CN108533211B - Complex stratum leakage channel simulation device - Google Patents
Complex stratum leakage channel simulation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108533211B CN108533211B CN201810443378.7A CN201810443378A CN108533211B CN 108533211 B CN108533211 B CN 108533211B CN 201810443378 A CN201810443378 A CN 201810443378A CN 108533211 B CN108533211 B CN 108533211B
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 315
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a complex stratum leakage channel simulation device, and relates to the technical field of test equipment in the petroleum and natural gas industry. The application comprises a plugging simulation cylinder, wherein the plugging simulation cylinder is used for packaging plugging simulation units with different combinations, the plugging simulation units comprise karst cave simulation units, crack simulation units and pore-permeability simulation units, and the plugging simulation units with different combinations are plugging simulation units with any combination of one or more of the karst cave simulation units, the crack simulation units and the pore-permeability simulation units; and (3) different plugging simulation units are arbitrarily combined and placed in a plugging simulation cylinder, so that the simulation of the leakage channel of the complex stratum is realized. The simulation device provided by the application can simulate permeability, cracking and hole leakage, and can perform multi-slit, hole-slit and slit-hole simulation combination at the same time, so that effective simulation of different leakage stratum is realized, and the plugging effect evaluation is better performed.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of test equipment in the petroleum and natural gas industry, in particular to a complex stratum leakage channel simulation device which is used for simulating a downhole leakage channel and realizing leakage blocking effect evaluation.
Technical Field
Lost circulation is a phenomenon commonly existing in petroleum and natural gas exploration and development processes, the occurrence of lost circulation not only causes the increase of the cost of working fluid, but also easily causes underground complex accidents such as blowout, drilling sticking, well collapse and the like, and when serious, the lost circulation can cause the rejection of part of well sections or all well sections, thereby causing great economic loss. Lost circulation must occur under two basic conditions: first, leak-off passages (e.g., pores, cracks, or karst cave) exist in the formation; secondly, a positive pressure difference exists between the well bore and the stratum, which enables the working fluid to flow in the leakage channel. Well leaks can be categorized into, according to the leak-off channel, porosity leak-off, fracture leak-off, pore-fracture leak-off, karst leak-off, etc. After lost circulation, the leakage blocking materials adopted are different due to the different stratum leakage mechanisms and leakage channels, and how to effectively block the leakage layer in time is a very important work. Therefore, in order to improve the implementation effect of on-site plugging, the underground condition needs to be simulated by a test device, the plugging effect of the plugging material is verified, and a scientific experimental basis is provided for the improvement and optimization of a plugging scheme.
The leakage stoppage evaluation test device is developed in early sixties of the twentieth century abroad, and various leakage stoppage test devices with different functions are used for theoretical research and leakage stoppage operation effect evaluation by the last eighties of the twentieth century. A batch of plugging evaluation test devices are developed or improved by referring to foreign experience in China from the middle of the eighties of the twentieth century, and corresponding results are obtained. However, because the leak-stopping material has poor self-adaptability, the problem of lost circulation is not solved well due to the lack of a more scientific leak-stopping and leak-stopping evaluation experimental technology, and the leak-stopping and leak-stopping material is particularly important for simulating and evaluating the complex leak-stopping stratum.
The device can evaluate the plugging of the fractured leakage stratum with different seam widths and also evaluate the plugging capability of the stratum with different permeability or porosity. However, the biggest disadvantage is that the slit plate is relatively thin (only 6.4 mm), the plugging agent either does not enter the slit or passes through the slit, and an effective wall is difficult to form in the slit; secondly, the seam plate structure is single, and the requirement of complex stratum simulation evaluation cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the application provides a complex stratum leakage channel simulation device, which can simulate permeability, cracking and hole leakage, and can perform multi-slit, hole-slit and slit-hole simulation combination to effectively simulate different leakage stratum, thereby better evaluating the leakage blocking effect.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
a complicated stratum leakage channel simulation device is characterized in that: the leakage stoppage simulation device comprises a leakage stoppage simulation barrel, wherein the leakage stoppage simulation barrel is used for packaging leakage stoppage simulation units with different combinations, the leakage stoppage simulation units comprise karst cave simulation units, crack simulation units and pore-permeability simulation units, and the leakage stoppage simulation units with different combinations are leakage stoppage simulation units with any combination of one or more of the karst cave simulation units, the crack simulation units and the pore-permeability simulation units; and (3) different plugging simulation units are arbitrarily combined and placed in a plugging simulation cylinder, so that the simulation of the leakage channel of the complex stratum is realized.
