the monitoring point are the alternative point of gas detector；
Step (2) builds hazardous gas spillage scene collection, calculates the probability of happening of each leakage scene, and to the three-dimensional
CFD model carries out numerical simulation, " detection time-leakage concentration " data sequence of record hazardous gas at each monitoring point；
Step (3) setting meets the hazardous gas detection warning concentration threshold value of field demand, and extracts all leakage scenes
Under arbitrary monitoring point j reach the warning concentration required time；
Step (4) defines state space, state-transition matrix and the shape that gas detector breaks down in arbitrary monitoring point j
State probability, and predict that the probability of different faults occurs at the j of monitoring point for gas detector；
Malfunction of the step (5) by gas detector in arbitrary monitoring point j is divided into down state according to severity
And available mode, calculate the reliable probability R of gas detectorj；
Step (6) establishes the discrete location optimization model of gas detector under Different Strategies, and to the Optimized model into
Row solves, and preferably goes out the best site selection scheme in all alternative points.
Further, in the step (1), according to the position of objective optimization regional device and geometric parameter, before CFD
The three-dimensional grid model that processing software is established.
Further, in the step (2), Numerical-Mode is carried out to the three-dimensional CFD model using using CFD solvers
It is quasi-；It includes a large amount of leakage scenes being freely combined out by source of leaks collection and wind field collection to leak scene collection.
Further, in the step (4), the history number that is broken down according to objective optimization region internal gas detector
According to definition Markov chain tripleAnd Markov model is established to predict the reliability of detector under truth
Changing rule.
Further, in the step (6), the foundation of the discrete location optimization model of gas detector is with the field of decision scheme
Scape probability weight accumulates the minimum optimization aim of detection time, while considering that gas detector is reliable under different arrangement demands
Property controlling policy, and using the arrangement quantity of gas detector as constraints, in case reconnaissance whether selection as binary decision
Variable.
Further, the strategy includes tactful one and strategy two, wherein strategy one is visited for only consideration arrangement separate gas
The situation for surveying device, when failure with the decision-making technique of larger detection time added value as an optimization；
Strategy two is to consider that the sub-optimal gas of preferred surrounding performance is visited when the failure of the gas detector of optimum position
Device is surveyed as spare, and with the decision-making technique of the detection time of auxiliary gas detector added value as an optimization.
Further, it is according to the discrete location optimization model of gas detector of one foundation of strategy：
Wherein,Indicate that addressing scheme isAccumulation detection time it is expected；PiIndicate hazardous gas spillage scene i's
Probability of happening；Expression gas detector j in the case where leaking scene i detects the time of hazardous gas spillage operating mode, at this time gas
The concentration index that detector successfully detects is C'；RjIndicate that relative reliability when gas detector is arranged in different location is general
Rate；Yi,jIndicate decision variable；It indicates when the gas detector of j points under leaking scene i fails, the one of imparting
A time penalty value.
Further, decision variable Yi,jThe mark of hazardous gas spillage operating mode successfully is detected for gas detector, when
Value is 1 when detector j takes the lead in successfully detecting alarm under leakage scene i, is otherwise 0.
Further, RjValue by defined in Markov chain model defective space quantity and prediction result determine.
Further, it is according to the discrete location optimization model of gas detector of two foundation of strategy：
Wherein,Expression auxiliary gas detector b in the case where leaking scene i detects the time of hazardous gas spillage operating mode,
The concentration index that auxiliary gas detector successfully detects at this time is C'；RbIt indicates that the gas at spare sensing point b will be laid in
Detector relative reliability probability；Yi,bIndicate decision variable.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) present invention does not consider detector reliability factor or only assumes that detector is in perfect condition compared to traditional
Detector Optimization Method for Location-Selection optimizes the historical data of zone gas detector operation troubles by combining target, utilizes
The reliability changing rule of gas detector under real conditions has been effectively predicted in Markov algorithms, improves gas detector choosing
The authenticity and reliability of location prioritization scheme；
(2) present invention further contemplates separate gas under the premise of considering gas detector reliability changing factor
Detector considers that preferred properties show sub-optimal gas detector as stand-by provision, and with cushion gas there is a situation where failing
The decision-making technique of the detection time of bulk detector added value as an optimization, the equalization setting for efficiently solving failure added value are asked
Topic, greatly improves stability and the safety of gas detector addressing prioritization scheme.
