CN108508484B - Evaluation method suitable for tension-torsion fault mudstone smearing effect - Google Patents
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- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses an evaluation method suitable for a tension-torsion fault mudstone smearing effect, which comprises the following steps of 1, determining a tension-torsion fault according to a regional geological background and a fracture combined form, 2, obtaining an inclined slip distance L of the tension-torsion fault through time-depth conversion on a seismic section perpendicular to the fault trend, 3, obtaining the direction of a section scratch according to core observation of drilling and coring the fault, obtaining an included angle ∠α between the direction of the total slip distance of the fault and the trend slip distance, and 4, utilizing a trigonometric function L1Obtaining total fault sliding distance L/sin α1(ii) a And 5, step 5: projecting the lithology information of the well logging onto a geological profile to obtain lithology butt joint relation of two broken disks of different layers; and 6, step 6: and (3) carrying out a ratio of the accumulated thickness H of the broken mudstone to the total slip distance of the torsional fault to obtain a calculation formula DMSP. The method can accurately calculate and determine the sealing capacity of the torsional fault, and realize the prediction and evaluation of the oil-gas migration direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil-gas exploration, and particularly relates to an evaluation method suitable for fracture tightness of a tensile-torsional fracture.
Background
The fault is a very important structural type in the oil-gas-containing basin, and the formation and the evolution of the fault not only control the construction and the evolution of the basin, but also control the formation and the development of traps, directly or indirectly control the development characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoirs in the basin, and control the migration, the accumulation and the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs. The fault has the control effect on oil and gas accumulation, which is mainly reflected in the control on the migration and aggregation process of oil and gas and the distribution of oil and gas. Wherein the opening and closing of the fault play an important role in migration and accumulation of oil and gas and damage and re-accumulation of oil and gas reservoirs.
The study on fault blocking has been favored by many foreign scholars. In the early stage of fault sealing research, most of the research is on the theoretical aspect, and nowadays, the main focus is on how to predict fault sealing. Through previous researches, five fault blocking mechanisms are shared at the present stage (Pai Guang et al, 2005; Zhao Mi Fu et al, 2005; Yang Zhi et al, 2005; Tianhui et al, 2003; Pai Guang et al, 1998): 1) coating and sealing mudstone: this results in a higher breakthrough pressure for the fractured zone; 2) butt joint and sealing: the low-permeability shale and the sandstone are butted to form shielding closure; 3) and (3) sealing the crushing action: fine grain fault mud formed by the crushing action enables the fault to form higher capillary tube breakthrough pressure; 4) sealing the diagenetic rock: for a fracture zone with low displacement pressure, if the subsequent diagenesis such as cementation, recrystallization and the like occurs and the action of asphaltization of crude oil of fault migration also causes the characteristics of small seepage of fracture holes and poor physical properties, so that the migration of oil and gas can be prevented, and good lateral plugging is formed; 5) sealing by using layer and sheet silicate: caused by the deformation of the sheet-or sheet-silicate-like layers of the clastic rock, the degree of closure being related to the structure and continuity of the deformed silicate.
