CN108507785A - A kind of dynamic characteristic test device and method under main shaft gyration state - Google Patents
A kind of dynamic characteristic test device and method under main shaft gyration state Download PDFInfo
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- CN108507785A CN108507785A CN201810317073.1A CN201810317073A CN108507785A CN 108507785 A CN108507785 A CN 108507785A CN 201810317073 A CN201810317073 A CN 201810317073A CN 108507785 A CN108507785 A CN 108507785A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/025—Test-benches with rotational drive means and loading means; Load or drive simulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses the dynamic characteristic test device and method under a kind of main shaft gyration state, which includes main shaft, rack and fixing sleeve etc.；Wherein, main shaft is mounted in rack, and one end of main shaft fixing sleeve is mounted in rack, and one end of the other end and connecting bracket connects, and end cap is mounted on the other end of connecting bracket；The bearing and bearing box that handle of a knife component includes handle of a knife and is sleeved on successively from the inside to the outside on handle of a knife, handle of a knife assembly set is in connecting bracket and main shaft fixing sleeve, and one end of handle of a knife and the rotor of main shaft connect, and the point of a knife of the other end is extend out to outside end cap；Start device assembly includes piezoelectric actuator, and the side of connecting bracket opens up that there are three mounting holes perpendicular to main shaft axial direction successively, and the piezoelectric actuator and acceleration transducer and displacement sensor of start device assembly are separately mounted to three mounting holes.This method applies excitation using piezoelectric actuator, handle of a knife component realizes load, can accurately and easily test dynamic characteristic of the main shaft in turning course.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the dynamic characteristic test device and methods under a kind of main shaft gyration state, are applied using piezoelectric actuator
Add excitation, handle of a knife component to realize load, can accurately and easily test dynamic characteristic of the main shaft in turning course.
Background technology
Machine tool chief axis is one of core component of ultra-precision machine tool, and dynamic characteristic and stability are largely fixed
The processing performance and processing efficiency of lathe, and the service life to entire system of processing, reliability and safety important,
Therefore carrying out research to the dynamic characteristic of electro spindle seems particularly significant.The method of test main shaft dynamic characteristic is typically in engineering
The method tapped using vibrator exciting or power hammer when main shaft is static is carried out, but main shaft is in real work situation, due to by
To the influence of cutting force, rotating speed, operating temperature rise and thermal expansion, centrifugal force and gyroscopic couple, dynamic characteristic will produce variation.Cause
This, the dynamic characteristic tested in the practical turning course of main shaft is of great significance.Conventional power hammer excitation and vibrator excitation side
Method is only used for the test under main shaft stationary state, and load is difficult to realize under rotation status.
There are some scholars both at home and abroad at present by improving experimental program or design novel experiment device to test main shaft gyration
Dynamic characteristic under state.Main load mode has the gentle membrane forces load of power hammer excitation, electromagnetic excitation.Ozturk etc.
[Investigation of spindle bearing preload on dynamics and stability limit in
Milling] it one standard component is installed in front-end of spindle replaces practical cutter, main shaft is tested in difference by tapping standard component
Dynamic characteristic under pre-tightening.But it is tested instead of cutter using standard component, final result can be made to generate certain error, and
Since the energy and frequency range of power hammer excitation are limited, especially for heavy duty machine tools, all moulds of lathe can not be often excited
State.[the Determination of the dynamic characteristics such as Chowdhury of Birmingham, GBR university
Of machine tool structures] lathe spindle is surveyed at the low rotational speed using electromagnetic loading device earliest
Examination, it was demonstrated that main shaft dynamic characteristic is influenced by rotating speed, excitation amplitude and preloading.The Sawamura etc. of Kyoto Univ Japan
[Development of Dynamic Loading Device for Rotating Spindle of Machine Tools]
Static stiffness of the milling machine spindle under different rotating speeds is tested using a kind of electromagnetic loading device, since electromagnetic field is easy in tested master
Axis surface, which induces, generates current vortex, therefore has certain influence to test result.In addition, [the high speed such as Feng Ming of University of Science ＆ Technology, Beijing
The development of the non-contact air film load rigid test stand of main shaft] device loaded to electro spindle using static pressure air film is devised, it uses
Air bearing and Aerostatic thrust bearing realize to the load under main shaft rotation status, but main shaft can only be applied dead load or
Gradual load, and the loading force applied is smaller, therefore application is limited.
