CN104251764B - Rolling bearing vibration detection device and analysis method - Google Patents
Rolling bearing vibration detection device and analysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104251764B CN104251764B CN201410519880.3A CN201410519880A CN104251764B CN 104251764 B CN104251764 B CN 104251764B CN 201410519880 A CN201410519880 A CN 201410519880A CN 104251764 B CN104251764 B CN 104251764B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rolling bearing vibration detection device. The rolling bearing vibration detection device comprises a bearing vibration measuring unit, a spindle rotation error measuring unit and a base, wherein the bearing vibration measuring unit and the spindle rotation error measuring unit are respectively and fixedly installed on the base and are located on the two sides of a spindle of a rolling bearing to be measured; the bearing vibration measuring unit comprises a contact-type vibration sensor and a three-dimensional micro-displacement platform, the contact-type vibration sensor is fixedly arranged on the three-dimensional micro-displacement platform, the three-dimensional micro-displacement platform is fixedly arranged on the base; and the contact-type vibration sensor can translate along the radial, axial and vertical direction of the rolling bearing to be measured; the spindle rotation error measuring unit comprises a displacement sensor and a two-dimensional micro-displacement platform, the displacement sensor is fixedly arranged on the two-dimensional micro-displacement platform, the two-dimensional micro-displacement platform is fixedly arranged on the base and the displacement sensor can translate along the radial and vertical direction of the rolling bearing to be measured. The invention further relates to a rolling bearing vibration analysis method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bearing vibration detection means and analysis method, more particularly, to one kind can exclude heart axle
The bearing vibration detection means of turn error impact and analysis method.
Background technology
, as the revolving support part of high-speed precision digital control machine tool chief axis, the robust motion of its own is direct for rolling bearing
Have influence on the machining accuracy of lathe.With the continuous improvement of Modern NC Machine Tool machining accuracy, to rolling bearing dynamic property
Require also more and more higher, bear vibration becomes one of project that must examine.Bear vibration refers to that bearing, in operation process, removes
The necessary motion of function is outer, the motion of the deviation ideal position that its inner body occurs.In actual applications, work as bearing outer ring
Fixing, during inner ring rotation, bear vibration is mainly shown as that inner ring deviates the motion of ideal position；When bearing inner race is fixed, outer ring
During rotation, bear vibration is mainly shown as that the motion of ideal position is deviateed in outer ring.Bear vibration Producing reason mainly includes：
（1）The radial rigidity of time-varying；（2）Mismachining tolerance, the such as percent ripple on lasso raceway and rolling element surface, roughness
With diameter deviation etc.；（3）Collision between retainer and rolling element and lasso；（4）Surface defect, such as spot corrosion and peeling etc.；
（5）The plastic deformation of outer ring；（6）Impurity in lubricant.
For the measurement of bear vibration, usual way is that bearing inner race is arranged on a heart axle with main shaft rotation
On, outer ring does not turn and bears certain axially or radially load, along the circumferential direction takes at outer ring face of cylinder width 1/2nd
Three measurement points, measure the radial vibration of outer ring successively, then average.According to JB/T 51112-2001《Rolling bearing
Vibration（Speed）Measuring method》Regulation, the speed amount of outer ring radial vibration adopts moving-coil speed-type sensor to measure；According to
JB/T 51114―2002《Bearing vibration（Acceleration）Measuring method》Regulation, the amount of acceleration of outer ring radial vibration
Using the measurement of acceleration type sensor.Because quality test of pile reacts more sensitive to low-frequency vibration, thus relatively low in rotating speed
Shi Shihe adopts velocity measurement to try；And because acceleration type sensor reacts more sensitive to dither, so in rotating speed relatively
It is suitable for when high using amount of acceleration test.During using velocity measurement examination bearing, respectively in low frequency（50～300Hz）, intermediate frequency（300
～1800Hz）And high frequency（1800～10000Hz）Its vibration values is evaluated in three frequency ranges；And when adopting amount of acceleration test, lead to
Often in passband section（50～10000Hz）Interior evaluation vibration values.
In practice, the turn error of heart axle can produce impact to the measurement of bear vibration.Because heart axle is fixedly mounted on electricity
On owner's axle, electric machine main shaft has certain turn error, and heart axle has Form and position error in itself, leads to heart axle also to have back
Turn error.The turn error of heart axle can make the rotation axiss of bearing inner race shift and swing, that is, by rotation axiss
One or two be mutually perpendicular to occur in plane radial translation, axial translation and angular motion.These kinematic errors will be led to
Cross rolling element to be delivered on bearing outer ring, thus introducing systematic measurement error.Although commonly used hydraulic static spindle at present,
It is the presence that still can not eliminate heart axle turn error.Therefore, it is necessary to propose a kind of measurement analysis method to evaluate and to separate the heart
The impact to bear vibration for the axle turn error, to improve the accuracy of measurement result.
