CN112710805A - Experimental system for visual seepage flow of test mine water and purification characteristic - Google Patents
Experimental system for visual seepage flow of test mine water and purification characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental system for testing visual seepage and purification characteristics of mine water, and belongs to the field of rock seepage. The test device comprises a sample preparation system; the visual seepage system comprises a fixed frame, a toughened glass sleeve, an outer hoop body, a conical chassis, an axial loading assembly, a partition sleeve and the like; a water supply system consisting of a water pump with adjustable frequency; the data acquisition and analysis system consists of a water quality detection device, a pressure sensor, a pressure gauge, a camera, a flowmeter and a computer. The experimental method comprises the steps of controlling the axial pressure, the water pressure, the seepage characteristic under the seepage path and the water purification relation of the sample. The method can accurately simulate the seepage characteristics and the mine water purification degree of the fractured coal rock mass with different grading under the influence of periodic incoming pressure, radial-to-height ratio, seepage paths, water pressure and the like, and can visually explore the seepage and purification coupling relation so as to reveal the seepage characteristics of the top plate of the goaf and the purification degree of the mine water under different conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device and method for researching seepage and water purification of a fractured coal rock mass, belongs to the field of rock seepage, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for researching seepage and water purification characteristics of different zones of an overlying rock mass in a goaf.
Background
China is a large coal resource country, the coal yield is the top of the world, and as the economic development of China highly depends on coal, the main energy pattern of China still cannot be changed when coal is used for a long time currently and in the future. With the shift of the construction of large-scale energy bases and the development of coal resources to western ecological vulnerable areas in China, the vulnerable ecological environment and limited water resources are affected by the large-scale development of coal, and the shortage of water resources in the western ecological vulnerable areas becomes a key factor for restricting the scientific development of the coal industry in China. In recent years, due to the influence of high-intensity mining and mine drainage, and the combination of main flow upstream interception, surface water systems are dried year by year, so that the decline of large-area vegetation is reduced, grassland is degraded, the desertification process is accelerated, and the shortage and the damage of water resources seriously influence the lives of people in coal mining areas, are important factors for restricting the development of coal industry in the mining areas, and are also urgent problems for the resource development of the ecological fragile areas in the western parts.
In order to solve the problems of water resource loss and the like, students put forward a concept of building an underground reservoir in a goaf, and the underground reservoir engineering aims at realizing underground regulation and storage of water resources and joint scheduling of surface water and underground water and is a unified body of underground water artificial supply, underground water storage and artificial mining. Therefore, the research on the seepage characteristics of the overlying strata collapse zone crushed coal rock mass, the fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone rock mass in the goaf is particularly important. In order to realize green and cyclic utilization of water resources, the cleanness degree of the water stored in the underground reservoir needs to be improved urgently, so that the problem of influence on the water quality in the seepage process needs to be solved urgently.
At present, the research on the seepage dynamic process of mine water in the fractured coal rock mass is more, the research on the seepage characteristic and the water purification degree of the fractured coal rock mass under the whole overlying rock stratum of the goaf is less, and in order to better meet the field condition, the seepage characteristic and the water purification degree of the different areas of the overlying rock mass of the goaf under different coal rock distributions, the fracture degree, the confining pressure and the water pressure are systematically considered in the experimental method. Wherein, the loading and unloading according with the field periodic pressure law can be applied in the seepage process, and different seepage paths can be arranged for different areas with larger difference of permeability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an experimental system for testing visual seepage and purification characteristics of mine water, which is used for researching seepage and purification characteristics of a fractured coal rock mass under the influence of periodic incoming pressure, a radial-height ratio, a seepage path, water pressure and the like, and is used for revealing the seepage characteristics of a goaf roof and the purification degree of the mine water under different conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an experimental method for testing visual seepage and purification characteristics of mine water, and the specific experimental process comprises the following steps: preparing a crushed coal rock mass, loading and unloading, injecting water, analyzing seepage characteristics, and detecting water quality contrast purification degree. The seepage and purification characteristics of the mine water under different loading conditions in different areas of the goaf can be simulated, so that guidance is provided for determining the reasonable position of a well; the seepage and purification characteristics of the underground mine water under different grading conditions of the caving rock mass can be simulated; the seepage and purification characteristics of mine water under different coal-rock mixture ratios in the goaf can be simulated, and the purification effect of residual coal bodies in the goaf on the mine water under the condition of caving coal mining can be simulated; the complete seepage process of mine water from a caving zone → a fissure zone → the ground surface can be simulated.