The plugging simulation cylinder comprises a main body structure, a hollow fixed plug and a diversion elbow, wherein the main body structure is a cylindrical sleeve, a plugging simulation cylinder cavity is arranged in the main body structure, and the plugging simulation cylinder cavity is used for packaging plugging simulation units with different combinations; one end of the plugging simulation cylinder cavity is provided with a step, the other end of the plugging simulation cylinder cavity is connected with the hollow fixed plug, and the diversion elbow is connected with the hollow fixed plug.
The sealing fixing ring is arranged in one end, connected with the hollow fixing plug, of the plugging simulation cylinder cavity, and the hollow fixing plug presses the sealing fixing ring in a squeezing mode.
The sealing fixing ring is provided with an O-shaped groove, and an O-shaped rubber ring is placed in the O-shaped groove.
The hollow fixed plug is in threaded connection with the main body structure of the plugging simulation cylinder.
Four symmetrical round holes are formed in the upper part, the lower part, the front part and the rear part of the hollow fixed plug.
The upper end of the main body structure is provided with a concave groove.
The karst cave simulation units in the plugging simulation units are divided into non-reducing karst cave simulation units, reducing karst cave simulation units and non-reducing combined karst cave simulation units.
The karst cave simulation unit divides the karst cave simulation unit body into two parts through a dividing line, namely a lower semicircle of the karst cave simulation unit and an upper semicircle of the karst cave simulation unit; the middle hollow part is a karst cave structure; the karst cave simulation unit body is provided with a certain number of penetrating screw holes, and the lower semicircle of the karst cave simulation unit and the upper semicircle of the karst cave simulation unit are connected into a whole through pan head screws.
The karst cave diameter of the non-reducing karst cave simulation unit is fixed, the karst cave diameters of the upper surface and the lower surface of the karst cave simulation unit body are the same, and two symmetrical threaded holes are formed in the lower surface of the karst cave simulation unit body of the non-reducing karst cave simulation unit.
The karst cave simulation unit comprises a karst cave simulation unit body, a karst cave simulation unit with a variable diameter, a control unit and a control unit, wherein the karst cave simulation unit body is provided with two symmetrical threaded holes, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the karst cave simulation unit body of the variable diameter karst cave simulation unit are different in karst cave diameter.
The crack simulation unit in the plugging simulation unit consists of a crack fixing sleeve and a crack combination unit, wherein the crack fixing sleeve is cylindrical in shape, and the crack combination unit is divided into a reducing crack combination, a non-reducing crack combination and a reducing-non-reducing combination.
The inside of the crack fixing sleeve is of a cuboid hollow structure, two symmetrical through holes are formed in the upper surface of the crack fixing sleeve, and four symmetrical threaded holes are formed in the lower surface of the crack fixing sleeve.
The cracks of the crack combination unit are formed by splicing gaskets and partition plates; the gasket is divided into a flat gasket and a hexahedral gasket, and the partition plate is divided into a flat partition plate and a hexahedral partition plate; two or more holes are formed in the gasket and the partition plate, the same number of threaded holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the cover plate and the bottom plate, and the cover plate, the gasket, the partition plate and the bottom plate are fixed through countersunk screws.
The non-reducing crack simulation units with different slit widths and different slit numbers can be combined at will by adopting the flat gasket and the flat partition plate.
The flat gasket, the hexahedral gasket, the flat partition plate and the hexahedral partition plate can realize the crack combination with different seam widths, reducing and non-reducing combination and different seam numbers.