The measurement of turn error typically adopts one-dimensional method or two dimensional method, and wherein unidirectional measurement method is the one of main shaft gyration face
Sensor is placed on individual direction and measures main shaft run-out value, and bidirectional measurement method is in orthogonal x and y both direction
On measure main shaft run-out value simultaneously.Conventional vibrating sensor has electric vortex type, condenser type and laser displacement sensor,
Main performance index includes measurement range, resolution, response characteristic, the linearity and stability.The master of eddy current displacement sensor
Feature is wanted to be measurement range width, response speed is very fast；The feature of capacitance displacement sensor is high resolution, can achieve and is less than 1nm
Resolution, but response speed is relatively low；The feature of laser displacement sensor is in response to speed soon, and the linearity is high.Because JB/T
The radial direction of main shaft specified in 51112-2001 and JB/T 51114-2002 and end face run-out error in micron dimension, so
It is more suitable that the vibration of main shaft herein is measured using electric vortex type or laser displacement sensor.
Because being a driving source of bear vibration in the turn error of measurement process central shaft, relation between the two takes
Certainly in the dynamicss that bearing itself is complicated.If bearing to be measured is seen as a system, bear vibration sees system as
Output, then the input of system just includes the turn error of heart axle and the various excitations of Bearing inner（For example lasso raceway and
Collision of the percent ripple on rolling element surface, roughness, local defect, retainer and ball and lasso etc.）.For bear vibration and
Causal research between various excitations, usual way is based on periodic signal it is assumed that passing through relatively actual measurement
The excitation spectrum of rumble spectrum and Theoretical Calculation come to distinguish certain excitation to vibration impact.But this method is in low-frequency range
Inside there is certain feasibility, but in the range of medium, high frequency, because the radio-frequency component of bearing vibration signal is extremely complex, and
And different excitations may produce identical frequency component, lead to be difficult to tell the vibration frequency components that certain excitation produces,
Also it is difficult to separate this impact to bear vibration for the excitation.Therefore, how separately the impact of spindle vibration is that bear vibration is surveyed
One difficult point of amount.
Content of the invention
In view of this, it is necessory to provide a kind of bearing vibration detection dress that can divide the impact of centrifugal shaft turn error
Put and analysis method.
A kind of bearing vibration detection means, it includes：One bear vibration measuring unit, the wholeheartedly measurement of axle turn error
Unit and a base, described bear vibration measuring unit and described heart axle turn error measuring unit are respectively and fixedly installed to institute
State base, and be located at the both sides of rolling bearing heart axle to be measured.Described bear vibration measuring unit includes contact vibrating sensor
With three-dimensional micro-displacement platform, described contact vibrating sensor be fixed on described three-dimensional micro-displacement platform, this three-dimensional micrometric displacement put down
Platform is fixed on described base, described contact vibrating sensor can along rolling bearing to be measured radially, axially and vertical direction
Translational motion.Described heart axle turn error measuring unit includes displacement transducer and two-dimensional micro-displacement platform, this displacement transducer
It is fixed on described two-dimensional micro-displacement platform, this two-dimensional micro-displacement platform is fixed on described base, and institute's displacement sensors can edge
The radial direction of rolling bearing to be measured and vertical direction translational motion.
A kind of Vibration Analysis of Rolling Bearings method, it comprises the following steps：Gather the vibration signal of rolling bearing to be measured；Adopt
Collect the heart axle turn error signal of rolling bearing to be measured；Described vibration signal and heart axle turn error signal are carried out coherence and divide
Analysis, draws the vibration effect to rolling bearing to be measured for the heart axle turn error；Remove heart axle turn error to rolling bearing to be measured
Vibration effect, obtains the vibration values being produced by rolling bearing oneself factor to be measured.
A kind of Vibration Analysis of Rolling Bearings method, it comprises the following steps：One foregoing bearing vibration is provided
Detection means；Record the vibration signal of rolling bearing to be measured using bear vibration measuring unit；Using the measurement of heart axle turn error
Unit records the heart axle turn error signal of rolling bearing to be measured；Described vibration signal and heart axle turn error signal are carried out phase
Dryness is analyzed, and draws the vibration effect to rolling bearing to be measured for the heart axle turn error；Remove heart axle turn error to rolling to be measured
The vibration effect of bearing, obtains the vibration values being produced by rolling bearing oneself factor to be measured.
