CN103217266A - System and method for synchronously acquiring load and response signals of machine tool vibration test - Google Patents
System and method for synchronously acquiring load and response signals of machine tool vibration test Download PDFInfo
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- CN103217266A CN103217266A CN2013101024390A CN201310102439A CN103217266A CN 103217266 A CN103217266 A CN 103217266A CN 2013101024390 A CN2013101024390 A CN 2013101024390A CN 201310102439 A CN201310102439 A CN 201310102439A CN 103217266 A CN103217266 A CN 103217266A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for synchronously acquiring load and response signals of a machine tool vibration test. The system comprises four parts, namely an excitation subsystem, a response signal acquisition subsystem, a data acquisition front end and a data processor, wherein the excitation subsystem comprises a power amplifier, a vibration exciter and a vibration exciting rod; the response signal acquisition subsystem comprises a force sensor, multiple acceleration sensors and multiple charge amplifiers; the input end of the data acquisition front end is connected with the response signal acquisition subsystem; one output end of the data acquisition front end is connected with the excitation subsystem, and the other output end of the data acquisition front end is connected with the input end of the data processor; and the data processor prestores a program for performing data processing on the load and response signals. The test system can be used for avoiding measurement errors caused by signal delay, filtering out errors in acceleration signals, and accurately analyzing the dynamic vibration response of each part and the complete machine of a machine tool, and has the advantages that the test is accurate, the operation is simple and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the machine vibration field tests, particularly a cover machine vibration test macro especially relates to load and response signal synchronous acquisition system that a cover machine vibration is tested.
Background technology
Numerically-controlled machine is to realize the modern important foundation equipment of equipment manufacture, and its performance is to weigh the important symbol of a national modernization of industry level, overall national strength.Along with numerically-controlled machine to height refine, compoundization, heavy loading direction develop, and the vibration performance of each part and complete machine in the machine tooling process has been proposed more and more higher requirement.Machine vibration not only influences the machining precision and the machined surface quality of lathe, also influences the dependability of machining precision stability and lathe, therefore the vibration performance of lathe is analyzed particularly necessary.
Machine vibration method for analyzing performance commonly used at present has two kinds, and first kind is the finite element simulation method, and second kind is the experimental test method.When the vibration performance of lathe is carried out the finite element simulation analysis,, still be difficult to simulate by finite element method accurately and efficiently at present the vibration performance of lathe owing to the complex natures of the problem such as faying face and practical working situation between machine tool structure feature, part.The experimental test method is the most direct, effective analytical approach, and testing method commonly used at present can be divided into two kinds, and a kind of method is the vibration at actual in-process measurement part of lathe and complete machine.But because the cutting force of precision machine tool is less, and the vibration of actual process is less, is difficult to accurately measure load and vibration response signal; Multiaxis machining center and heavy machine tool process complexity are difficult to arrange response sensor, have limited the application of this method.Another is to adopt impulsive force hammer excitation machine part, and responds by the sensor measurement part, thereby obtains the vibration performance of part.But this method generally is used for the single part of lathe is encouraged and vibration signals collecting, and because the exciting force finite energy of impulsive force hammer, is difficult to encourage the vibration of heavy duty machine tools and heavily loaded lathe, has limited its application.
In addition, when at present the vibration performance of lathe being carried out experimental test, method commonly used is that lathe is applied vibrational excitation, adopt force sensor measuring exciting force signal, adopt acceleration transducer measuring vibrations response signal, then acceleration signal is carried out quadratic integral, obtain the displacement signal of lathe.For example September in 2011 Shen Qing Publication on the 7th CN 102175436 A Chinese invention patents announced a kind of method of testing of the machine tool chief axis dynamic stiffness based on MEMS, the power load that this method adopts the force sensor measuring main shaft to bear adopts acceleration transducer to measure the acceleration of main shaft.By in time domain, acceleration signal being carried out quadratic integral, obtain the displacement signal of main shaft.Because vibration response signal postpones to have phase differential in the pumping signal that applies between exciting force that collects and acceleration signal.And owing to adopt acceleration transducer to measure the easy distortion of low frequency signal, and have high frequency noise in the signal that records, directly in time domain, vibration signal is carried out the amplification that quadratic integral can cause slight error, so the displacement error that this method solves is bigger.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency at present machine vibration measuring technology existence, a kind of load and response signal synchronous acquisition system and method thereof of machine vibration test are proposed, this test macro can provide stable dynamic exciting force, and the vibration response signal of energy synchronous acquisition exciting force and lathe, the measuring error of having avoided signal delay to cause, and the error in the energy filtering acceleration signal, can accurately analyze the dynamic vibration response of each part of lathe and complete machine, have and test accurate, simple operation and other advantages.
