Rolling guide faying face dynamic characteristic parameter recognition system and recognition methods
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of test recognition system of obtaining the versatility Basic Characteristic Parameters of Joint Surfaces, relates to the faying face characterisitic parameter identification of rolling guide under different precompression states of different size, model.
Background technology
Numerically-controlled machine is the very high precision of requirement, efficient, flexibility, automatically processing device, physical construction is very complicated, its designing technique relates to a lot of ambits, rigidity model is difficult to accurately reflection actual state, main cause is that faying face is very obvious to the influence of lathe complete machine dynamic perfromance, the dynamic perfromance of forming the faying face of machine tool element has non-linear, the multifactor characteristics such as mechanical system of being correlated with, depending on, and difficult parameters such as its rigidity, damping are accurately to determine.According to statistics, occurring on the lathe that vibration problem has more than 60% is to be derived from faying face, and interface elasticity reaches 40~60% to the contribution of machine tool structure general flexibility, and damping value comes from the damping of joint portion more than 90%.Load-bearing capacity is big, precision height, the lower table widespread use on the lathe bed of numerically-controlled machine, worktable, column of the straight-line rolling guide set of speed-regulating range width.The dynamic perfromance of guideway faying face has just become the key factor of machine dynamic characteristics.And poor with the rolling guide-rail pairs faying face of a contact with respect to rail plate and other faying face rigidity, become the weak link of numerically-controlled machine, so the research of rolling guide faying face is become the key factor of numerically-controlled machine.
Though manufacturer's difference of rolling guide, model is different, and basic installation dimension is basically identical for same specification, the consistent kinetic model of approving the joint portion equivalence for some springs and damper of present numerous scholars.Obtain the faying face basic characteristic data of versatility, extract the basic characteristic data of joint portion rigidity and damping, become the important technology of dynamic parsing of precise numerical control machine and structure optimization.
Along with the development of Electronic Testing Technology, the vibration test technology of frequency domain has been made significant headway.Based on " the mechanical impedance tester " of binary channels tracking filtering technique with based on " frequency characteristic analyzer " of digital correlation technology, the development of " data collecting card " makes the research of mechanical impedance ripe more.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rolling guide faying face dynamic characteristic parameter recognition system and recognition methods thereof, for the rapid Optimum of structure of numerically controlled machine-tool, the dynamic parsing provide the important parameters data.
The present invention adopts following technological means to realize:
A kind of rolling guide faying face dynamic perfromance recognition system comprises pedestal, Shi Naiboge set of rails, web joint, rail clamp device, normal direction pressue device, tangential pressue device, drives execution module seven parts composition; Dynamic perfromance recognition device integral body is two guide rail splice symmetrical structures, and described normal direction pressue device and tangential pressue device carry out the identification of normal direction and tangential dynamic parameter at the faying face characteristic of different precompressions;
Symcenter face with experiment table is the center left-right symmetric; Pedestal is made up of experiment table and the interchangeable adjustment piece corresponding with corresponding rolling guide group; Experiment table is provided with the groove structure of O type hole and symmetry, the position of the interchangeable adjustment piece positioning spiro pit of different size is consistent with the installation site that experiment table connects, every group of interchangeable adjustment piece symmetry is installed on the testing table, the groove that its locating surface abuts against on the testing table is processed on the side, guarantee its depth of parallelism, locate interchangeable adjustment piece;
Described rolling guide group is made up of the guide rail and the slide block of different size, and the processing side of the experiment table groove of guide rail one side by accuracy guarantee is arranged is connected with interchangeable adjustment piece, and slide block cooperates with guide rail and constitutes guideway;
The center of gravity acting surface of the both wings of described web joint and guideway faying face are with high, and web joint normal direction and side direction are provided with the center pit of symmetry, and web joint is connected with slide block;
Described rail clamp device makes it act on the plane of gravity of guide rail by regulating bolt, nut, the rubber blanket action center in the position adjustment clamp of experiment table O type groove;
Described recognition device also further is provided with detection module, signalling channel module, Dynamic Signal spectrum analysis processing module; Wherein,
Detection module comprise reluctance head force transducer, acceleration transducer, adopt an acceleration transducer that shakes, adopting an acceleration transducer that shakes is that the center arranges evenly that on web joint and guide rail the signal of detection module is delivered to the dynamic signal analysis processing module by the processing of charge amplifier with the geometric center of web joint;
The signalling channel module comprises charge amplifier, power amplifier, and Dynamic Signal spectrum analysis processing module comprises data collecting card, computing machine; Dynamic Signal spectrum analysis processing module produce pure random excitation signal and fast two kinds of pumping signals of sine sweep affact vibrator and produce corresponding pumping signal through the processing and amplifying of power amplifier, be used for coarse scan and essence is swept;
Described driving execution module, comprise vibrator, reluctance head, web joint and set of rails, vibrator is connected with reluctance head by exciting rod, reluctance head then paste or inhale the normal direction center line that is attached to web joint the surface or with the web joint side centerline of guide rail faying face level, the exciting force that is produced by vibrator acts on the web joint.