The preparation of the fractured coal rock mass is divided into different coal rock proportions and different coal rock mass gradations, wherein the different coal rock proportions are prepared according to coal rock distribution in different areas of horizontal distribution and different areas of vertical distribution of a goaf roof; the selection of the different grading crushed coal rock mass is prepared according to the crushing degree of different zones of the overlying rock layer of the goaf.
The loading and unloading conditions comprise loading before seepage and loading and unloading in the seepage process, wherein the magnitude of a load value applied before seepage is set according to the confining pressure of an overlying rock stratum collapse zone, a fracture zone and a bending subsidence zone of the goaf; and the loading and unloading in the seepage process are set according to the periodic pressure situation of the top plate of the goaf.
And the water injection condition is set according to the water pressure condition of the upper water flow accumulated in different time spaces on the site on the top plate of the goaf.
In order to truly and accurately reflect the seepage characteristics of the different thicknesses of the broken coal rock mass of the top plate of the goaf, a plurality of groups of coal rock combinations which accord with the radius-height ratio of the field condition are arranged for experiment, the situation that the permeability of different areas is greatly different and the rock with the permeability far smaller than that of the broken coal rock mass is considered, a partition sleeve is designed to separate the broken coal rock mass to approximately replace the rock with the extremely small permeability, and the seepage path of the rock is directionally changed.
And analyzing the seepage characteristic, detecting the water quality contrast purification degree, wherein the water quality contrast purification degree comprises the salt content, the conductivity, the COD (chemical oxygen demand), the PH value, sulfate ions and suspended matters in water of the water before and after seepage, and researching the seepage water storage condition and the water quality purification degree of the rock mass overlying the goaf on site under different conditions.
Furthermore, in order to explore the relationship between the downward-upward seepage and the purification characteristics, the input water pipe and the output water pipe are provided with switching valves, and the switching valves can be mutually exchanged and communicated during experiments to simulate the purification characteristics of the on-site seepage from the top to the bottom to the goaf and the seepage and purification characteristics of the water pumping from the bottom to the top.
Further, in order to improve the water purification efficiency, different physicochemical additives can be added into the crushed coal rock mass sample as a comparison experiment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a testing apparatus for testing visual seepage and purification degree of mine water, comprising: the system comprises a sample preparation system, a visual seepage system, a water supply system and a data acquisition and analysis system;
the sample preparation system comprises a vibration screening device, a stirrer, an electronic scale and a mixing cylinder.
The visual seepage system comprises a visual seepage system and a data acquisition and analysis system, the visual seepage system is divided into a detachable fixed frame (11) and an outer barrel assembly (12), the outer barrel assembly is fixed on the detachable fixed frame, and an axial loading assembly (13) and a crushed coal rock mass partition sleeve (14) are embedded in the outer barrel assembly. Wherein the outer cylinder assembly is formed by assembling a toughened glass cylinder (121), an outer hoop body (122) and a conical water storage body (128); the axial loading assembly is arranged at the top of the partition sleeve and provides axial load through a hydraulic jack (15) fixed on the detachable fixed frame; the adjustable frequency water pump (31) is communicated with a water injection port of the axial loading assembly through a water injection pipe (33); the water containing barrels 1(21) and 2(22) are communicated with a lower water conveying port (129) in the outer barrel assembly through a water output pipe.
Furthermore, the fixing device is formed by assembling four threaded round rods, a screw cap, a pressure-bearing top plate and a pressure-bearing bottom plate, and is convenient to disassemble and carry.
Furthermore, the toughened glass cylinder (121) is made of transparent materials, so that the visualization of a seepage path is realized, a high-speed camera is used for recording the coal rock body seepage and water quality change process in the glass body, and the seepage and purification microscopic coupling relation under different conditions is explored.