The load and the response signal synchronous acquisition system of a kind of machine vibration test that the present invention proposes is characterized in that this system comprises excitation subsystem, response signal acquisition subsystem, data acquisition front and four parts of data processor; Wherein, the excitation subsystem comprises power amplifier, vibrator and exciting rod; The input end of this vibrator is connected with an output terminal of data acquisition front by power amplifier; The output terminal of vibrator connects an end of exciting rod, and the other end of exciting rod links to each other with the force transducer of response signal acquisition subsystem;
The response signal acquisition subsystem comprises a force transducer, a plurality of acceleration transducer and a plurality of charge amplifier; The input end of this force transducer is installed in by screw thread on the end of the exciting rod that encourages subsystem, and the output terminal of force transducer connects the input end of charge amplifier; The output terminal of each acceleration transducer connects a charge amplifier;
The input end of data acquisition front is connected with each acceleration transducer with force transducer by the charge amplifier of response signal acquisition subsystem; An output terminal of data acquisition front is connected with vibrator by the power amplifier of excitation subsystem, the another one output terminal links to each other with the input end of data processor, and this data processor stores the program of load and response signal being carried out data processing in advance.
Utilize the load of above-mentioned machine vibration test and the synchronous collection method of response signal synchronous acquisition system, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) start the synchronous acquisition system, make it be in normal operating conditions, and the range of debugging force transducer and acceleration transducer;
2) data acquisition front provides the steady-state sine pumping signal, and the steady-state sine pumping signal is carried out switching electrical signals after the power amplification through power amplifier, drives the vibrator operate as normal, exports dynamic exciting force by exciting rod during vibrator work;
3) exciting rod applies dynamic exciting by force transducer to machine tool chief axis, gathers the dynamic exciting signal by force transducer, transfers to data acquisition front after amplifying through charge amplifier, obtains dynamic exciting force signal f (t);
4) by magnet base an acceleration transducer is installed respectively in a plurality of positions of needs test lathe vibration performance in advance; Each acceleration transducer is gathered the acceleration signal of relevant position, transfers to data acquisition front after amplifying through charge amplifier, obtains the acceleration responsive signal a (t) of each test position on institute's measurement direction;
5) after data acquisition front provided the steady-state sine pumping signal, vibrator, force transducer and acceleration transducer were worked simultaneously, realized the synchronous acquisition of dynamic exciting force signal f (t) and acceleration responsive signal a (t).
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following significant advantage:
(1) the present invention can realize the synchronous acquisition of dynamic exciting force load and vibration response signal, has avoided signals collecting to postpone the test error that causes.
(2) the present invention can provide stable dynamic exciting force, and data processor is by carrying out Frequency Domain Integration to acceleration signal, effectively filtering the sum of errors noise in the acceleration signal, the measuring accuracy height.
(3) the present invention can record the vibratory response of each part of lathe and complete machine, the vibration performance of energy multianalysis lathe.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the load and the response signal synchronous acquisition system schematic of the machine vibration test of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that data processor passes through the flow process that the Frequency Domain Integration method is handled acceleration responsive signal a (t).
Among the figure, 1, power amplifier, 2, vibrator, 3, exciting rod, 4, force transducer, 5, acceleration transducer, 6, charge amplifier, 7, data acquisition front, 8, data processor, 9, main shaft, 10, worktable.
Embodiment
The load of the machine vibration test that the present invention proposes and response signal synchronous acquisition system and method thereof reach embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and are described in detail as follows:
The load of the machine vibration test that the present invention proposes and response signal synchronous acquisition system architecture as shown in Figure 1, this system consists of the following components: encourage subsystem, response signal acquisition subsystem, data acquisition front 7 and data processor 8.
The excitation subsystem comprises power amplifier 1, vibrator 2 and exciting rod 3.The input end of vibrator 2 is connected with an output terminal of data acquisition front 7 by power amplifier 1.The output terminal of vibrator 2 connects an end of exciting rod 3, and the other end of exciting rod 3 links to each other with the force transducer 4 of response signal acquisition subsystem.
The response signal acquisition subsystem comprises a force transducer 4, a plurality of acceleration transducer 5 and a plurality of charge amplifier 6.The input end of this force transducer 4 is installed on the end of the exciting rod 3 that encourages subsystem by screw thread, an output terminal of this force transducer 4 connects the input end of charge amplifier 6, the excitation load value that output collects is (when system works, another output terminal of this force transducer 4 fixedly sticks on the machine tool chief axis 9 by tackifier, output drive load); The output terminal of each acceleration transducer 5 connects a charge amplifier 6(when system works, and the input end of each acceleration transducer 5 is fixedly sticked on each main part to be measured of lathe by magnet base).