Compared with prior art, the bearing vibration detection means that the present invention provides and analysis method can remove
The impact to this bear vibration for the rolling bearing heart axle turn error to be measured, makes measurement result more accurately react rolling bearing to be measured
The level of vibration of itself.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of bearing vibration detection means provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the overlooking the structure diagram of bearing vibration detection means provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of base in bearing vibration detection means provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional knot of bearing vibration detection means middle (center) bearing vibration measurement unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the perspective view of the connecting plate of Fig. 4 middle (center) bearing vibration measurement unit.
Fig. 6 is the vertical of bearing vibration detection means central shaft turn error measuring unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Body structural representation.
Main element symbol description
| Bearing vibration detection means | 10 |
| Bear vibration measuring unit | 11 |
| Heart axle turn error measuring unit | 12 |
| Base | 13 |
| Rolling bearing to be measured | 14 |
| Heart axle | 15 |
| Contact vibrating sensor | 111 |
| Right-angle connecting plate | 112 |
| Three-dimensional micro-displacement platform | 113 |
| X is to displacement platform | 114 |
| Z is to displacement platform | 115 |
| Y is to displacement platform | 116 |
| Connecting plate | 117 |
| Right angle frame | 118 |
| Bolt hole | 118a、118b、119a、119b、119c、119d |
| Displacement transducer | 121 |
| Grooved sensor stand | 122 |
| Two-dimensional micro-displacement platform | 123 |
| Connecting plate | 124 |
| X is to displacement platform | 125 |
| Y is to displacement platform | 126 |
| Right angle frame | 127 |
| Bow beam | 131 |
| Magnetic base | 132 |
| Screwed hole | 133、134 |
| Groove | 135 |
Following specific embodiment will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, the bearing vibration detection means present invention being provided and analysis side
Method is described in further detail.
See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of bearing vibration detection means 10.This rolling
Bearing vibration detector 10 includes bear vibration measuring unit 11, heart axle turn error measuring unit 12 and base 13, should
Bear vibration measuring unit 11 and heart axle turn error measuring unit 12 are respectively and fixedly installed to described base 13, and are located to be measured
The both sides of the heart axle 15 of rolling bearing 14.
See also Fig. 3, described base 13 includes bow beam 131 and magnetic base 132, this bow beam 131 and magnetic force
Base 132 is bolted, and magnetic base 132 adsorbs on work top, plays a supportive role, in order to avoid positioning is interfered,
The bottom surface of bow beam 131 is higher than the bottom surface of magnetic base 132.Bow beam 131 has two wall portions（Figure does not indicate）, this two arms
Portion installs bearing vibration measurement unit 11 and heart axle turn error measuring unit 12 respectively.In order to reduce the injustice of bow beam 131
Weighing apparatus moment, the length of two-arm determines according to the gravity of bear vibration measuring unit 11 and heart axle turn error measuring unit 12.For
Improve the stability of bow beam 131, be respectively provided with screwed hole 133 and 134 at the two ends of this bow beam 131, use during measurement
Bolt（Not shown）Carry out Auxiliary support, so that described bear vibration measuring unit 11 and heart axle turn error measuring unit 12 is reached
The state of balance.The bottom surface setting groove 135 of described bow beam 131, this groove 135 is used for adjusting the weight of bow beam 131 both sides
Amount.
See also Fig. 4, described bear vibration measuring unit 11 includes contact vibrating sensor 111, right angle connects
Plate 112 and three-dimensional micro-displacement platform 113, described contact vibrating sensor 111 is fixed on three-dimensional micro- by right-angle connecting plate 112
On displacement platform 113, realize it along the radial direction (x) of rolling bearing to be measured, axially (z) and the translational motion of vertical direction (y), make
Obtain measurement point position at 1/2nd of housing washer external cylindrical surface width to be measured, and so that contact load during measurement is met
Regulation requires.According to the regulation of JB/T 51112-2001 and JB/T 51114-2002, when the internal diameter of rolling bearing to be measured is little
When 10mm, contact load is 1.0～5.0N；When internal diameter is more than or equal to 10mm, contact load is 5.0～10.0N.
Described three-dimensional micro-displacement platform 113 includes x to displacement platform 114, z to displacement platform 115 and y to displacement platform 116, wherein
X is connected by connecting plate 117 to displacement platform 114 and z to displacement platform 115, and z adopts straight to displacement platform 115 and y to displacement platform 116
Corner bracket 118 connects.This three-dimensional micro-displacement platform 113 Motion Parallel degree in the x direction should meet contact vibrating sensor 111
Angle between the vertical line of the contact load position to housing washer to be measured and spindle axis is not more than 2 °, in y direction
On positioning precision should ensure that contact load position disalignment line distance be less than 0.2mm.In order to eliminate movement clearance, z
Adopt spring to displacement platform 115 and y to displacement platform 116（Not shown）Reset, x reaches to displacement platform 114 and adopts after desired location
Two or more screws（Not shown）Locking.