Because of the importance of fault seal studies in practice, a number of research methods have emerged. The method mainly comprises fault activity, fault occurrence, mudstone smearing, mechanical properties of faults, lithological configuration on two sides, fault blocking coefficients, structural stress fields and the like (Zhou Lin Shuai and the like, 2010; Lv Yan Fang and the like, 2007; Zhao Mi Fu and the like, 2006). When the upward-inclined direction of a disc reservoir layer of the fault is in butt joint with a permeable layer of the counter disc, the fault plugging effect is poor. If the reservoir contacts with a large set of mud rock or chemical rock with strong plasticity, the sealing performance of the fault in the interval is good. Stratum distribution on two sides of the fault and sand-sand butt joint conditions on two sides of the fault can be visually seen through an Allan mapping method, and therefore the lateral sealing condition of the fault can be accurately judged. If the trend of the fault is the same as the trend of the stratums at two sides of the fault, the fault surface has certain openness, and the fault plugging effect is poor; on the contrary, the fault sealing capability is better. If the fault stops moving in the hydrocarbon generation and discharge period of oil and gas, the fault often has certain vertical sealing performance, and oil and gas in a reservoir stratum can be blocked, so that the migration and the dissipation of the oil and gas are prevented; and the longer the stopping, the better the sealing effect, on the contrary, in the hydrocarbon generation and discharge period of oil and gas, if the fault is still active, the sealing performance of the fault in the vertical direction is often poor, so that the fault can be used as a channel to communicate the effective trap of a deep hydrocarbon source rock and a shallow layer, and an oil and gas reservoir can be found in the shallow layer. The degree of section tightness (in particular by calculating the principal stress) is controlled by the section pressure; the higher the pressure is, the better the tightness degree is, and in the vertical direction, the better the fault plugging effect is. The fault blocking fluid capacity can be quantitatively evaluated in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction according to the blocking coefficients in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the fault calculated according to parameters such as fault fall, cover layer thickness, fault inclination angle and the like. The method is mainly suitable for judging the fault closure condition in the hydrocarbon generation and drainage period by utilizing the oil reservoir geochemistry method, the adopted method is to compare and analyze the geochemistry parameters of the oil reservoir distributed near the two sides of the fault, and the method is simple and practical; is adopted by the majority of scientific researchers. The acoustic time difference is used in inverse proportion to the displacement pressure of the rock. The displacement pressure of the target rock stratum is determined by analyzing the acoustic wave time difference data on the well logging of the research area, so that the capability of closed fluid in the fault vertical direction can be analyzed and determined. It should be noted that most of the above research methods need to be applied correctly when the stratigraphic framework is accurate and correct.
In recent years, fault surface substance smearing analysis is becoming an effective method for quantitatively evaluating fault sealing performance, and is an important parameter for quantitatively judging whether mudstone smearing belts are continuously distributed on fault surfaces. Mudstone smearing refers to the phenomenon that some plastic mudstone covers the fault plane due to fracture activities. Because of its small pore permeability, the displacement pressure is high and can close the reservoirs on both sides. Mudstone staining potential CSP (Clay SmearPotential), particularly by Bouvier (1989); quantitative evaluation was performed by shale contamination factor SSF (Shale Smear factor) proposed by lindsay et al (1993) and fault mud ratio SGR (Shale Gouge ratio) proposed by Yielding et al (1997). However, the quantitative evaluation method for the smearing effect of the fault mudstone, which is proposed above, mainly aims at the fault that two disks slide up and down along the fracture surface, is only suitable for the normal fault and the reverse fault, and has poor applicability or lacks of an effective evaluation method for the tension-torsion fault which has both the sliding distance along the fracture surface and the sliding distance along the fracture surface.
Therefore, how to provide a quantitative evaluation method suitable for the coating effect of the tensional fault mudstone becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a quantitative evaluation method suitable for the mudstone smearing effect of the tensional fault, which can accurately calculate and define the sealing capacity of the tensional fault, realize the prediction and evaluation of the oil-gas migration direction, and solve the technical defect of poor applicability of the evaluation method in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an evaluation method suitable for a coating effect of tensile-torsional fault mudstone comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining a tensile-torsional fault according to the combined form of the regional geological background and the fracture;
step 2: on a seismic section perpendicular to the trend of the fault, obtaining the inclined slip distance L of the torsional fault through time-depth conversion;
step 3, observing a core meeting a fault and coring according to drilling, obtaining the direction of a cross section scratch, and obtaining an included angle ∠α between the direction of the total slip distance of the fault and the strike slip distance;
and 4, step 4: since the pitch slip L is known, using the trigonometric function: l is1Obtaining total fault sliding distance L/sin α1；
And 5, step 5: projecting the lithology information of the well logging onto a geological profile to obtain lithology butt joint relation of two broken disks of different layers;
and 6, step 6: the ratio of the cumulative thickness H of the broken mudstone to the total slip of the tensile fault is used to obtain the tensile fault mudstone smearing effect calculation formula DMSP, namely, the clearing Mud coal Potential.