The pore-permeability simulation unit in the plugging simulation unit is filled in a cylinder by adopting a filling material, a proper separation net is selected according to the particle size of the filling material, and the separation net is connected to the positions of the upper port and the lower port of the cylinder through threads to simulate a permeability and a porosity leakage stratum.
The filling material is one or a combination of more of steel balls, sand and cobbles.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects brought by the application are as follows:
1. the existing plugging test device can only perform simulation evaluation on a single plugging layer, and can not perform simulation combination on complex plugging strata such as multiple joints, holes-joints, joints-holes and the like. The application is composed of a plugging simulation cylinder and different plugging simulation units, can realize the simulation of single permeable stratum, porous stratum, fractured stratum and porous stratum, and simultaneously realizes single-slit combination, multi-slit combination, slit-hole combination and the like with different sizes through the combination of different simulation units, and is used for simulating different complex stratum, thereby better simulating stratum leakage condition and realizing effective plugging effect evaluation.
2. The application provides a complex stratum leakage channel simulation device which can simulate permeability, cracking and hole leakage, and can perform multi-slit, hole-slit and slit-hole simulation combination at the same time, so that effective simulation of different leakage stratum is realized, and the leakage blocking effect evaluation is better performed. And (3) the different leakage layer simulation units are combined at will and placed in the leakage blocking simulation cylinder, so that the simulation of the leakage channel of the complex stratum is realized.
3. In the application, the plugging simulation barrel is a cylindrical sleeve and is used for packaging a plugging simulation unit and simulating a complex leakage stratum. The plugging simulation cylinder consists of a main body structure, a sealing fixing ring, a hollow fixing plug and a diversion elbow. The threaded connector in the main body structure is connected with any matched plugging experimental device and is sealed by adopting an O-shaped rubber ring; the built-in step is used for supporting and fixing different plugging simulation units in the plugging simulation cylinder, and meanwhile, a red copper gasket can be used for sealing between the built-in step and the plugging simulation unit; the concave groove is convenient for installing and dismantling the plugging simulation cylinder in the experimental process; the plugging simulation cylinder cavity is used for packaging different types of plugging simulation unit combinations and realizing the simulation of the leakage channel of the complex stratum. The sealing fixing ring is arranged in the cavity of the plugging simulation cylinder and is arranged behind the plugging simulation unit; the sealing fixing ring is provided with an O-shaped groove for placing an O-shaped rubber ring, so that the sealing between the sealing fixing ring and the plugging simulation cylinder cavity is realized. The hollow fixed plug is connected with the main body structure of the plugging simulation cylinder through a threaded interface, and the plugging simulation unit is fixed through the extrusion action of the hollow fixed plug on the sealing fixed ring; four symmetrical round holes are formed in the upper portion, the lower portion, the front portion and the rear portion of the hollow fixed plug, and the hollow fixed plug is convenient to install and detach in the experimental process. The bent joint can be connected with the hollow fixed plug through threads, so that the flow guiding effect is achieved.
4. The karst cave simulation units in the application can be divided into non-reducing, non-reducing combination, reducing combination and non-reducing and reducing combination karst cave simulation units. The non-reducing karst cave simulation unit divides the karst cave simulation unit into two parts through a Z-shaped dividing line, namely a lower semicircle of the karst cave simulation unit and an upper semicircle of the karst cave simulation unit; the middle hollow part is a non-reducing karst cave; the karst cave simulation units are provided with a certain number of threaded holes which penetrate through, and the two parts are connected into a whole through cross groove pan head screws; the lower surface of the non-reducing karst cave simulation unit is provided with two symmetrical threaded holes, so that the non-reducing karst cave simulation unit can be taken out of the plugging simulation barrel by adopting a corresponding threaded rod after an experiment. The variable-diameter karst cave simulation unit divides the karst cave simulation unit into two parts through a Z-shaped dividing line, namely a lower semicircle of the karst cave simulation unit and an upper semicircle of the karst cave simulation unit; the middle hollow part is a variable-diameter karst cave structure; the karst cave simulation units are provided with a certain number of threaded holes which penetrate through, and the two parts are connected into a whole through cross groove pan head screws; the upper surface and the lower surface of the variable-diameter karst cave simulation unit are respectively provided with two symmetrical threaded holes, so that the variable-diameter karst cave simulation unit can be taken out of the plugging simulation barrel by adopting corresponding threaded rods after experiments. By changing the hollow part in the karst cave simulation unit, the structure of non-reducing karst cave combination, reducing karst cave combination and non-reducing and reducing karst cave combination is adopted, so that the corresponding combined karst cave simulation unit can be formed.