See also Fig. 5, in order to avoid positioning interfere, the bolt hole 118a of described connecting plate 117,118b, 119a,
119b, 119c, 119d all using countersunk head pore structure, wherein 118a and 118b be used for being fixedly connected x to displacement platform 114 and z to
Displacement platform 115,119a, 119b, 119c and 119d are used for being fixedly connected z to displacement platform 115 and y to displacement platform 116, described bolt
Hole 119a, 119b, 119c and 119d be arranged to four be in order to increase platform x to range of movement, when contact vibrate pass
When the probe of sensor 111 is shorter, described connecting plate 117 is fixedly connected to displacement platform 114 by described x using 119a and 119b, instead
Described connecting plate 117 is fixedly connected described x to displacement platform 114 using 119c with 119d by it.
See also Fig. 6, described heart axle turn error measuring unit 12 includes displacement transducer 121, grooved sensor
Support 122, two-dimensional micro-displacement platform 123 and connecting plate 124.Described two-dimensional micro-displacement platform 123 includes x to displacement platform 125 and y
To displacement platform 126, this x is connected by right angle frame 127 to displacement platform 125 and y to displacement platform 126, and wherein x leads to displacement platform 125
Cross connecting plate 124 to be fixed on base 13.Institute's displacement sensors 121 by flute profile sensor stand 122 be fixed on described y to
Displacement platform 126, realizes the translational motion of its radially x and vertical direction y.In order to point centrifugal shaft turn error is to the axis of rolling to be measured
Hold the impact of vibration, the measurement point of the measurement point of heart axle turn error and housing washer to be measured vibration is put down in same radial direction
In face.
Displacement transducer 121 in described heart axle turn error measuring unit 12 can not also pass through described two-dimensional micro-displacement
Platform 123 is arranged on base 13, as long as institute's displacement sensors 121 can be made to put down along the radial direction of rolling bearing to be measured and vertical direction
Shifting movement, for example, it is possible to institute's displacement sensors 121 are arranged on a cantilever beam, makes heart axle by controlling this cantilever beam
The measurement point of the measurement point of turn error and housing washer to be measured vibration is in same sagittal plane.
In measurement process, the factor of bearing vibration to be measured is caused mainly to include the turn error of heart axle, lasso rolling
Road and the form error on rolling element surface（Such as percent ripple, roughness and surface defect etc.）, retainer and rolling element and guiding
Collision of rib etc..Because the turn error of heart axle is the dynamic excitation of rolling bearing to be measured, rolling bearing itself not to be measured
Vibration source, therefore should remove its impact to bearing vibration to be measured, make measurement result more accurately react rolling to be measured
The level of vibration of dynamic bearing itself.By coherent analysis, Ke Yifen are carried out to the vibration signal of collection and turn error signal
The impact to bearing vibration to be measured for the centrifugal shaft turn error.
Rolling bearing to be measured is seen as a system, bearing vibration to be measured, as the output of system, causes to be measured
The excitation of bearing vibration is then the input of system.Order measurement gained bearing outer ring vibration signal be, the revolution of heart axle
What error produced is actuated to, coherent function between the two is defined as：
In formulaWithRepresent respectivelyWithAutopower spectral density,Close for crosspower spectrum
Degree.Represent the outer ring vibrational energy that heart axle turn error causes account for outer ring global vibration can ratio, that is, reacted heart axle and returned
Turn the size to outer ring vibration effect for the error, the outer ring oscillation power spectrum density thus obtaining the generation of heart axle turn error is：
After then removing the impact of heart axle turn error excitation, can be by the foozle of rolling bearing to be measured itself and structure
The oscillation power spectrum density that characteristic produces, that is,：
Understand that according to Parseval theorem the area under power spectral density plot is equal to the area under signal amplitude square, because
This is in a certain frequency rangeInterior by the root-mean-square value of oscillating component that rolling bearing to be measured excitation itself produces it is：
When vibration signal is for speed amount, respectively in low frequency（50～300 Hz）, intermediate frequency（300～1800 Hz）And high frequency
（1800～10000 Hz）The vibration class of rolling bearing to be measured is evaluated, now in three frequency bandsIt is rolling bearing to be measured
Vibration values；When vibration signal is for amount of acceleration, the computing formula of bearing vibration to be measured is：
In formulaRepresent vibration acceleration level, unit is dB,Represent reference acceleration, its value is 9.81 × 10-3m/
s2.