Furthermore, the water conveying pipes are made of transparent materials, oval water collectors are arranged in the input and output water pipes respectively, the high-speed camera is used for recording the change of the chromaticity and the turbidity of water in the two water collectors in the seepage process, and the macroscopic coupling relation of seepage and purification under different conditions is explored.
Furthermore, filter instruments are arranged in the water containing barrels 2 and 22, and transparent materials are adopted for visually detecting the content of suspended impurities in the water after seepage purification.
Furthermore, two separating thin-wall cylinders are embedded in the toughened glass cylinder and used for isolating the crushed coal rock body to change a seepage path, and the partitioning sleeves can be set to be different in size.
Furthermore, the bottom of the toughened glass sleeve is provided with a convex ring which is riveted with the conical base plate provided with the groove and the outer hoop body provided with the groove respectively, and a sealing ring is arranged at the contact surface to improve the sealing performance and prevent stress concentration.
Furthermore, the outer hoop body of the toughened glass sleeve is provided with a graduated scale in the vertical direction, deformation of the crushed coal rock mass under different pressure effects is observed through the visual toughened glass sleeve, and the crushed coal rock mass with different height-diameter ratios is tested.
Further, the axial loading assembly is provided with a groove for mounting the pressure sensor, and the upper porous plate is fixed on the pressure sensor. Compared with axial pressure data measured by a hydraulic jack, the pressure sensor can reduce errors to a great extent and measure the real axial load of the sample.
Further, the diameters of the glass sleeve, the axial loading device, the conical bottom plate and the outer hoop body can be set to different sizes, and the glass sleeve, the axial loading device, the conical bottom plate and the outer hoop body are used for researching seepage characteristics and purification degree under the conditions of different height-diameter ratios.
The water supply system comprises a water storage tank and a frequency-adjustable water suction pump.
The data acquisition and analysis system comprises a pressure sensor, water filling port pressure gauge data, an intelligent electronic scale and a computer. The pressure sensor is used for measuring an axial load value; the water injection port piezometer tube is used for measuring the water pressure before seepage; the input and output water pipes are provided with flow meters and water quality detection devices for real-time detection and data collection, wherein the water quality detection devices adopt real-time circulation water quality detection devices.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions thereof, the following will briefly introduce the embodiments and the drawings used in the technical description thereof, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a visual seepage instrument and a coal and rock mass crushing loading assembly of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of the visual seepage apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an axial loading assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a seepage test method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic of the field sampling and drilling design of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-visual seepage apparatus; 2-a purified water collecting device; 3-a water supply system; 4-a data acquisition and analysis system;
11-detachable fixed mount; 12-an outer cylinder assembly; 13-an axial loading assembly; 14-breaking coal rock mass partition sleeve;
15-hydraulic jack;
21-water containing cylinder 1; 22-water containing cylinder 2; 23-an output water pipe; 24-a valve;
31-adjustable frequency water pump; 32-mine water supply;
41-pressure sensor display; 42-a computer; 43-a video camera; 44-a flow meter; 45 a water quality detection device;
111-screw cap; 112-a pressure-bearing top plate; 113-dowel bars; 114-a pressure-bearing bottom plate;
121-a tempered glass cylinder; 122-the outer hoop body; 123-measuring ruler; 124-lower permeable plate; 125-decompression sealing ring;
126-fixed bite slot; 127-screw preformed hole; 128-conical water storage; 129-lower water conveying port;
131-a force transmission plate; 132-a water pressure gauge; 133-a valve; 134-a sealing ring seating groove;
135-a sealing ring; 136-a pressure sensor; 137-arranging a permeable plate; 138-water injection port;
141-a segmented outer sleeve; 142-a zoned inner sleeve;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a visual seepage apparatus and a crushed coal rock mass loading assembly of the invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of the visual seepage apparatus of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the axial loading assembly of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a seepage test method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic of the field sampling and drilling design of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a test apparatus for testing visual seepage and purification degree of mine water, comprising:
the system comprises a visual seepage instrument 1, a purified water collecting device 2, a water supply system 3 and a data acquisition and analysis system 4;
visual seepage flow appearance (1), including visual seepage flow system and data acquisition and analytic system, visual seepage flow system divide into can dismantle mount (11) and urceolus assembly (12) two parts, and the urceolus assembly is fixed on can dismantling the mount, and embedded axial loading subassembly (13) and broken coal rock mass subregion sleeve (14). Wherein the outer cylinder assembly is formed by assembling a toughened glass cylinder (121), an outer hoop body (122) and a conical water storage body (128); the axial loading assembly is arranged at the top of the partition sleeve and provides axial load through a hydraulic jack (15) fixed on the detachable fixed frame; the adjustable frequency water pump (31) is communicated with a water injection port of the axial loading assembly through a water injection pipe (33); the water containing barrels 1 and 21 and the water containing barrels 2 and 22 are communicated with a lower water conveying port (129) in the outer barrel assembly through output water pipes, flow meters and water quality detection devices are arranged in the input and output water pipes for real-time detection, and data of the flow meters and the water quality detection devices, a pressure sensor display instrument (41) and a camera are led into a computer (42) for analysis through data lines.