Preferably, the data used in the steps 1 and 2 comprise a high-precision three-dimensional seismic data volume, a two-dimensional seismic profile, a well log, lithology and a fracture plane construction diagram; in Petrel software, correcting a seismic profile by using a logging curve and lithology data, determining a horizon and a fracture position, and measuring fracture trend on a structural plane diagram; and selecting a mark layer on the vertical fault strike section as a corresponding layer, measuring the inclined slip distance between the break points of the mark layer, and obtaining the inclined slip distance L through time-depth conversion.
Preferably, in the step 3, when the well drilling vertically passes through the fracture zone and the core is directionally cored at the fracture zone, the obtained core contains fracture surface information including fracture inclination, inclination angle and trend, the total slip distance direction of the fracture can be judged according to the direction of the scratch on the fracture surface, and the included angle ∠α between the scratch and the slip distance is measured and calculated according to the core orientation data and the fracture trend.
Preferably, in the step 4, the total slip distance L can be obtained according to the scratch, the included angle ∠α of the fault trend and the inclined slip distance L1：
L1＝L/sinα
Preferably, in the step 5, after the seismic section is finely interpreted, the lithology data of the logging is projected on a geological section in CorelDRAW software, a lithology butt-joint section is drawn to obtain lithology data of two fractured different layers, and the thickness h of each fractured mudstone layer is measured along the sectioniAnd calculating the cumulative thickness H of the broken mudstone.
Preferably, in the step 6, a ratio of the calculated cumulative thickness H of the broken mudstone to the total slip of the tensional fault is calculated, so that the smearing effect of the tensional fault along the fracture surface can be calculated, and the sealing performance of the tensional fault is evaluated:
in the formula, DMSP has the effect of coating tensile-torsional fault mudstone; h isiThe thickness of the mudstone of the ith layer is m, n is the number of the mudstone layers, L is the inclined sliding distance in m, and ∠α is the included angle between the scratch and the fault trend.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in practice, the difference between the tensile fault and the normal fault is often ignored in the prior art, and the conventional evaluation method suitable for the normal fault is adopted, for example, the quantitative evaluation is carried out by using mudstone contamination factor SSF (ShaleSmear factor) proposed by Bouvier (1989), mudstone contamination potential CSP (Clay Smear potential), lindsay et al (1993) and the fault mud ratio SGR (Shale Gouge ratio) proposed by Yielding et al (1997), so that the evaluation result has larger error with the oil and gas exploration practice. The method solves the technical defect that the closure evaluation difficulty of the tension-torsion fault is large due to the lack of an effective method in the prior art; the technical scheme of the invention starts from the true sliding track of the active period of the tensional fault, considers the influence of the strike sliding of the fault on the mudstone smearing effect, provides a special evaluation method for the mudstone smearing effect of the tensional fault, is more suitable for the tensional fracture, and has more accurate evaluation result. The method is used in fine exploration of oil and gas in the depressed Yang-saving and civil-friendly depressed temporary commercial fracture zone in Bohai Bay basin, and the drilling success rate is improved by 30%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the closure calculation principle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be fully and clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention discloses a mudstone smearing sealing evaluation method suitable for a tensile and torsional fault, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining a tensile-torsional fault according to the combined form of the regional geological background and the fracture;
step 2: on the seismic section of the vertical fault strike (M plane in fig. 1), the slant slip L (line BA' in fig. 1) of the torsional fault is obtained by time-depth conversion.