Specific implementation mode
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific implementation mode, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combination thereof.
As background technology is introduced, tradition exists in the prior art and is arranged based on the gas detector of experience and standard
The early warning deficiency that the effect is unsatisfactory of method totality, in order to solve technical problem as above, present applicant proposes a kind of considerations
The discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector of reliability factor.
In a kind of typical embodiment of the application, it is discrete to provide a kind of gas detector of consideration reliability factor
Optimization Method for Location-Selection has considered influence of the gas detector reliability factor to its addressing scheme, has effectively realized to true
In the case of reality at arbitrary monitoring point gas detector reliability changing rule prediction；Meanwhile with the scene probability of decision scheme
The minimum optimization aim of weighted accumulation detection time, using gas detector alternatively put whether selection as 0-1 decision variables, build
It has stood and has considered that the scene probability weight accumulation detection time of detector reliability minimizes model (Minimal Cumulative
Detection Time P-Median Model including Scenario Probability and Reliability,
MITP-SPR), include altogether two kinds of strategies.
It is as follows：
Step 1：According to the position of objective optimization regional device and geometric parameter, established using CFD pre-processing softwares three-dimensional
Monitor layer is being arranged in setting height for the characteristic of hazardous gas in CFD model, and flat to arrange that spacing divides as defined in standard
Surface grids, it is monitoring point to take the grid node of the plane grid, and the monitoring point is the alternative point of gas detector.
Step 2：The hazardous gas spillage scene collection in objective optimization region is built, leakage scene collection includes by source of leaks collection
A large amount of leakage scenes that (position, aperture) and wind field collection (wind direction, wind speed) are freely combined out；
Each scene is indicated with i, i ∈ [1, I], and the probability of happening of each leakage scene is expressed as：
Pi=P (led)·P(wθU) (1)
Wherein, P (led) indicate that the source of leaks probability of happening that aperture is d occurs in e equipment；
P(wθU) indicate wind direction be θ, the wind field occurrence frequency that wind speed is U；
Numerical simulation is carried out to the three-dimensional CFD model using CFD solvers, record hazardous gas is at each monitoring point
" detection time-leakage concentration " data sequence.
Step 3：According to associated specifications, setting meets the hazardous gas detection warning concentration threshold value of field demand, and
It extracts arbitrary monitoring point j under all leakage scenes and reaches the warning concentration required time.
Step 4：According to the historical data that detector in objective optimization region breaks down, Markov chain triple is definedAnd Markov model is established to predict the reliability changing rule of gas detector under truth, mainly count
Calculation process includes：
Step (1) hard objectives optimize the operation troubles classification situation of zone gas detector, define gas detector
Malfunction spaceAssuming that there are m kind malfunctions, then
Step (2) is according to the historical data sample of gas detector operating status, the transfer matrix in definition status spaceAssuming that n is the next step state that followed by state m occurs, then shapeIt is expressed as：
State-transition matrixThe computational methods of middle elements A (m, n) are：
Wherein, A (m, n) indicates the step transition probability from state m → n；
In c (m, n) expression sample datas, number accessed state n followed by state m.
Step (3) defines system mode m in state spaceIn initial probability distribution situation, be denoted as
πmComputational methods be：
In formula (4), NmIndicate the number that state m occurs in sample data；N indicates total sample number.
Fundamental property of the step (4) according to Markov chain, it is known that the probability vector of t moment, then gas detector is in t moment
State space distribution situation is expressed as：
For step (5) if Markov chain meets relationship shown in formula (6), Markov chain is Stationary Distribution at this time, and can be counted
Calculate the stationary value of end-state
If being unsatisfactory for formula (6), return to step (1)~(5) check information accuracy or rebuild detector
Markov chain prediction models.
Step (6) repeats step (1)~(5), predicts that all kinds of failures occur at different monitoring points j for gas detector respectively
Shape probability of state
Step 5：By gas detector arbitrary monitoring point j malfunction according to severity be divided into down state and
Available mode, it is assumed that state s1And s2Failure it is more serious and detector is caused to fail, then state (s1,s2) it is detector
Down state, and state (s3,s4,…,sm) be detector available mode；
Its usable probability at each alternative point j, the i.e. reliable probability of gas detector is calculated in conjunction with indigenous fault rate f
Rj；Reliable probability R at each alternative point j of gas detectorjIt is expressed as：
Step 6：The minimum optimization aim of detection time is accumulated with the scene probability weight of decision scheme, from different arrangements
Demand is set out, and proposes the discrete addressing optimisation strategy of gas detector of two kinds of consideration reliability factors：
Strategy one：The situation for only considering arrangement separate gas detector is made when failure with a larger detection time
To optimize the decision-making technique of added value；The detection timeIndicate the gas detector hair when the j points in the case where leaking scene i
When raw failure, a time penalty value of imparting；Larger detection time refers to be arranged most in step 2 numerical simulation
Big simulated time.