5. The crack simulating unit consists of a crack fixing sleeve and a crack combining unit. The crack fixing sleeve is cylindrical in shape and is of a cuboid hollow structure inside; the upper surface of the cylinder is provided with two symmetrical non-threaded holes, and the lower surface of the cylinder is provided with four symmetrical threaded holes. When two different fracture simulation units are combined, the two fracture simulation units can be connected with two symmetrical threaded holes in the lower surface of the first fracture simulation unit through the threaded connector of the fixing rod, and the other non-threaded part of the fixing rod can be directly inserted into the non-threaded hole in the upper surface of the second fracture simulation unit, so that the two fracture simulation units are fixed; and the two threaded holes remained in the lower surface of the crack simulation unit are convenient for taking out the crack simulation unit from the plugging simulation cylinder by adopting corresponding threaded rods after experiments. The crack combination unit can be divided into a non-reducing crack combination, a reducing crack combination and a non-reducing crack combination. The crack combination is characterized in that: the crack is formed by splicing a gasket and a baffle; the gasket is divided into a flat gasket and a hexahedral gasket, and the partition plate is divided into a flat partition plate and a hexahedral partition plate; two or more holes are formed in the gasket and the partition plate, the same number of threaded holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the cover plate and the bottom plate, and the cover plate, the gasket, the partition plate and the bottom plate are fixed through countersunk screws; the non-reducing crack simulation units with different seam widths and different seam numbers can be arbitrarily combined by adopting the flat gasket and the flat partition plate; the flat gasket, the hexahedral gasket, the flat partition plate and the hexahedral partition plate can realize the crack combination with different seam widths, reducing and non-reducing combination and different seam numbers. In the crack combination unit, smooth and rough crack surfaces can be simulated by arranging different roughness on the surface of the partition plate.
6. The pore-permeability simulation unit of the present application is characterized in that: steel balls, sand, cobbles and the like are adopted to be filled in the cylinder, a proper separation net is selected according to the size of the filler, and the separation net is connected to the positions of the upper port and the lower port of the cylinder through threads to simulate permeability and porosity leakage stratum.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plugging simulation cartridge according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a non-reducing karst cave simulation unit according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a variable diameter karst cave simulation unit according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a crack fixing sleeve in a crack simulation unit according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a non-reducing fracture simulation unit according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a reducing fracture simulation unit according to the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of two gaskets in a crack simulation unit according to the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of two types of spacers in a crack simulation unit according to the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pore-permeability modeling unit of the present application;
reference numerals: 100. the device comprises a plugging simulation cylinder 1, a main body structure, a threaded connector 2, a step 3, a concave groove 4, a concave groove 5, a plugging simulation cylinder cavity 6, an internal threaded connector 7, a sealing fixing ring 8, an O-shaped groove 9, a hollow fixing plug 10, an external threaded connector 11, a round hole 12, an internal thread 13, an external thread 14 and a diversion elbow; 15. screw holes, 16, parting lines, 17, lower semicircles of karst cave simulation units, 18, upper semicircles of karst cave simulation units, 19, karst cave structures, 20, pan head screws, 21, crack fixing sleeves, 22, cuboid hollow structures, 23, upper surfaces of the crack fixing sleeves, 24, perforations, 25, lower surfaces of the crack fixing sleeves, 26, flat gaskets, 27, hexahedral gaskets, 28, flat partition plates, 29, hexahedral partition plates, 30, cover plates, 31, bottom plates, 32, countersunk head screws, 33, cylinders, 34 and separation nets.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As another preferred embodiment of the present application, an apparatus for simulating a fracture-porosity thief zone is disclosed: fracture-porosity leakage formation simulation may use a pattern of fracture simulation units in combination with pore-permeability simulation units. According to the experimental requirements, as shown in fig. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, by selecting different gasket and spacer combinations, a crack combination unit with specific crack width, reducing or non-reducing, single-crack or multi-crack combination is simulated, and the crack combination unit is placed into a crack fixing sleeve 21, so that a crack simulation unit with specific requirements is obtained; the steel balls with specific size are selected and filled in the cylinder 33, and matched separation net 34 is adopted to be connected to the positions of the upper port and the lower port of the cylinder 33 through threads, so that the specific porosity simulation unit meeting the experimental requirements is obtained. The red copper gasket is placed on the built-in step 3 of the plugging simulation cartridge 100, and is sequentially placed into a crack simulation unit and a pore-permeability simulation unit, wherein the upper surface 23 of the crack fixing sleeve is in contact with the red copper gasket. A sealing and fixing ring 7 is placed in contact with the porosity simulation unit. The hollow fixed plug 9 is connected with the main structure 1 of the plugging simulation barrel and screwed tightly to fix the plugging simulation unit in the plugging simulation barrel 100 so as to avoid movement in the experimental process. Finally, the diversion elbow 14 is connected with the hollow fixed plug 9, and plays a role in diversion in the experimental process. According to the size of the leakage channel simulation device, a plurality of leakage blocking simulation units can be placed in the leakage blocking simulation cylinder cavity 5 to perform effective simulation.
Example 2
As another preferred embodiment of the present application, the present embodiment discloses an apparatus for simulating a fractured leak-off formation: the fracture leakage stratum simulation can be combined simulation by using different fracture simulation units. According to experimental requirements, as shown in fig. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, by selecting different combinations of gaskets and spacers, a crack combination unit with specific crack width, reducing or non-reducing, single-crack or multi-crack combination is simulated, and the crack combination unit is placed in the crack fixing sleeve 21, so that different crack simulation units with specific requirements are obtained. The red copper gasket is placed on the built-in step 3 of the plugging simulation barrel 100, and a first crack simulation unit is placed, wherein the upper surface of the crack fixing sleeve 21 is contacted with the red copper gasket, and two symmetrical threaded holes on the lower surface 25 of the crack fixing sleeve are connected with the fixing rods. Subsequently, a second crack simulating unit is placed with two perforations 24 of the upper surface 23 of the crack fixing sleeve abutting against the fixing bars of the first crack simulating unit connected to the lower surface 25 of the crack fixing sleeve. A sealing and fixing ring 7 is placed in contact with the second fracture simulation unit. The hollow fixed plug 9 is connected with the main structure 1 of the plugging simulation barrel 100 and screwed tightly to fix the plugging simulation unit in the plugging simulation barrel 100 so as to avoid movement in the experimental process. Finally, the diversion elbow 14 is connected with the hollow fixed plug 9, and plays a role in diversion in the experimental process. According to the size of the leakage channel simulation device, a plurality of simulation units can be placed in the plugging simulation cylinder cavity 5 to perform effective simulation.
Example 3
As another preferred embodiment of the present application, the present embodiment discloses an apparatus for simulating karst cave-fractured-fluid-loss stratum: the karst cave-fissured leakage stratum simulation can be realized by combining a karst cave simulation unit and a fissure simulation unit. According to experimental requirements, different gasket and spacer combinations are selected to simulate a crack combination unit with specific crack width, reducing or non-reducing, single-crack or multi-crack combination, and the crack combination unit is placed into a crack fixing sleeve 21, so that a crack simulation unit with specific requirements is obtained; according to the experimental requirement, a specific type of karst cave simulation unit is selected. The red copper gasket is placed on the built-in step 3 of the plugging simulation barrel 100, and is sequentially placed into a karst cave simulation unit and a crack simulation unit, wherein the upper surface of the karst cave simulation unit (the simulation unit with the variable-diameter karst cave, and the lower surface can be selected according to the requirement) is contacted with the red copper gasket. A sealing and fixing ring 7 is placed in contact with the crack simulation unit. The hollow fixed plug 9 is connected with the main structure 1 of the plugging simulation barrel 100 and screwed tightly to fix the plugging simulation unit in the plugging simulation barrel (figure 1) so as to avoid movement in the experimental process. Finally, the diversion elbow 14 is connected with the hollow fixed plug 9, and plays a role in diversion in the experimental process. According to the size of the leakage channel simulation device, a plurality of simulation units can be placed in the plugging simulation cylinder cavity 5 to perform effective simulation.