And 3, observing a core which meets the fault and is cored according to the drilling, obtaining the direction of the cross section scratch (indicated by D in figure 1), and obtaining the included angle between the direction of the total slip distance of the fault and the strike slip distance (see ∠α in figure 1).
And 4, step 4: since the pitch slip L is known, using the trigonometric function: l is1Obtaining total fault sliding distance L/sin α1。
And 5, step 5: and projecting the lithology data of the well logging onto a geological profile to obtain the lithology butt joint relation of the two fractured disks at different layers.
And 6, step 6: the ratio of the cumulative thickness (H) of the broken mudstone to the total slip of the tensile fault is used to obtain the tensile fault mudstone smearing effect calculation formula DMSP (clearing Mud smooth patent).
Further, in steps 1 and 2, the data used include high-precision three-dimensional seismic data volumes, two-dimensional seismic profiles, well logs, lithology, fracture plane construction maps, and the like. In Petrel software, a seismic profile is corrected by using a logging curve and lithology data, a horizon and a fracture position are determined, and fracture trend is measured on a structural plan. And selecting a mark layer on the vertical fault strike section as an equivalent layer, measuring the inclined sliding distance between the break points of the mark layer, and obtaining L (a line segment BA' in the figure 1) through time-depth conversion.
In step 3, when the well bore vertically passes through the fracture zone and the core is directionally cored at the fracture zone, the obtained core contains fracture surface information including fracture inclination, inclination angle, trend and the like, the total slip distance direction of the fracture can be judged according to the direction of the scratch on the fracture surface, and the included angle ∠α (∠α in fig. 1) between the scratch and the strike-slip distance (fault trend) is measured and calculated according to the core orientation data and the fracture trend.
In the step 4, the total slip distance L can be obtained according to the included angle α between the scratch and the fault trend and the inclined slip distance L1：
L1＝L/sinα＝BA’/sin∠BAA’
Step 5, after the seismic section is finely explained, the lithology data of the logging is projected on a geological section in CorelDRAW software, a lithology butt joint section is drawn to obtain lithology data of two broken discs of different layers, and the thickness h of each broken layer of mudstone is measured along the sectioniAnd calculating the cumulative thickness H of the broken mudstone.
And 6, calculating the ratio of the calculated cumulative thickness H of the broken mudstone to the total slip of the torsional fault, namely calculating the smearing effect of the torsional fault along the fracture surface, and evaluating the closure of the fracture surface:
in the formula, DMSP has the effect of coating tensile-torsional fault mudstone; h isiThe thickness (m) of the mudstone on the ith layer, n the number of the mudstone layers, L the inclined sliding distance (m), and ∠α the included angle between the scratch and the fault trend.
Wherein, in fig. 1: h is1: thickness (m) of layer 1 mudstone; l: a tensile fault slope slip (m); l is1The total slip distance of the torsional fault, ∠α the included angle between the scratch and the fault trend, M the vertical fault trend section, D the cross section scratch, and A' are equivalent points.
The tensile-torsional fracture closure is evaluated by using the DMSP index in the sand-shale sequence, so that the simplicity and the practicability are realized, the larger the thickness of the shale layer in the sand-shale interbed is, the larger the calculation result is, and the better the fracture closure is.
