CN103592125A - Method for measuring radial dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing - Google Patents
Method for measuring radial dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103592125A CN103592125A CN201310464803.8A CN201310464803A CN103592125A CN 103592125 A CN103592125 A CN 103592125A CN 201310464803 A CN201310464803 A CN 201310464803A CN 103592125 A CN103592125 A CN 103592125A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the radial dynamic flexibility of a rolling bearing. A vibration table applies a dynamic load to an inner ring of the bearing directly through a switching section, a force sensor and an acceleration sensor are connected between the vibration table and the switching section, the vibration table applies simple harmonic excitation, data collected by the acceleration sensor and data collected by the force sensor are recorded, and a real load applied to the inner ring of the bearing is acquired by using a switching section influence eliminating technology; and a real displacement is acquired by using a multi-section displacement correcting technology, then a force-displacement hysteresis loop is drawn according to the synchronous real load and real displacement acquired by direct loading, and finally, the radial dynamic flexibility of the rolling bearing under parameters of different excitation frequencies, different force amplitudes and the like is acquired. The method provided by the invention is easy to implement and simple to operate, and can acquire a high-precision dynamic flexibility test value under the parameters of different excitation frequencies, different excitation force amplitudes and the like very conveniently.
Description
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Technical field
the present invention relates to the radially method of testing of dynamic flexibility of mechanical engineering field centre bearer, specifically, what relate to is to adopt the method directly loading to complete the radially test of dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing.
Background technology
rolling bearing is widely used in mechanical engineering field, and it is one of part the most generally adopting in rotating machinery, and its radial support dynamic flexibility is the important parameter of rotor/dynamics of rotating shafts characteristic.Yet, in at present engineering application to rolling bearing radially dynamic flexibility also lack ripe method of testing, in practice, still adopt the universal method of engineering component dynamic flexibility test, these methods not exclusively applicable rolling bearing be the high precision measurement of dynamic flexibility radially, and test result error is larger.Two key factors that obtain rolling bearing dynamic flexibility by on-the-spot test are: how Real-time Obtaining loads on the true dynamic loading at bearing place and the real displacement at corresponding load face place.These two aspects must organically combine, indispensable.The bearing dynamic flexibility test loading method adopting in engineering at present comprises: vibrator harmonic excitation, power hammer transient excite and the excitation of mass eccentricity rotor etc.Under the exciting force form of vibrator harmonic excitation and rolling bearing actual condition, stand under load situation approaches, but while existing vibrator to load to the unfavorable constraint of bearing and conventionally cannot guarantee permanent width exciting; Power hammer transient excite method is simple, easy to operate, but under its transient excite form and bearing actual condition, is subject to the situation of harmonic excitation to differ larger, therefore the precision of acquired results is poor; Loaded state under mass eccentricity rotor excitation simulation rolling bearing actual condition, its exiting form and bearing actual conditions are very approaching, but require the complexity of its testing apparatus close with the rotor-support-foundation system of original equipment, in this test of bearing dynamic flexibility at large complicated rotating machinery, be difficult to realize.Meanwhile, the frequency range of test is subject to restriction and the impact of critical rotor speed, many features of the simulation eccentric rotor system in testing equipment (misalign etc.) can bring error to test findings.In test, the suffered radially dynamic load of rolling bearing and corresponding displacement also cannot directly be measured, and need to calculate by approximate formula, and all these cumulative errorss can reduce the precision of test findings greatly.On the other hand, on the bearing displacement acquisition methods that radially dynamic flexibility is tested, the acceleration quadratic integral generally adopting in engineering is asked the error of the further expanding test result of method meeting of displacement.
at present field of engineering technology need to develop a kind of specially for the rolling bearing method of testing of dynamic flexibility radially, the method should generally be applicable in engineering application rolling bearing the most widely, method is easy to realize, be not subject to the restriction of measured bearing actual condition, can directly measure and obtain radially two required parameters of dynamic flexibility of bearing: time fluctuating load and corresponding displacement, consider the impact of testing equipment assembly parameter and test specimen Dynamic Inertia power simultaneously, thereby realize the radially high precision measurement of dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing.