Example 4
As a further preferred embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 1-9 of the specification, this embodiment discloses:
the complex stratum leakage channel simulation device comprises a leakage blocking simulation cylinder, wherein the leakage blocking simulation cylinder is used for packaging leakage blocking simulation units with different combinations, the leakage blocking simulation units comprise karst cave simulation units, crack simulation units and pore-permeability simulation units, and the leakage blocking simulation units with different combinations are leakage blocking simulation units with any combination of one or more of the karst cave simulation units, the crack simulation units and the pore-permeability simulation units; and (3) different plugging simulation units are arbitrarily combined and placed in a plugging simulation cylinder, so that the simulation of the leakage channel of the complex stratum is realized.
In this embodiment, the plugging simulation unit may be a karst cave leakage stratum simulated by placing one or more karst cave simulation units in the plugging simulation barrel, may be a karst cave leakage stratum simulated by placing one or more fracture simulation units in the plugging simulation barrel, may be a karst cave penetration stratum simulated by placing one or more pore-penetration simulation units in the plugging simulation barrel, may be a karst cave simulation unit and fracture simulation unit combination, a karst cave simulation unit and pore-penetration simulation unit combination, a karst cave simulation unit and karst cave simulation unit combination, a karst cave simulation unit and a pore-penetration simulation unit combination, a karst cave crack simulation unit and pore-penetration simulation unit combination, a karst cave-crack leakage stratum, a karst cave-crack-pore leakage stratum, and the like, and may be a simulation of a complex stratum leakage channel.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the plugging simulation barrel 100 is a cylindrical sleeve for encapsulating a plugging simulation unit and simulating a complex leaking stratum. The plugging simulation cylinder 100 consists of a main body structure 1, a sealing fixing ring 7, a hollow fixing plug 9 and a diversion elbow 14. The threaded connector 2 in the main body structure 1 is connected with any matched plugging experimental device and is sealed by an O-shaped rubber ring; the built-in step 3 is used for supporting and fixing different plugging simulation units in the plugging simulation barrel 100, and meanwhile, a red copper gasket can be adopted for sealing between the built-in step 3 and the plugging simulation units; the concave groove 4 is convenient for installing and dismantling the plugging simulation cylinder 100 in the experimental process; and the plugging simulation cylinder cavity 5 is used for packaging different types of plugging simulation unit combinations and realizing the simulation of the leakage channel of the complex stratum. The sealing fixing ring 7 is placed in the cavity of the plugging simulation cylinder and is placed behind the plugging simulation unit; the sealing fixing ring 7 is provided with an O-shaped groove 8 for placing an O-shaped rubber ring, so that the sealing between the sealing fixing ring 7 and the plugging simulation cylinder cavity 5 is realized. The hollow fixed plug 9 is connected with the main body structure 1 of the plugging simulation cylinder through the internal thread interface 6 and the external thread interface 10, and the plugging simulation unit is fixed through the extrusion action of the hollow fixed plug 9 on the sealing fixed ring 7; four symmetrical round holes 11 are formed in the front and back of the hollow fixed plug 9, so that the hollow fixed plug 9 can be conveniently installed and detached in the experimental process. The guide elbow 14 can be connected with the hollow fixed plug 9 through the internal thread 12 and the external thread 13 to play a guide role.