The discrete location optimization model of gas detector, model described in establishment strategy one are as follows：
Its constraints is：
Wherein,Indicate that addressing scheme isAccumulation detection time it is expected；
I indicates hazardous gas spillage scene set, I={ 1,2 ..., i }；
J indicates the alternative point set of gas detector, J={ 1,2 ..., j }；
PiIndicate the probability of happening of hazardous gas spillage scene i；
Expression gas detector j in the case where leaking scene i detects the time of hazardous gas spillage operating mode, at this time gas
The concentration index that detector successfully detects is C'；
RjIndicate relative reliability probability when gas detector is arranged in different location, value is by Markov chain model
Defined in defective space quantity and prediction result determine；
Yi,jIndicate decision variable, gas detector successfully is detected the mark of hazardous gas spillage operating mode, when in leakage field
Value is 1 when gas detector j takes the lead in successfully detecting alarm under scape i, is otherwise 0；
It indicates when the gas detector of j points under leaking scene i fails, the time of imparting punishes
Value；
yjIndicate decision variable, value is 1 when gas detector j successfully detects alarm, is otherwise 0；P indicates quasi- and lays
Gas detector sum.
Constraints (9) ensures that the gas detector for taking the lead in successfully detecting alarm under each leakage scene can only have one
It is a；Constraints (10) represents the gas detector cloth finally chosen and sets up an office sum as p；Constraints (11) ensures detection of gas
Alternatively point successfully has been detected hazardous gas spillage operating mode to device.
Strategy one completes the prediction of gas detector relative reliability R at each monitoring point by Markov algorithms, to
It is exaggerated influence of the added value to decision scheme.
Strategy two：When the failure of the gas detector of optimum position, it may be considered that the sub-optimal gas of preferred surrounding performance
Bulk detector is as spare, and with the decision-making technique of the detection time of auxiliary gas detector added value as an optimization；
The discrete location optimization model of gas detector, model described in establishment strategy two are as follows：
Its constraints is：
Wherein,Expression auxiliary gas detector b in the case where leaking scene i detects the time of hazardous gas spillage operating mode,
The concentration index that auxiliary gas detector successfully detects at this time is C'；
RbIt indicates that the detector relative reliability probability at auxiliary gas sensing point b will be laid in；
Yi,bIndicate decision variable, auxiliary gas detector successfully is detected the mark of hazardous gas spillage operating mode, when letting out
Value is 1 when auxiliary gas detector b takes the lead in successfully detecting alarm under leakage scene i, is otherwise 0；
ybIndicate decision variable, value is 1 when auxiliary gas detector b successfully detects alarm, is otherwise 0；
Constraints (16) indicates in the case where leaking scene i, cushion gas that the gas detector at j enables when failing
Bulk detector b can not be overlapped with the position of j, i.e., for a hazardous gas spillage scene, b ≠ j.
Strategy two is on the basis of Markov algorithms predict relative reliability, in order to reduce as far as possibleWhen value setting
Subjective impact further considers using the reliability weight temporal of alternative gas detector as above-mentioned added value, punishment at this time
Time is not fixed, is replaced with the detection time of alternative gas detector；Some tools can be further protruded in this way
There is the detection stability of the monitoring point of alternate gas detector.