Summary of the invention
in bearing dynamic flexibility test at present, still adopt the universal method of engineering component dynamic flexibility test, these methods often cannot directly be measured the synchronous dynamic loading of rolling bearing and displacement simultaneously, and test result precision is poor.To the object of the invention is to lack the radially blank of dynamic flexibility method of testing of rolling bearing in order filling up in engineering application, to have proposed a kind of radially method of dynamic flexibility of direct load mode measurement rolling bearing that adopts.
rolling bearing radially dynamic flexibility can be defined as the radial displacement under bearing unit's dynamic load, i.e. the acquisition of dynamic flexibility need to be measured dynamic load and two parameters of radial displacement.The high-acruracy survey value that wants to obtain by test bearing dynamic flexibility, preferably can directly load by dynamic exciting, and realize the suffered dynamic load of bearing simultaneously and produce displacement synchronously, directly measure.
for achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
a kind of radially method of dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing of measuring, it is characterized in that, shaking table is applied directly to bearing inner race by group section by dynamic loading, between shaking table and group section, connect power sensor and acceleration transducer, shaking table applies harmonic excitation, record the data of acceleration transducer collection, the data that power sensor gathers, the accekeration that degree of will speed up sensor collects and the quality of group section multiply each other and obtain the inertial force of group section, remove the true load that this inertial force just obtains being carried in bearing inner race in the power value of power sensor collection;
eddy displacement sensor is installed in a plurality of positions at bearing, with eddy displacement sensor, measures the displacement that bearing loads a plurality of cross sections at position, and a plurality of displacements are averaged and can be obtained real displacement;
last basis directly loads lower synchronous real load and the real displacement obtaining, and draws " power-displacement lagging curve ", finally obtains the radially dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing under the parameters such as the sharp frequency of difference, power width.
adopt multichannel data acquisition system to carry out synchronous acquisition to acceleration transducer, power sensor and eddy displacement sensor, guarantee the time consistency of all the sensors signal.
described group section comprises: universal hinge, connecting rod, loading portal frame and dummy shaft, connecting rod one end connects loading portal frame by the universal shaking table other end that is hinged, on connecting rod, arrange acceleration transducer and power sensor simultaneously, load portal frame lower end and connect dummy shaft, it passes to dummy shaft by the excitation of connecting rod, dummy shaft and bearing inner race close contact.
rolling bearing is adopted and loads gap, border technology for eliminating, and gap, described loading border technology for eliminating refers to by custom-designed two annular pressing plate structures eliminates the gap, loading border producing due to assembling between bearing inner race-dummy shaft, bearing outer ring-basis.On annular pressing plate, be distributed with a plurality of rotational symmetry through holes, bolt is connected pressing plate through these through holes with dummy shaft/basis, the inner edge of clamp surface contacts with dummy shaft/bearing outer ring, the outer rim of clamp surface contacts with bearing inner race/basis, when tighting a bolt, pressing plate will push bearing inner race and dummy shaft (or bearing outer ring and basis) simultaneously, and this squeezing action will make bearing inner race and dummy shaft (or bearing outer ring and basis) that radial deformation occurs, thereby reach, load the object that eliminate in gap, border.