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the karst cave simulation units in the present embodiment may be divided into non-reducing, non-reducing combination, non-reducing and reducing combination karst cave simulation units. The non-reducing karst cave simulation unit divides the karst cave simulation unit into two parts, namely a lower semicircle 17 of the karst cave simulation unit and an upper semicircle 18 of the karst cave simulation unit through a Z-shaped dividing line 16; the middle hollow part is a non-reducing karst cave structure 19; the karst cave simulation units are provided with a certain number of screw holes which penetrate through, and the two parts are connected into a whole through the cross groove pan head screw 20; the lower surface of the non-reducing karst cave simulation unit is provided with two symmetrical threaded holes 15, so that the non-reducing karst cave simulation unit can be taken out of the plugging simulation barrel 100 by adopting a corresponding threaded rod after experiments. The variable-diameter karst cave simulation unit divides the karst cave simulation unit into two parts, namely a lower semicircle 17 of the karst cave simulation unit and an upper semicircle 18 of the karst cave simulation unit through a Z-shaped dividing line 16; the middle hollow part is a variable-diameter karst cave structure 19; the karst cave simulation units are provided with a certain number of screw holes which penetrate through, and the two parts are connected into a whole through the cross groove pan head screw 20; the upper surface and the lower surface of the variable-diameter karst cave simulation unit are respectively provided with two symmetrical threaded holes 15, so that the variable-diameter karst cave simulation unit can be taken out of the plugging simulation barrel 100 by adopting corresponding threaded rods after experiments. By changing the hollow part in the karst cave simulation unit, the structure of non-reducing karst cave combination, reducing karst cave combination and non-reducing and reducing karst cave combination is adopted, so that the corresponding combined karst cave simulation unit can be formed.
As shown in fig. 4 to 8, the crack simulating unit of the present embodiment is composed of a crack fixing sleeve 21 and a crack combining unit. The crack fixing sleeve 21 is cylindrical in shape and is internally provided with a cuboid hollow structure 22; the upper surface 23 of the split fixing sleeve is provided with two symmetrical perforations 24 and the lower surface 25 of the split fixing sleeve is provided with four symmetrical threaded holes. When two different fracture simulation units are combined, the two fracture simulation units can be connected with two symmetrical threaded holes in the lower surface of the first fracture simulation unit through the threaded connector of the fixing rod, and the other non-threaded part of the fixing rod can be directly inserted into the through hole 24 in the upper surface of the second fracture simulation unit, so that the two fracture simulation units are fixed; and the two threaded holes remained in the lower surface of the crack simulation unit are convenient for taking out the crack simulation unit from the plugging simulation cylinder by adopting corresponding threaded rods after experiments. The crack combination unit can be divided into a non-reducing crack combination, a reducing crack combination and a non-reducing crack combination. The cracks of the crack combination are formed by splicing gaskets and partition plates; the gaskets are divided into a flat gasket 26 and a hexahedral gasket 27, and the separators are divided into a flat separator 28 and a hexahedral separator 29; two or more holes are formed in the gasket and the partition plate, the cover plate 30 and the bottom plate 31 are provided with the same number of threaded holes at the corresponding positions, and the cover plate 30, the gasket, the partition plate and the bottom plate 31 are fixed through countersunk screws 32; the non-reducing crack simulation units with different seam widths and different seam numbers can be arbitrarily combined by adopting the flat gasket 26 and the flat partition 28; the flat gasket 26, the hexahedral gasket 27, the flat separator 28 and the hexahedral separator 29 can be used for realizing different slit widths, variable diameters, combination of variable diameters and non-variable diameters and slit combinations with different slit numbers. In the crack combination unit, smooth and rough crack surfaces can be simulated by arranging different roughness on the surface of the partition plate.
As shown in fig. 9, the pore-permeability simulation unit of the present application adopts steel balls, sand, cobbles, etc. to fill the cylindrical body 33, selects a proper spacer 34 according to the size of the filling, and simulates the permeability and the porous leakage stratum by screwing the spacer at the positions of the upper and lower ports of the cylindrical body 33.