The input end of data acquisition front 7 is connected with each acceleration transducer 5 with force transducer 4 by the charge amplifier 6 of response signal acquisition subsystem.An output terminal of data acquisition front 7 is connected with vibrator 2 by the power amplifier 1 of excitation subsystem, and the another one output terminal links to each other with the input end of data processor 8.
In order to make the more perfect explanation of the present invention, provide following examples as the present invention's reference in the specific implementation:
The load of the machine vibration test that the present invention proposes and the connected mode of response signal synchronous acquisition system are as follows:
During the machine vibration test, the base of vibrator 2 is rigidly fixed on the platen 10, the input end of vibrator 2 is connected with an output terminal of data acquisition front 7 by power amplifier 1, the output terminal of vibrator 2 connects an end of supporting with it exciting rod 3, and the other end of exciting rod 3 is by the force transducer 4 that is threaded.Force transducer 4 is fixedly sticked on machine tool chief axis 9 surfaces by tackifier, and the output terminal of force transducer 4 is connected with an input end of data acquisition front 7 by charge amplifier 6.By the fixing acceleration transducer 5 of pasting of magnet base, the output terminal of acceleration transducer 5 is connected with the input end of data acquisition front 7 by charge amplifier 6 in machine part position to be measured.The another one output terminal of data acquisition front 7 connects data processor 8.
The load of utilizing above-mentioned machine vibration test that the present invention proposes and the synchronous collection method embodiment of response signal synchronous acquisition system may further comprise the steps:
1) start the synchronous acquisition system, make it be in normal operating conditions, and the range of debugging force transducer 4 and acceleration transducer 5;
2) the QDAC module of data acquisition front 7 provides the steady-state sine pumping signal, the steady-state sine pumping signal carries out being converted to the electric signal with enough energy after the power amplification through power amplifier 1, can drive vibrator 2 operate as normal, export dynamic exciting force by exciting rod 3 during vibrator 2 work;
3) exciting rod 3 applies dynamic exciting by 4 pairs of machine tool chief axis 9 of force transducer, gathers the dynamic exciting signal by force transducer 4, transfers to data acquisition front 7 after amplifying through charge amplifier 6, obtains dynamic exciting force signal f (t);
4) by magnet base an acceleration transducer 5 is installed respectively in a plurality of positions of needs test lathe vibration performance; Each acceleration transducer 5 is gathered the acceleration signal of relevant position, transfers to data acquisition front 7 after amplifying through charge amplifier 6, obtains the acceleration responsive signal a (t) of each test position on institute's measurement direction;
5) after data acquisition front 7 provided the steady-state sine pumping signal, vibrator 2, force transducer 4 and acceleration transducer 5 were worked simultaneously, realized the synchronous acquisition of dynamic exciting force signal f (t) and acceleration responsive signal a (t).
Above-mentioned steps 5) concrete grammar in as shown in Figure 2, comprising: data acquisition front 7 transfers to data processor 8 after with exciting force signal f (t) and acceleration responsive signal a (t) synchronous acquisition, by the Frequency Domain Integration method acceleration signal a (t) is handled.Step is as follows:
51) the acceleration signal a (t) in the time domain is made Fourier transform, obtain A (w);
52) A (w) is made quadratic integral, obtain A
1(w);
53), determine a suitable cutoff frequency scope [w according to the structure of being tested
1, w
2], be used for low frequency aberration and the high frequency noise of filtering acceleration signal a (t), concrete grammar is: on the frequency domain with the Fourier transform A behind the integration
1(w) be lower than minimum cutoff frequency w in
1Composition be set to zero, be used for the filtering low frequency aberration; On the frequency domain with the Fourier transform A behind the integration
1(w) be higher than maximum cut-off w in
2Composition be set to zero, be used for filter away high frequency noise, thereby realize filtering signal, finally obtain A
2(w);
54) to A
2(w) carry out inverse Fourier transform, obtain filtered time domain acceleration signal a
1(t);
55) to the acceleration signal a in the time domain
1(t) make quadratic integral, obtain the vibration displacement response signal s (t) in the time domain, be i.e. the vibration displacement of each parts measurement position of lathe response.