outstanding feature of the present invention is:
1, proposed specially for rolling bearing radially method of testing and a whole set of technical scheme of dynamic flexibility, method is easy to realize, simple to operate, can obtain very easily the high precision dynamic flexibility test value under the parameters such as different excited frequencies, amplitude of exciting force;
2, realized directly applying and direct measurement of load
shaking table can be realized the permanent width harmonic excitation of acceleration under assigned frequency, this and rolling bearing under actual condition because the harmonic excitation that rotor/rotating shaft amount of unbalance causes is in full accord.Utilize this feature, shaking table is combined with the group section of acceleration transducer, power sensor and particular design, realize rolling bearing radially direct loading and the directly measurement of harmonic excitation.Meanwhile, the radially direct loading method of this bearing is that the rolling bearing (for example angular contact ball bearing) that needs axial location has been reserved axial loading space, is applicable to the dynamic flexibility test of this class bearing completely;
3, specialized designs the group section mechanism radially directly loading for rolling bearing
group section mechanism is carried out to particular design, comprise universal hinge, load the members such as portal frame, dummy shaft.This mechanism can correct shaking table output drive deflection automatically, assurance group section is consistent with bearing inner race contact situation and former operating mode, and makes group section in whole loading procedure, make rigid body rectilinear motion, and the dynamic displacement of being simultaneously convenient to bearing loading position is directly measured;
4, propose group section and affected technology for eliminating
in most of dynamic test, the impact of middleware inertial force is often out in the cold.For further improving the measuring accuracy of bearing movable load, utilize acceleration information to obtain group section inertial force, it is combined with force signal, the final true dynamic loading that acts on bearing inner race that obtains;
5, gap, loading border technology for eliminating has been proposed
in the installation process of plant equipment, fit-up gap and error are inevitable, and this effectively applies generation considerable influence to load, load border for this reason designed with the position that basis is connected the impact that special pressure plate structure is eliminated gap, border at bearing.The another one effect of this design is to allow dummy shaft and bearing inner race closely cooperate, and the displacement that makes bearing load position is directly measured and become possibility;
6, realized the direct measurement of bearing dynamic displacement
use non-contact turbulent flow displacement transducer to gather dynamic displacement signal, dummy shaft is designed at the enough large rigid body parts of loading direction rigidity, in conjunction with loading gap, border technology for eliminating, thereby realize the direct measurement of bearing loading position dynamic displacement;
7, multi-section displacement correction technology has been proposed
consider the loading force deflection problem that is bound to occur inevitable error in assembling process and brings thus, adopt symmetrical multiple spot to arrange displacement transducer and the method for getting arithmetic mean is eliminated this impact.Meanwhile, think that the basic border of solid bearing can not keep absolute rest when bearing is subject to dynamic loading, therefore use displacement transducer to gather the displacement signal of foundation motion.Consider above factor, propose multi-section displacement correction technology and eliminate loading force deflection and the servo-actuated impact on bearing dynamic displacement signal in basic border;
8, all the sensors all adopts same multi-channel system to come collection signal and deal with data, has guaranteed the time synchronized of power, acceleration and displacement signal;
9, " power-displacement lagging curve " by measured data, drawn obtains the radially dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing under different parameters.
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Accompanying drawing explanation
fig. 1 is the structural representation of the test desk that uses in the specific embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1;
fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of measuring method in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
rolling bearing radially dynamic flexibility can be defined as the radial displacement under bearing unit's dynamic load, i.e. the acquisition of dynamic flexibility need to be measured dynamic load and two parameters of radial displacement.The high-acruracy survey value that wants to obtain by test bearing dynamic flexibility, preferably can directly load by dynamic exciting, and realize the suffered dynamic load of bearing simultaneously and produce displacement synchronously, directly measure.
as shown in Figure 1, what in figure, describe is for measuring the radially test board of dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing, involving vibrations platform 1, shaking table 1 is applied directly to bearing inner race by group section by dynamic load, and group section comprises that universal hinge 2, connecting rod, radial force load portal frame 6 and dummy shaft 9.Connecting rod one end connects loading portal frame by the universal shaking table other end that is hinged, on connecting rod, be furnished with acceleration transducer and power sensor, load portal frame and aim at dummy shaft design, it passes to dummy shaft by the excitation of connecting rod, the part that dummy shaft contacts with bearing inner race, mated condition when its geometric configuration, processing request, assembling is all consistent with the actual condition of bearing, thereby realizes the high-fidelity loading of excitation.