Totally apparently, the research at present about the dynamic characteristic test under main shaft gyration state is relatively fewer, various tests
Method all there is a problem of certain, it is difficult to realize the accurate test to dynamic characteristic under main shaft gyration state.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the dynamic characteristic test device and methods under a kind of main shaft gyration state, using pressure
Handle of a knife component of the motor-driven cylinder into row energization, with rolling bearing realizes load, and piezoelectric force transducer is mounted on piezoelectric actuator
Rear end carries out the test of exciting force, and will be loaded using connecting bracket and be fixed on main shaft with measuring device, is formed integrated
Test.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realize：
A kind of dynamic characteristic test device under main shaft gyration state, including main shaft, rack, fixing sleeve, connecting bracket, end
Lid, handle of a knife component, start device assembly, acceleration transducer and displacement sensor；Wherein,
Main shaft is mounted in rack, and one end of main shaft fixing sleeve is mounted in rack, one end of the other end and connecting bracket
Connection, end cap are mounted on the other end of connecting bracket；Handle of a knife component includes handle of a knife and is sleeved on handle of a knife successively from the inside to the outside
Bearing and bearing box, in the connecting bracket and main shaft fixing sleeve, one end of handle of a knife and the rotor of main shaft connect handle of a knife assembly set
It connects, the point of a knife of the other end is extend out to outside end cap；
Start device assembly includes piezoelectric actuator, and the side of connecting bracket offers three successively perpendicular to main shaft axial direction
A mounting hole, the piezoelectric actuator and acceleration transducer and displacement sensor of start device assembly are separately mounted to three installations
Hole.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, start device assembly includes piezoelectric actuator, piezoelectric force transducer, pre-loading screw
And the executor support of U-shaped shape, wherein piezoelectric actuator and piezoelectric force transducer are successively set in executor support
At the heart, pre-loading screw is threadedly coupled with executor support, and one end passes through executor support and one end with piezoelectric force transducer
Contact, the other end of piezoelectric force transducer and the tail end of piezoelectric actuator are connected using screw, and piezoelectric actuator head end stretches to
In the mounting hole of connecting bracket side, and contacted with bearing box.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, several groups mounting hole is circumferentially uniformly provided on the side of connecting bracket, often
Group mounting hole includes three mounting holes.
A kind of dynamic characteristic test method under main shaft gyration state, this method are based under a kind of above-mentioned main shaft gyration state
Dynamic characteristic test device, include the following steps：
1) the dynamic characteristic test device under main shaft gyration state is connected by above-mentioned steps first, and starts main shaft, made
The rotor of main shaft generates fixed rotating speed, and the inner ring of handle of a knife and bearing in handle of a knife component is driven to be rotated with same rotational speed, knife
The outer shroud and bearing box remains stationary of bearing in handle component；
2) signal of sine sweep is generated by signal generator, signal is exported to power amplifier, and controls piezoelectric actuating
Device generates swept-sine vibration, and acts on the bearing box of handle of a knife component, and then generates excitation to the handle of a knife of handle of a knife component, this
When handle of a knife generate corresponding vibratory response；
3) when piezoelectric actuator generates swept-sine vibration, active force that front end generates bearing box and rear end are to piezoelectricity
The active force that force snesor generates is equal, the excitation measured at this time piezoelectric force transducer using data collector and computer
Force signal is recorded；
Handle of a knife is measured since the vibration that piezoelectric actuator encourages and generates is believed using displacement sensor and acceleration transducer
Number, and signal is recorded using data collector and computer；
4) it uses vold-kalman filtering to carry out order tracking technique extraction in a computer, filters out shaking for handle of a knife revolution generation
Dynamic signal obtains, by the force signal and response signal of piezoelectric actuator excitation generation, calculating force signal and response signal,
Obtain frequency response function of the main shaft under turn state.