After data acquisition front 7 of the present invention provides the steady-state sine pumping signal, vibrator 2, force transducer 4, acceleration transducer 5 are worked simultaneously, exciting rod 3 on the vibrator 2 applies dynamic exciting force by 4 pairs of machine tool chief axis 9 of force transducer, force transducer 4 is measured exciting force load, acceleration transducer 5 is measured the acceleration responsive signal of each position to be measured, power load and acceleration responsive signal amplify the back by charge amplifier 6 to be gathered by data acquisition front 7, and exciting force signal f (t) and the acceleration responsive signal a (t) that obtains transferred to data processor 8; Calculation procedure in the data processor 8 obtains acceleration responsive signal a by acceleration signal is carried out Frequency Domain Integration and Filtering Processing
1(t), pass through signal a again
1(t) make the time domain quadratic integral, obtain the vibration displacement response signal s (t) of each position to be measured of lathe; Can carry out multianalysis to the vibration performance of lathe by exciting force signal f (t) and vibration displacement response signal s (t), as find the solution each part and lathe complete machine in dynamic stiffness of X, Y, Z any direction etc.
Claims (3)
1. the load and the response signal synchronous acquisition system of a machine vibration test is characterized in that, this system comprises excitation subsystem, response signal acquisition subsystem, data acquisition front and four parts of data processor; Wherein, the excitation subsystem comprises power amplifier, vibrator and exciting rod; The input end of this vibrator is connected with an output terminal of data acquisition front by power amplifier; The output terminal of vibrator connects an end of exciting rod, and the other end of exciting rod links to each other with the force transducer of response signal acquisition subsystem;
The response signal acquisition subsystem comprises a force transducer, a plurality of acceleration transducer and a plurality of charge amplifier; The input end of this force transducer is installed in by screw thread on the end of the exciting rod that encourages subsystem, and the output terminal of force transducer connects the input end of charge amplifier; The output terminal of each acceleration transducer connects a charge amplifier;
The input end of data acquisition front is connected with each acceleration transducer with force transducer by the charge amplifier of response signal acquisition subsystem; An output terminal of data acquisition front is connected with vibrator by the power amplifier of excitation subsystem, the another one output terminal links to each other with the input end of data processor, and this data processor stores the program of load and response signal being carried out data processing in advance.
2. utilize the load of the described machine vibration test of claim 1 and the synchronous collection method of response signal synchronous acquisition system, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) start the synchronous acquisition system, make it be in normal operating conditions, and the range of debugging force transducer and acceleration transducer;
2) data acquisition front provides the steady-state sine pumping signal, and the steady-state sine pumping signal is carried out switching electrical signals after the power amplification through power amplifier, drives the vibrator operate as normal, exports dynamic exciting force by exciting rod during vibrator work;
3) exciting rod applies dynamic exciting by force transducer to machine tool chief axis, gathers the dynamic exciting signal by force transducer, transfers to data acquisition front after amplifying through charge amplifier, obtains dynamic exciting force signal f (t);
4) by magnet base an acceleration transducer is installed respectively in a plurality of positions of needs test lathe vibration performance in advance; Each acceleration transducer is gathered the acceleration signal of relevant position, transfers to data acquisition front after amplifying through charge amplifier, obtains the acceleration responsive signal a (t) of each test position on institute's measurement direction;
5) after data acquisition front provided the steady-state sine pumping signal, vibrator, force transducer and acceleration transducer were worked simultaneously, realized the synchronous acquisition of dynamic exciting force signal f (t) and acceleration responsive signal a (t).
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, concrete grammar comprises in the described step 5): data acquisition front 7 transfers to data processor 8 after with exciting force signal f (t) and acceleration responsive signal a (t) synchronous acquisition, by the Frequency Domain Integration method acceleration signal a (t) is handled.Step is as follows:
51) the acceleration signal a (t) in the time domain is made Fourier transform, obtain A (w);
52) A (w) is made quadratic integral, obtain A
1(w);
53), determine a suitable cutoff frequency scope [w according to the structure of being tested
1, w
2], be used for low frequency aberration and the high frequency noise of filtering acceleration signal a (t), concrete grammar is: on the frequency domain with the Fourier transform A behind the integration
1(w) be lower than minimum cutoff frequency w in
1Composition be set to zero, be used for the filtering low frequency aberration; On the frequency domain with the Fourier transform A behind the integration
1(w) be higher than maximum cut-off w in
2Composition be set to zero, be used for filter away high frequency noise, thereby realize filtering signal, finally obtain A
2(w);
54) to A
2(w) carry out inverse Fourier transform, obtain filtered time domain acceleration signal a
1(t);
55) to the acceleration signal a in the time domain
1(t) make quadratic integral, obtain the vibration displacement response signal s (t) in the time domain, be i.e. the vibration displacement of each parts measurement position of lathe response.
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Application publication date: 20130724 |