Claims (3)
1. A complicated stratum leakage channel simulation device is characterized in that: the leakage stoppage simulation system comprises a leakage stoppage simulation barrel (100), wherein the leakage stoppage simulation barrel (100) is used for packaging leakage stoppage simulation units with different combinations, the leakage stoppage simulation units comprise karst cave simulation units, crack simulation units and pore-permeability simulation units, and the leakage stoppage simulation units with different combinations are leakage stoppage simulation units with any combination of a plurality of karst cave simulation units, crack simulation units and pore-permeability simulation units; different plugging simulation units are arbitrarily combined and placed in a plugging simulation cylinder (100), so that the simulation of a complex stratum leakage channel is realized;
the plugging simulation barrel (100) comprises a main body structure (1), a hollow fixed plug (9) and a diversion elbow pipe (14), wherein the main body structure (1) is a cylindrical sleeve, a plugging simulation barrel cavity (5) is arranged in the main body structure, and the plugging simulation barrel cavity (5) is used for packaging plugging simulation units with different combinations; one end of the plugging simulation cylinder cavity (5) is provided with a step (3), the other end of the plugging simulation cylinder cavity is connected with the hollow fixed plug (9), and the diversion elbow (14) is connected with the hollow fixed plug (9);
the karst cave simulation unit in the plugging simulation unit is divided into a non-reducing karst cave simulation unit, a reducing karst cave simulation unit and a non-reducing combined karst cave simulation unit; the karst cave simulation unit body is divided into two parts by a dividing line (16), namely a lower semicircle (17) of the karst cave simulation unit and an upper semicircle (18) of the karst cave simulation unit; the middle hollow part is a karst cave structure (19); the karst cave simulation unit body is provided with a certain number of through screw holes, and the lower semicircle (17) of the karst cave simulation unit and the upper semicircle (18) of the karst cave simulation unit are connected into a whole through pan head screws (20);
the crack simulation unit in the plugging simulation unit consists of a crack fixing sleeve (21) and a crack combination unit, wherein the crack fixing sleeve (21) is cylindrical in shape, and the crack combination unit is divided into a reducing crack combination, a non-reducing crack combination and a reducing-non-reducing combination;
the cracks of the crack combination unit are formed by splicing gaskets and partition plates; the gaskets are divided into a flat gasket (26) and a hexahedral gasket (27), and the partition plates are divided into a flat partition plate (28) and a hexahedral partition plate (29); two or more holes are formed in the gasket and the partition plate, the same number of threaded holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the cover plate (30) and the bottom plate (31), and the cover plate (30), the gasket, the partition plate and the bottom plate (31) are fixed through countersunk screws (32);
the pore-permeability simulation unit in the plugging simulation unit is filled in a cylinder (33) by adopting a filling material, a proper separation net (34) is selected according to the particle size of the filling material, and the pore-permeability simulation unit is connected to the positions of the upper port and the lower port of the cylinder (33) through threads to simulate a permeability and a porosity leakage stratum.
2. A complex formation leak-off path simulation apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: a sealing fixing ring (7) is arranged in one end, connected with the hollow fixing plug (9), of the plugging simulation cylinder cavity (5), and the hollow fixing plug (9) extrudes the sealing fixing ring (7).
3. A complex formation leak-off path simulation apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: the inside of crack fixed sleeve (21) is cuboid hollow structure (22), and crack fixed sleeve's upper surface (23) is equipped with two symmetrical perforation (24), and crack fixed sleeve's lower surface (25) is provided with four symmetrical screw holes.
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| CN112096341B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-12-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Leakage simulation channel pipe, anti-impact release testing device and method |
| CN111441761A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-24 | 浙江大学城市学院 | Simulation device and simulation method for preventing slurry loss during formation drilling |
| CN113622900B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2023-09-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Stratum simulator and crack plugging instrument |
| CN112414915B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-07-29 | 山东大学 | Test system and method for simulating tunnel excavation seepage change under complex geological conditions |
| CN112684112A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Leakage-layer-simulating dynamic pressure-bearing leakage-stopping instrument |
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