The outer barrel assembly (12) is firstly assembled in the test, a lower water permeable plate (124) is wrapped by filter cloth and fixed on a conical water storage body (128), then the bottom of a toughened glass sleeve (121) is combined with the conical water storage body (128), wherein sealing rings are arranged at the inner contact surface and the occlusion contact surface of the toughened glass sleeve for sealing and preventing stress concentration, the assembly is assembled with an outer hoop body (122) and is provided with the sealing rings for preventing stress concentration, and the outer barrel assembly is fixed on a detachable fixing frame through a stress rod and a nut. And then the water outlet pipe is communicated with the lower water conveying port (129), a splitter is added to convey purified water to the water containing barrels 1(21) and the water containing barrels 2(22), wherein the water containing barrels 1(21) are used for eliminating test errors in the initial stage of the test. And then, assembling axial loading equipment, namely fixing the pressure sensor (136) in a reserved groove, leading out a data transmission wire through a water injection port to be communicated with the pressure sensor display instrument (41) and a computer, fixing the water permeable plate on the pressure sensor, and finally communicating the frequency-adjustable water pump with the water injection port (138) through a water injection pipe.
In the embodiment, the prepared crushed coal rock mass is placed into the toughened glass barrel which is completed by the device, the axial loading assembly is hermetically arranged in the toughened glass barrel, the hydraulic jack is installed again to load the crushed coal rock mass to a preset pressure value, and finally, the water pressure is adjusted to inject water.
Furthermore, smooth sealing rings are arranged on the circumferential and axial loading outer walls of the porous plate and are attached to the inner wall of the sleeve;
further, the coal-rock fragmentation zoning sleeve (14) is arranged in the toughened glass sleeve to separate the coal-rock fragmentation and set different seepage paths for testing.
Furthermore, the seepage test from top to bottom is completed, the seepage and water purification conditions from the ground surface to the goaf on the site are simulated, the input and output water pipes can be exchanged to respectively communicate the upper water delivery port and the lower water delivery port of the visual seepage device, the seepage test from bottom to top is continuously performed, and the seepage and water purification conditions in the process of pumping water from the goaf to the ground surface are simulated.
As shown in fig. 6, wells H1, H2, H3, H4 represent sample horizontal positions, respectively, and wells V1, V2, V3, V4 represent sample vertical positions, respectively. By testing the seepage and purification characteristics of the fractured coal and rock masses in different horizontal and vertical regions of the working face, the optimal position setting is determined to be used as a drilling pumping position, and guidance significance is provided for determining the site pumping drilling position and depth.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a visual seepage flow experimental apparatus of test mine water, includes visual seepage flow system and data acquisition and analytic system, and visual seepage flow system divide into can dismantle mount (11) and urceolus assembly (12) two parts, and the urceolus assembly is fixed on can dismantling the mount, and embedded axial loading subassembly (13) and broken coal rock mass subregion sleeve (14). Wherein the outer cylinder assembly is formed by assembling a toughened glass cylinder (121), an outer hoop body (122) and a conical water storage body (128); the axial loading assembly is arranged at the top of the partition sleeve and provides axial load through a hydraulic jack (15) fixed on the detachable fixed frame; the adjustable frequency water pump (31) is communicated with a water injection port of the axial loading assembly through a water injection pipe (33); the water containing barrels 1 and 21 and the water containing barrels 2 and 22 are communicated with a water outlet (129) in the outer barrel assembly through an output water pipe, a flow meter and a water quality detection device are arranged in the input and output water pipe for real-time detection, and the data together with the data of the pressure sensor display instrument (41) and the camera are led into a computer (42) for analysis through a data line.