The present invention has following beneficial technique effect：
1) on energisation mode, select piezoelectric actuator as exciting element, piezoelectric actuator has small, response speed
The features such as degree is soon, precision is high, low in energy consumption, therefore loading system rigidity is big, loads the accurate efficient, amplitude of loading force and frequency model
It encloses big.
2) it utilizes handle of a knife component to realize that contact loads, solves the problems, such as that load is difficult when main shaft gyration, piezoelectric actuating
The exciting force of device can be accurately applied on handle of a knife, and not will produce other interference, therefore can be under the arbitrary rotating speed of main shaft
It is loaded；
3) piezoelectric force transducer is fixed on piezoelectric actuator tail portion, solves the problems, such as that force snesor is difficult to install, and
With very high measurement accuracy；
4) loading device and test device are fixed using connecting bracket, form an entirety with main shaft, therefore add
Loading system rigidity is high, and test system interference is few, can be tested at any time.
In conclusion the present invention uses piezoelectric actuator into row energization, load accurate efficient, exciting force big with rigidity
Various informative, exciting force amplitude and the big feature of frequency range；It is realized to master using the handle of a knife component with rolling bearing
Load when main shaft gyration may be implemented in the load of axis, and loading efficiency is high, interference is less；Piezoelectric force transducer is fixed
In piezoelectric actuator rear end, measurement of exciting force is realized, there is very high measurement accuracy；Using connecting bracket by loading device with
Test device becomes one, and keeps loading system rigidity height, test system interference few, and can be tested at any time.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the handle of a knife assembly assumption diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the piezoelectric actuator assembly assumption diagram of the present invention；
In figure：1- main shafts, 2- racks, 3- main shaft fixing sleeves, 4- connecting brackets, 5- end caps, 6- handle of a knife components, 7- actuator
Component, 8- acceleration transducers, 9- displacement sensors；
601- handle of a knifes, 602- bearings, 603- bearing boxs；
701- piezoelectric actuators, 702- piezoelectric force transducers, 703- executor supports, 704- pre-loading screws.
Fig. 5 is the speed of mainshaft 4000rmin of the present invention-1When voltage signal relationship between frequency and time；
Fig. 6 is the speed of mainshaft 4000rmin of the present invention-1When exciting force signal, wherein (a) is to measure obtained original
Beginning signal is (b) signal after filtering；
Fig. 7 is the speed of mainshaft 4000rmin of the present invention-1When acceleration responsive signal, wherein (a) be measure obtain
Original signal, (b) be filtering after signal；
Fig. 8 is the speed of mainshaft 4000rmin of the present invention-1When frequency response and coherent function, wherein (a) is according to original letter
Number frequency response being calculated and coherent function (b) are the frequency response being calculated according to the signal after filtering and coherent function；
Fig. 9 is the frequency response function under the main shaft different rotating speeds of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the speed of mainshaft-intrinsic frequency relationship of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is made further instructions below in conjunction with drawings and examples.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the dynamic characteristic test device under a kind of main shaft gyration state provided by the invention, including
Main shaft 1, rack 2, fixing sleeve 3, connecting bracket 4, end cap 5, handle of a knife component 6, start device assembly 7, acceleration transducer 8 and displacement
Sensor 9；Wherein, main shaft 1 is mounted in rack 2, and one end of main shaft fixing sleeve 3 is mounted in rack 2, and the other end and connecting props up
One end of frame 4 connects, and end cap 5 is mounted on the other end of connecting bracket 4；Handle of a knife component 6 include handle of a knife 601 and from the inside to the outside according to
The secondary bearing 602 being sleeved on handle of a knife 601 and bearing box 603, handle of a knife component 6 are sleeved on connecting bracket 4 and main shaft fixing sleeve 3
Interior, one end of handle of a knife 601 is connect with the rotor of main shaft 1, and the point of a knife of the other end is extend out to outside end cap 5；Start device assembly 7 includes pressure
Motor-driven cylinder 701, several groups mounting hole is circumferentially uniformly provided on the side of connecting bracket 4, and every group of mounting hole includes three
Mounting hole, the piezoelectric actuator 701 and acceleration transducer 8 and displacement sensor 9 of start device assembly 7 are separately mounted to three
Mounting hole.