rolling bearing 8 to be measured is assembled between dummy shaft 9 and basic border 7, and the inner edge place on the outer rim of dummy shaft 9 and basic border 7 is provided with the inside and outside circle that boss structure is distinguished alignment bearing.Two block pressur plate mechanisms 10 are connected with basic border 7 with dummy shaft 9 by bolt respectively.Meanwhile, press plate mechanism 10 is located rolling bearing 8 by the inside and outside circle of extrusion rolling bearing 8 and is eliminated and loads gap, border.Near border 7, basis and dummy shaft 9, be provided with eddy current displacement sensor 5, eddy current displacement sensor is non-contacting, as long as can realize displacement measurement near being placed on measured object during test, the effect of connecting rod is that shaking table excitation is reached to loading portal frame, and finally by dummy shaft, excitation is put on to bearing inner race.Acting as of universal hinge reduces the impact of loading force deflection on result, arranges acceleration transducer and power sensor on connecting rod simultaneously, is used for measuring the acceleration signal of group section and the force signal that shaking table applies.
rolling bearing is adopted and loads gap, border technology for eliminating, and gap, described loading border technology for eliminating refers to by custom-designed two annular pressing plate structures eliminates the gap, loading border producing due to assembling between bearing inner race-dummy shaft, bearing outer ring-basis.On annular pressing plate, be distributed with a plurality of rotational symmetry through holes, bolt is connected pressing plate through these through holes with dummy shaft/basis, the inner edge of clamp surface contacts with dummy shaft/bearing outer ring, the outer rim of clamp surface contacts with bearing inner race/basis, when tighting a bolt, pressing plate will push bearing inner race and dummy shaft (or bearing outer ring and basis) simultaneously, and this squeezing action will make bearing inner race and dummy shaft (or bearing outer ring and basis) that radial deformation occurs, thereby reach, load the object that eliminate in gap, border.
fig. 2 has provided the radially method of testing of dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing, after shaking table vibration, under assigned frequency, realize the permanent width harmonic excitation of acceleration, record data, the force sensor data of acceleration transducer, the acceleration signal that degree of will speed up sensor collects and the quality of group section multiply each other and obtain turning the inertial force in stage, remove the true load that this inertial force just obtains being carried in bearing inner race in force sensor data;
eddy displacement sensor is installed in a plurality of positions at bearing, with eddy displacement sensor, measures the displacement that bearing loads a plurality of cross sections at position, and a plurality of displacements are averaged and can be obtained real displacement;
last basis directly loads lower synchronous real load and the real displacement obtaining, and draws " power-displacement lagging curve ", finally obtains the radially dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing under the parameters such as the sharp frequency of difference, power width.
in test process, need to utilize multichannel data acquisition system to carry out synchronous acquisition to acceleration transducer, power sensor and displacement transducer, guarantee the time consistency of all the sensors signal.
Claims (4)
1. measure the radially method of dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing for one kind, it is characterized in that, shaking table is applied directly to bearing inner race by group section by dynamic loading, between shaking table and group section, connect power sensor and acceleration transducer, shaking table applies harmonic excitation, record the data of acceleration transducer collection, the data that power sensor gathers, the accekeration that degree of will speed up sensor collects and the quality of group section multiply each other and obtain the inertial force of group section, remove the true load that this inertial force just obtains being carried in bearing inner race in the power value of power sensor collection;
Eddy displacement sensor is installed in a plurality of positions at bearing, with eddy displacement sensor, measures the displacement that bearing loads a plurality of cross sections at position, and a plurality of displacements are averaged and can be obtained real displacement;
Last basis directly loads lower synchronous real load and the real displacement obtaining, and draws " power-displacement lagging curve ", finally obtains the radially dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing under the parameters such as the sharp frequency of difference, power width.
2. a kind of radially method of dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing of measuring as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt multichannel data acquisition system to carry out synchronous acquisition to acceleration transducer, power sensor and eddy displacement sensor, guarantee the time consistency of all the sensors signal.