2. According to claim 1, the input and output pipes are provided with switching valves for testing the relationship between the bottom-up seepage and the purification characteristics, so that they can be switched to each other during the test, thereby simulating the top-down seepage and the bottom-up purification characteristics, respectively.
3. The toughened glass cylinder (121) and the water delivery pipe are made of transparent materials, so that the visualization of a seepage path is realized, a high-speed camera is adopted to record the coal-rock body seepage and water quality change process in a glass body, and the seepage and purification microscopic coupling relation under different conditions is explored; and elliptical water collectors are respectively arranged in the input and output water pipes, and a high-speed camera is adopted to record the chromaticity and turbidity changes of water in the two water collectors in the seepage process, so that the macroscopic coupling relation of seepage and purification under different conditions is explored.
4. The sectioned sleeve (14) for crushing coal rock according to claim 1, comprising an outer sectioned sleeve (141) and an inner sleeve (142) for isolating crushed coal rock to alter the percolation path, wherein the sectioned sleeve may be provided in different sizes.
5. An experimental method for testing visual seepage and purification characteristics of mine water is used for testing seepage characteristics and mine water purification degree of different graded broken coal rock masses under the influence of periodic incoming pressure, radial-height ratio, seepage paths, water pressure and the like so as to reveal the seepage characteristics of a top plate of a goaf and the purification degree of the mine water. The specific experimental process comprises the following steps: preparing a crushed coal rock mass, loading and unloading, injecting water, analyzing seepage characteristics, and detecting water quality contrast purification degree. The seepage and purification characteristics of the mine water under different loading conditions in different areas of the goaf can be simulated, so that guidance is provided for determining the reasonable position of a well; the seepage and purification characteristics of the underground mine water under different grading conditions of the caving rock mass can be simulated; the seepage and purification characteristics of mine water under different coal-rock mixture ratios in the goaf can be simulated, and the purification effect of residual coal bodies in the goaf on the mine water under the condition of caving coal mining can be simulated; the complete seepage process of mine water from a caving zone → a fissure zone → the ground surface can be simulated.
6. According to the claim 5, the coal rock mass with different proportions and different grading samples according with the actual situation of the overlying rock mass in different areas of the goaf is prepared, and the setting of the radial-height ratio is determined according to the width-thickness ratio of the crushed coal rock mass in different areas of the top plate of the goaf.
7. The loading and unloading conditions are divided into loading before seepage and loading and unloading in the seepage process according to claim 5, wherein the magnitude of the load value applied before seepage is set according to the confining pressure of an overburden collapse zone, a fissure zone and a bending subsidence zone of the goaf; and the loading and unloading in the seepage process are set according to the periodic pressure situation of the top plate of the goaf.
8. According to the method, seepage characteristic analysis is carried out, the sewage purification degree is detected, and seepage water storage conditions and water quality purification degree under different conditions of the overlying rock mass of the goaf on site are researched. In order to increase the efficiency of water purification, different physicochemical additives can be added as comparative experiments, providing a solution for the field that preferably improves water purification.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911015981.6A CN112710805A (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Experimental system for visual seepage flow of test mine water and purification characteristic |
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| CN113945704A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-18 | 长沙理工大学 | Carbonaceous mudstone disintegration device and test method thereof |
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| CN115343202A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-11-15 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Water-inrush and sand-bursting test device under triaxial seepage of broken rock mass |
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