Wherein, start device assembly 7 includes piezoelectric actuator 701, piezoelectric force transducer 702, pre-loading screw 704 and is in U
The executor support 703 of type shape, wherein piezoelectric actuator 701 and piezoelectric force transducer 702 are successively set on executor support
At 703 center, pre-loading screw 704 is threadedly coupled with executor support 703, one end pass through executor support 703 and with pressure
The end thereof contacts of power sensor 702, the other end of piezoelectric force transducer 702 use screw with the tail end of piezoelectric actuator 701
Connection, 701 head end of piezoelectric actuator stretches in the mounting hole of 4 side of connecting bracket, and is contacted with bearing box 603.
Dynamic characteristic test method under a kind of main shaft gyration state provided by the invention, includes the following steps：
1) the dynamic characteristic test device under main shaft gyration state is connected by above-mentioned steps first, and starts main shaft 1, made
The rotor of main shaft 1 generates fixed rotating speed, and drives the inner ring of handle of a knife 601 and bearing 602 in handle of a knife component 6 with same rotational speed
It rotates, 603 remains stationary of outer shroud and bearing box of the bearing 602 in handle of a knife component 6；
2) signal of sine sweep is generated by signal generator, signal is exported to power amplifier, and controls piezoelectric actuating
Device generates swept-sine vibration, and acts on the bearing box 603 of handle of a knife component, and then is generated to the handle of a knife of handle of a knife component 601
Excitation, handle of a knife 601 generates corresponding vibratory response at this time；
3) when piezoelectric actuator 701 generates swept-sine vibration, active force and rear end that front end generates bearing box 603
The active force generated to piezoelectric force transducer 702 is equal, utilizes data collector and computer to piezoelectric force transducer 702 at this time
The excitation force signal measured is recorded；
Handle of a knife is measured since the vibration that piezoelectric actuator encourages and generates is believed using displacement sensor and acceleration transducer
Number, and signal is recorded using data collector and computer；
4) since the vibration of handle of a knife 601 contains the vibration that the revolution of handle of a knife 601 generates and the excitation of piezoelectric actuator 701 generates
Vibration, therefore measure obtained force signal and acceleration, dynamic respond signal all contain interference component, this can influence final
Result of calculation.It uses vold-kalman filtering to carry out order tracking technique extraction in a computer, filters out what the revolution of handle of a knife 601 generated
Vibration signal obtains, by the force signal and response signal of the excitation generation of piezoelectric actuator 701, carrying out force signal and response signal
It calculates, obtains frequency response function of the main shaft under turn state.
The present invention is described in further details with reference to embodiment：
1) dynamic characteristic test device under main shaft gyration state, including loading system, test system and letter are built in order
Number analysis system, specific erection sequence are：Connecting bracket is installed first, then handle of a knife component and end cap are installed, next pacified
Piezoelectric actuating device assembly and acceleration, displacement sensor are filled, is finally attached Signal Analysis System, and debugs entire system
System.
2) according to shown in Fig. 1, main shaft generates sine sweep signal under a certain fixed rotating speed, using signal generator, makes
Piezoelectric actuator generates corresponding excitation to main shaft, and utilizes piezoelectric force transducer acquisition force signal, acceleration transducer and position
Displacement sensor acquires corresponding response signal, and is transferred to data collector；
Main shaft remains stationary when beginning tests the frequency response function of main shaft according to above method, and the speed of mainshaft often increases later
2000r·min-1Test is primary, and it is 20000rmin that highest, which tests rotating speed,-1.Using the sinusoidal signal of biasing 1.5V, amplitude 3V
Swept frequency excitation is carried out, swept frequency range is 1 μ Hz to 1500Hz, and frequency sweep time 120s, sweep method is linear frequency sweep；
3) the filtering extraction of swept frequency excitation signal and response signal is carried out in a computer, and utilizes conventional frequency response function
Computational methods solve frequency response function of the main shaft under specific rotation speeds.