The application further contemplates separate gas detection under the premise of considering gas detector reliability changing factor
Device considers that preferred properties show sub-optimal gas detector as stand-by provision, and with the auxiliary gas there is a situation where failing
The decision-making technique of the detection time of detector added value as an optimization efficiently solves the problems, such as the equalization setting of failure added value,
Greatly improve stability and the safety of gas detector addressing prioritization scheme.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiments of the application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of this application, any made by repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step (1) establishes three-dimensional CFD model, monitor layer is arranged in setting height, and divide plane grid with setting arrangement spacing,
It is monitoring point to take the grid node of the plane grid, and the monitoring point is the alternative point of gas detector；
Step (2) builds hazardous gas spillage scene collection, calculates the probability of happening of each leakage scene, and to the three-dimensional CFD moulds
Type carries out numerical simulation, " detection time-leakage concentration " data sequence of record hazardous gas at each monitoring point；
Step (3) setting meets the hazardous gas detection warning concentration threshold value of field demand, and extracts lower of all leakage scenes
Meaning monitoring point j reaches the warning concentration required time；
Step (4) defines gas detector at the beginning of state space, state-transition matrix and the state that arbitrary monitoring point j breaks down
Beginning probability, and predict that the probability of different faults occurs at the j of monitoring point for gas detector；
Gas detector is divided into down state according to severity in the malfunction of arbitrary monitoring point j and can by step (5)
With state, the reliable probability R of gas detector is calculatedj；
Step (6) establishes the discrete location optimization model of gas detector under Different Strategies, and asks the Optimized model
Solution, preferably goes out the best site selection scheme in all alternative points.
2. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in the step (1), according to the position of objective optimization regional device and geometric parameter, is built using CFD pre-processing softwares
Vertical three-dimensional CFD grid models.
3. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in the step (2), numerical simulation is carried out to the three-dimensional CFD model using CFD solvers；Leak scene Ji Bao
Include a large amount of leakage scenes being freely combined out by source of leaks collection and wind field collection.
4. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in the step (4), according to the historical data that objective optimization region internal gas detector breaks down, definition
Markov chain tripleAnd Markov model is established to predict that the reliability of detector under truth changes rule
Rule.
5. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in the step (6), the foundation of the discrete location optimization model of gas detector is with the scene probability weight of decision scheme
The minimum optimization aim of detection time is accumulated, while considering reliability effect plan of the gas detector under different arrangement demands
Slightly, and using the arrangement quantity of gas detector as constraints, in case reconnaissance whether selection as binary decision variable.
6. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor according to claim 5, special
Sign is that the strategy includes tactful one and strategy two, wherein strategy one arranges the feelings of separate gas detector for only consideration
Shape, when failure with the decision-making technique of larger detection time added value as an optimization；
Strategy two is to consider the sub-optimal gas detector of preferred surrounding performance when the failure of the gas detector of optimum position
As spare, and with the decision-making technique of the detection time of auxiliary gas detector added value as an optimization.
7. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor according to claim 6, special
Sign is that the discrete location optimization model of gas detector established according to strategy one is：
Wherein,Indicate that addressing scheme isAccumulation detection time it is expected；PiIndicate the generation of hazardous gas spillage scene i
Probability；Expression gas detector j in the case where leaking scene i detects the time of hazardous gas spillage operating mode, at this time detection of gas
The concentration index that device successfully detects is C'；RjIndicate relative reliability probability when gas detector is arranged in different location；Yi,j
Indicate decision variable；It indicates when the gas detector of j points under leaking scene i fails, the time of imparting
Penalty value.
8. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor according to claim 7, special
Sign is, decision variable Yi,jThe mark of hazardous gas spillage operating mode successfully is detected for gas detector, when in leakage scene i
Value is 1 when lower detector j takes the lead in successfully detecting alarm, is otherwise 0.
9. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor according to claim 7, special
Sign is, RjValue by defined in Markov chain model defective space quantity and prediction result determine.
10. a kind of discrete Optimization Method for Location-Selection of gas detector considering reliability factor according to claim 6, special
Sign is that the discrete location optimization model of gas detector established according to strategy two is：
Wherein,Expression auxiliary gas detector b in the case where leaking scene i detects the time of hazardous gas spillage operating mode, at this time
The concentration index that auxiliary gas detector successfully detects is C'；RbIt indicates that the detection of gas at spare sensing point b will be laid in
Device relative reliability probability；Yi,bIndicate decision variable.
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| CN110763809A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experimental verification method for optimal arrangement scheme of gas detector |
| CN110763809B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2022-03-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experimental verification method for optimal arrangement scheme of gas detector |
| CN116596350A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-08-15 | 交通运输部水运科学研究所 | Dangerous goods storage site selection optimization method, system and storage medium based on three-dimensional modeling |
| CN116596350B (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-19 | 交通运输部水运科学研究所 | Dangerous goods storage site selection optimization method, system and storage medium based on three-dimensional modeling |
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