3. a kind of radially method of dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing of measuring as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described group section comprises: universal hinge, connecting rod, loading portal frame and dummy shaft, connecting rod one end connects loading portal frame by the universal shaking table other end that is hinged, on connecting rod, arrange acceleration transducer and power sensor simultaneously, load portal frame lower end and connect dummy shaft, it passes to dummy shaft by the excitation of connecting rod, dummy shaft and bearing inner race close contact.
4. a kind of radially method of dynamic flexibility of rolling bearing of measuring as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, rolling bearing is adopted and loads gap, border technology for eliminating, gap, described loading border technology for eliminating refers to by custom-designed two annular pressing plate structures eliminates bearing inner race-dummy shaft, the gap, loading border producing due to assembling between bearing outer ring-basis, on annular pressing plate, be distributed with a plurality of rotational symmetry through holes, bolt is connected pressing plate through these through holes with dummy shaft/basis, the inner edge of clamp surface contacts with dummy shaft/bearing outer ring, the outer rim of clamp surface contacts with bearing inner race/basis, when tighting a bolt, pressing plate will push bearing inner race and dummy shaft or bearing outer ring and basis simultaneously, this squeezing action will make bearing inner race and dummy shaft or bearing outer ring and basis generation radial deformation, thereby reach, load the object that eliminate in gap, border.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN106248328A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-21 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | A kind of measurement axis architecture reverses the indirect method of dynamic flexibility |
| CN106716103A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2017-05-24 | Ntn株式会社 | Abnormality diagnosis device of rolling bearing, wind power generator, and abnormality diagnosis method of rolling bearing |
| CN108027299A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2018-05-11 | 西门子公司 | Monitor the method and system and ship of the load of the bearing of the driver of ship |
| CN108931219A (en) * | 2018-09-08 | 2018-12-04 | 无锡双益精密机械有限公司 | Ball screw automatic detection device |
| CN109388907A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-26 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | A kind of design method of the shafting with default extensional vibration dynamic flexibility |
| CN106716103B (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2019-07-16 | Ntn株式会社 | For the abnormality diagnosis apparatus of rolling bearing, wind-driven generator and for the abnormality diagnostic method of rolling bearing |
| CN112284575A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-29 | 西安交通大学 | On-line bearing load monitoring method based on eddy current displacement sensor |
| CN112395709A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-23 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for modifying torsional vibration state characteristics of indirect shaft system |
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| CN106716103A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2017-05-24 | Ntn株式会社 | Abnormality diagnosis device of rolling bearing, wind power generator, and abnormality diagnosis method of rolling bearing |
| CN106716103B (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2019-07-16 | Ntn株式会社 | For the abnormality diagnosis apparatus of rolling bearing, wind-driven generator and for the abnormality diagnostic method of rolling bearing |
| CN108027299A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2018-05-11 | 西门子公司 | Monitor the method and system and ship of the load of the bearing of the driver of ship |
| CN108027299B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2019-04-30 | 西门子公司 | Monitor the method and system and ship of the load of the bearing of the driver of ship |
| CN106248328A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-21 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | A kind of measurement axis architecture reverses the indirect method of dynamic flexibility |
| CN108931219A (en) * | 2018-09-08 | 2018-12-04 | 无锡双益精密机械有限公司 | Ball screw automatic detection device |
| CN108931219B (en) * | 2018-09-08 | 2024-03-12 | 慈兴集团有限公司 | Automatic detection device for ball screw |
| CN109388907A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-26 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | A kind of design method of the shafting with default extensional vibration dynamic flexibility |
| CN109388907B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-10-14 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | Design method of shafting with preset longitudinal vibration dynamic flexibility |
| CN112284575A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-29 | 西安交通大学 | On-line bearing load monitoring method based on eddy current displacement sensor |
| CN112395709A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-23 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for modifying torsional vibration state characteristics of indirect shaft system |
| CN112395709B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2024-03-29 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | Modification method, device, equipment and medium for indirect shafting torsional vibration dynamic characteristics |
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