Since main shaft can generate prodigious interference in revolution to test system, make the force signal and response signal tool of acquisition
There is prodigious noise, influences final solving precision.The present invention uses vold-kalman filtering methods into row energization and response signal
Extraction, can by sine sweep encourage caused by excitation force signal be extracted with response signal, filter out it is unwanted do
Disturb signal.Since vold-kalman filtering is to carry out order tracking technique filtering according to given relationship between frequency and time, it is therefore desirable to analyze
The relationship between frequency and time of swept-frequency signal.Noise is less in the control voltage signal generated due to signal generator, and the present invention passes through
Analysis voltage signal obtains the relationship between frequency and time of swept-frequency signal, to carry out tracking filter to signal.Specific method is：First to defeated
The voltage signal entered carries out Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and obtains the relationship between frequency and time of swept-frequency signal, as shown in Figure 5；It then will frequency
Rate-the function of time inputs vold-kalman filtering algorithms, at every point of time the response signal of place's extraction respective frequencies, this when
Between at point the interference signal of other frequency contents be then filtered, therefore it is final have to by sine sweep encourage caused by power
Signal and response signal, and filtered out the interference components such as impact and harmonic wave.If Fig. 6 is main shaft in 4000rmin-1Shi Jizhen
The original signal of power and the signal after filtering, the original signal and the signal after filtering that Fig. 7 is acceleration responsive, can see
Signal interference after to filtering is less.Fig. 8 is respectively according to main shaft in 4000rmin-1When original signal and filtering after
The signal frequency response function and coherent function that are calculated, it can be seen that the frequency response function noise after filtering is seldom, and relevant
Function is ideal, it was demonstrated that vold-kalman filtering algorithms can extract sine sweep signal well.
The excitation obtained according to filtering and response signal, are calculated frequency response function of the main shaft under different rotating speeds, such as Fig. 9
It is shown.Table 1 is the frequency response function third rank natural frequency value under main shaft different rotating speeds, and global regularity is as shown in Figure 10, can be with
See and the trend being gradually reduced is presented as rotating speed increases its third rank intrinsic frequency, especially in 12000rmin-1Later,
The trend of rapid decrease is presented in intrinsic frequency, in 18000rmin-1Trend is slowed down later.And it can be seen that
20000r·min-1When natural frequency ratio 0rmin-1When the small 55.2Hz of intrinsic frequency, also demonstrate main shaft gyration state
Under dynamic characteristic with it is static when have very big difference.
The intrinsic frequency tested under 1 main shaft different rotating speeds of table
According to above example, it can be seen that, method proposed by the present invention can test dynamic under main shaft gyration state well
Step response has the characteristics that efficiently quick, accuracy is high, and can at any time be tested according to actual demand, has good
Application prospect.
Claims (4)
1. the dynamic characteristic test device under a kind of main shaft gyration state, which is characterized in that including main shaft (1), rack (2), consolidate
Fixed set (3), connecting bracket (4), end cap (5), handle of a knife component (6), start device assembly (7), acceleration transducer (8) and displacement pass
Sensor (9)；Wherein,
Main shaft (1) is mounted in rack (2), and one end of main shaft fixing sleeve (3) is mounted in rack (2), and the other end and connecting props up
One end of frame (4) connects, and end cap (5) is mounted on the other end of connecting bracket (4)；Handle of a knife component (6) include handle of a knife (601) and
The bearing (602) and bearing box (603) being sleeved on successively from the inside to the outside on handle of a knife (601), handle of a knife component (6) are sleeved on connection branch
In frame (4) and main shaft fixing sleeve (3), one end of handle of a knife (601) is connect with the rotor of main shaft (1), and the point of a knife of the other end is extend out to
End cap (5) is outside；
Start device assembly (7) includes piezoelectric actuator (701), the side of connecting bracket (4) perpendicular to main shaft (1) axial direction according to
Secondary to open up there are three mounting hole, the piezoelectric actuator (701) and acceleration transducer (8) of start device assembly (7) and displacement pass
Sensor (9) is separately mounted to three mounting holes.