Therefore, by the calculating of above-mentioned formula, you can calculate removal heart axle turn error to bearing vibration to be measured
The vibration of the rolling bearing to be measured of impact, i.e. the vibration that rolling bearing to be measured excitation itself produces.
Bearing vibration detection means provided in an embodiment of the present invention and analysis method can remove heart axle turn error
Impact to bearing vibration to be measured, makes measurement result more accurately react the rolling bearing to be measured level of vibration of itself.
In addition, those skilled in the art can also do other changes in present invention spirit, these are according to present invention spirit
The change done, all should be included in scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of bearing vibration detection means, it includes：
One bear vibration measuring unit, wholeheartedly axle turn error measuring unit and a base, described bear vibration measuring unit
It is respectively and fixedly installed to described base with described heart axle turn error measuring unit, and be located at the two of rolling bearing heart axle to be measured
Side；
Described bear vibration measuring unit includes contact vibrating sensor and three-dimensional micro-displacement platform, and described contact vibration passes
Sensor is fixed on described three-dimensional micro-displacement platform, and this three-dimensional micro-displacement platform is fixed on described base, and described contact vibration passes
Sensor can along rolling bearing to be measured radially, axially with vertical direction translational motion so that measurement point position is in the axis of rolling to be measured
At 1/2nd of bearing outer-ring external cylindrical surface width；
Described heart axle turn error measuring unit includes displacement transducer, and this displacement transducer can be along the footpath of rolling bearing to be measured
To with vertical direction translational motion；
The measurement of the measurement point of displacement transducer and housing washer to be measured vibration in described heart axle turn error measuring unit
Point is in same sagittal plane.
2. bearing vibration detection means as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described bear vibration measuring unit is entered
One step includes a right-angle connecting plate, and described contact vibrating sensor is fixed on described three-dimensional micrometric displacement by this right-angle connecting plate
Platform.
3. bearing vibration detection means as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described three-dimensional micro-displacement platform includes
To displacement platform, z to displacement platform and y to displacement platform, described x is connected to displacement platform by connecting plate x to displacement platform and z, and z is to displacement
Platform and y adopt right angle frame to connect to displacement platform.
4. bearing vibration detection means as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the measurement of described heart axle turn error is single
Unit further includes two-dimensional micro-displacement platform, and institute's displacement sensors are fixed on described two-dimensional micro-displacement platform, this two-dimentional microbit
Move platform and be fixed on described base.
5. bearing vibration detection means as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that the measurement of described heart axle turn error is single
Unit further includes flute profile sensor stand, and institute's displacement sensors are fixed on described two dimension microbit by flute profile sensor stand
Move platform.
6. bearing vibration detection means as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that further include a connecting plate, institute
State two-dimensional micro-displacement platform and described base be fixed on by this connecting plate, this two-dimensional micro-displacement platform include x to displacement platform and y to
Displacement platform, this x is connected by right angle frame to displacement platform and y to displacement platform.
7. bearing vibration detection means as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described base includes bow beam and magnetic
Power base, this bow beam and magnetic base connect, and the bottom surface of this bow beam is higher than the bottom surface of described magnetic base.
8. a kind of Vibration Analysis of Rolling Bearings method, it comprises the following steps：
There is provided just like the bearing vibration detection means described in claim 1 to 7 any one；
Record the vibration signal of rolling bearing to be measured using bear vibration measuring unit；
Record the heart axle turn error signal of rolling bearing to be measured using heart axle turn error measuring unit；
Described vibration signal and heart axle turn error signal are carried out coherent analysis, draws heart axle turn error to rolling to be measured
The vibration effect of bearing；
Remove the vibration effect to rolling bearing to be measured for the heart axle turn error, obtain by rolling bearing oneself factor to be measured generation
Vibration values.
9. a kind of Vibration Analysis of Rolling Bearings method, it comprises the following steps：
Gather the vibration signal of rolling bearing to be measured；
Gather the heart axle turn error signal of rolling bearing to be measured；
Described vibration signal and heart axle turn error signal are carried out coherent analysis, draws heart axle turn error to rolling to be measured
The vibration effect of bearing；
Remove the vibration effect to rolling bearing to be measured for the heart axle turn error, obtain by rolling bearing oneself factor to be measured generation
Vibration values.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410519880.3A CN104251764B (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | Rolling bearing vibration detection device and analysis method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410519880.3A CN104251764B (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | Rolling bearing vibration detection device and analysis method |
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| CN104251764B true CN104251764B (en) | 2017-02-15 |
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