In practical operation, the conventional evaluation method suitable for the normal fault is often ignored, for example, the mudstone contamination potential CSP (Clay Smear potential) proposed by Bouvier (1989), the mudstone contamination factor SSF (Shale Smear factor) proposed by Lindsay et al (1993) and the fault mud ratio SGR (Shale Gouge ratio) proposed by Yielding et al (1997) are used for quantitative evaluation, so that the evaluation result has larger error with oil and gas exploration practice. The calculation method starts from a true sliding track of the active period of the tensional fault, considers the influence of the strike sliding of the fault on the mudstone smearing effect, provides an evaluation method specially aiming at the mudstone smearing effect of the tensional fault, is more suitable for the tensional fracture, and has more accurate evaluation result. The method is used in fine exploration of oil and gas in the depressed Yang-saving and civil-friendly depressed temporary commercial fracture zone in Bohai Bay basin, and the drilling success rate is improved by 30%.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. The evaluation method suitable for the coating effect of the tensional fault mudstone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: determining a tensile-torsional fault according to the combined form of the regional geological background and the fracture;
step 2: on a seismic section perpendicular to the trend of the fault, obtaining the inclined slip distance L of the torsional fault through time-depth conversion;
step 3, observing a core meeting a fault and coring according to drilling, obtaining the direction of a cross section scratch, and obtaining an included angle ∠α between the direction of the total slip distance of the fault and the strike slip distance;
and 4, step 4: since the pitch slip L is known, using the trigonometric function: l is1Obtaining total fault sliding distance L/sin α1；
And 5, step 5: projecting the lithology information of the well logging onto a geological profile to obtain lithology butt joint relation of two broken disks of different layers;
and 6, step 6: the ratio of the cumulative thickness H of the broken mudstone to the total slip of the tensile fault is used to obtain the tensile fault mudstone smearing effect calculation formula DMSP, namely, the clearing Mud coal Potential.
2. The method for evaluating the smearing effect of the tensional fault mudstone according to the claim 1, wherein the data used in the step 1 and the step 2 comprises a high-precision three-dimensional seismic data body, a two-dimensional seismic section, a well logging curve, lithology data and a fracture plane construction diagram; in Petrel software, correcting a seismic profile by using a logging curve and lithology data, determining a horizon and a fracture position, and measuring fracture trend on a plane structure diagram; selecting a mark layer on a vertical fault strike seismic section as a corresponding layer, measuring the inclined slip distance between break points of the mark layer, and obtaining the inclined slip distance L through time-depth conversion.
3. The method for evaluating the mudstone smearing effect of the tensional fracture according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, when the drilling well vertically passes through the fracture zone and the directional coring is performed in the fracture zone, the obtained core contains fracture surface information, including the fracture tendency, inclination angle and trend, the total slip direction of the fracture can be judged according to the direction of the scratch on the fracture surface, and the included angle ∠α between the scratch and the strike slip is measured and calculated according to the core orientation data and the fracture trend.
4. The method for evaluating smearing effect of tensional fault mudstone according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, after the seismic profile is finely interpreted, the lithology data of the logging is projected on the geological profile in CorelDRAW software, the lithology butt-joint profile is drawn to obtain lithology data of two fractured discs at different layers, and the thickness h of each fractured mudstone layer is measured along the fracture surfaceiAnd calculating the cumulative thickness H of the broken mudstone.
5. The method for evaluating the smearing effect of the tensional fault mudstone according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the ratio of the calculated cumulative thickness H of the fractured mudstone to the total slip of the tensional fault is calculated, so that the smearing effect of the tensional fault along the fracture surface can be calculated, and the sealing performance is evaluated:
in the formula, DMSP has the effect of coating tensile-torsional fault mudstone; h isiThe thickness of the mudstone of the ith layer is m, n is the number of the mudstone layers, L is the inclined sliding distance in m, and ∠α is the included angle between the scratch and the fault trend.
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| CN109376387A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-02-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Evaluation method, device and the equipment of the closure of geological fault |
| CN109975872B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-05-07 | 河南理工大学 | Method for directly compiling balance profile by using Corel DRAW software |
| CN113534248A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method, device and system for quantitatively analyzing closure of trap fault |
| CN110632651B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-09-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for quantitatively analyzing fault closure |
| CN110632659A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-12-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Fault space closure analysis method, device and system |
| CN113031056B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2024-01-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Fault closure analysis method and device under construction constraint |
| CN113534282B (en) * | 2020-04-18 | 2024-03-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fault activity frequency calculating method based on lithology vs. difference |
| CN113589371B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-03-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating sealing performance of internal fault of carbonate rock |
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