2. the dynamic characteristic test device under a kind of main shaft gyration state according to claim 1, which is characterized in that start
Device assembly (7) includes the start of piezoelectric actuator (701), piezoelectric force transducer (702), pre-loading screw (704) and U-shaped shape
Device holder (703), wherein piezoelectric actuator (701) and piezoelectric force transducer (702) are successively set on executor support (703)
Center at, pre-loading screw (704) is threadedly coupled with executor support (703), one end pass through executor support (703) and with
The end thereof contacts of piezoelectric force transducer (702), the tail end of the other end and piezoelectric actuator (701) of piezoelectric force transducer (702)
It is connected using screw, piezoelectric actuator (701) head end stretches in the mounting hole of connecting bracket (4) side, and and bearing box
(603) it contacts.
3. the dynamic characteristic test device under a kind of main shaft gyration state according to claim 1, which is characterized in that connection
Several groups mounting hole is circumferentially uniformly provided on the side of holder (4), every group of mounting hole includes three mounting holes.
4. a kind of dynamic characteristic test method under main shaft gyration state, which is characterized in that this method is based on described in claim 2
A kind of main shaft gyration state under dynamic characteristic test device, include the following steps：
1) the dynamic characteristic test device under main shaft gyration state is connected by above-mentioned steps first, and starts main shaft (1), make master
The rotor of axis (1) generates fixed rotating speed, and drives the inner ring of handle of a knife (601) and bearing (602) in handle of a knife component (6) with phase
Same rotational speed, the outer shroud and bearing box (603) remains stationary of the bearing (602) in handle of a knife component (6)；
2) signal of sine sweep is generated by signal generator, signal is exported to power amplifier, and controls piezoelectric actuator production
Raw swept-sine vibration, and act on the bearing box (603) of handle of a knife component, and then the handle of a knife of handle of a knife component (601) are generated
Excitation, the corresponding vibratory response of handle of a knife (601) generation at this time；
3) when piezoelectric actuator (701) generates swept-sine vibration, active force and rear end that front end generates bearing box (603)
The active force generated to piezoelectric force transducer (702) is equal, utilizes data collector and computer to piezoelectric force transducer at this time
(702) the excitation force signal measured is recorded；
Handle of a knife is measured due to the vibration signal that piezoelectric actuator encourages and generates using displacement sensor and acceleration transducer, and
Signal is recorded using data collector and computer；
4) it uses vold-kalman filtering to carry out order tracking technique extraction in a computer, filters out shaking for handle of a knife (601) revolution generation
Dynamic signal obtains, by the force signal and response signal of piezoelectric actuator (701) excitation generation, carrying out force signal and response signal
It calculates, obtains frequency response function of the main shaft under turn state.
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| CN201810317073.1A CN108507785B (en) | 2018-04-10 | 2018-04-10 | Device and method for testing dynamic characteristics of main shaft in rotation state |
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| CN201810317073.1A CN108507785B (en) | 2018-04-10 | 2018-04-10 | Device and method for testing dynamic characteristics of main shaft in rotation state |
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| CN109839263A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of GIS feature extraction and mechanical defect diagnostic method based on vibration information |
| CN110763447A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-07 | 华中科技大学 | Hydrostatic bearing characteristic testing device and method |
| CN111795820A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-20 | 宁波大学 | Measuring system and method for obtaining inherent frequency of cycloidal gear of speed reducer under different working conditions |
| CN114264329A (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2022-04-01 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for testing vibration reliability of photoelectric encoder based on fuzzy control |
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| CN114264329A (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2022-04-01 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for testing vibration reliability of photoelectric encoder based on fuzzy control |
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| CN108507785B (en) | 2019-12-24 |
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