Aforesaid rail clamp device makes it act on the plane of gravity of guide rail by regulating bolt, nut, the rubber blanket action center in the position adjustment clamp of experiment table O type groove.
Aforesaid tangential pressue device adopts symmetrical structure, by being threaded of web joint and rubber ring set of rails is pressurizeed.
The recognition methods of a kind of rolling guide dynamic perfromance may further comprise the steps:
1. with corresponding interchangeable adjustment piece, rolling guide group, reach web joint and install, arrange reluctance head and acceleration transducer, the vibrator head is hung up, adjust vibrator, align reluctance head by exciting rod with two tightropes;
2. the Dynamic Signal spectrum analysis module produces pumping signal, after the power amplifier conditioning, affact on the vibrator, the force transducer on the reluctance head records normal direction or tangential exciting force f, it is X that acceleration transducer on the web joint records displacement signal, and the displacement signal that the guide rail upper sensor records is X
s, these signals will be delivered to Dynamic Signal spectrum analysis processing module and handle after charge amplifier B1 conditioning;
3. this device equivalence is one and has effective mass M
e, equivalent damping C
e, equivalent stiffness K
eThe frequency response function of single-mode system, 1. obtain the dynamic perfromance frequency response function of rolling guide-rail pairs by formula:
In the formula: H
e(w) be the frequency response function of the equivalent single-mode system of this device;
, H
x(w) be the relative vibration frequency response function of guideway, the frequency response function at guideway center of gravity place; M is the main quality of shaking; K is an adjustment factor;
②
H
x(w)=X(w)/F(w) ③
4. according to the equivalent single-mode system spectrum curve that produces, as formula 1. shown in, obtain formula equivalent stiffness COEFFICIENT K by peak resonance method, half-power bandwidth recognition methods
e, equivalent damping coefficient C
e:
K
e=km(2πf
n)
2 ④
C
e=2πkmΔf ⑤
In the formula: f
nNatural frequency for equivalent single-mode system; Δ f is a half-power bandwidth; K is an adjustment factor; The rigidity of single rolling guide-rail pairs and ratio of damping are:
K=K
e/2 ⑥
C=C
e/2 ⑦。
The present invention has outstanding advantage at faying face rigidity and ratio of damping and prior art:
(1) experimental provision is simple and reliable, and is easy for installation, realized that physical construction do not have model machine analysis and design, provides important basic data for dynamically resolving.The design of two guide rail splices, the grip device of guide rail has improved the accuracy of identification of dynamic characteristic parameter; Pressue device in the experimental provision has been avoided the influence of rigidity contact to experimental result, has realized analyzing the influence of pressure to normal direction and tangential faying face dynamic perfromance;
(2) single-degree-of-freedom experimental analysis model greatly descends the complexity of experiment, obtain the actual measurement frequency response function curve consistent easily by adjustment factor k with theoretical single-degree-of-freedom frequency response function curve, the disturbing factor that influences accuracy of identification also than easier eliminating in many-degrees of freedom system, obtains the actual measurement frequency response function curve of the equivalent single-mode system of high s/n ratio in single-mode system;
(3) measure the faying face place frequency response function of vibration relatively, got rid of of the influence of experimental provision other parts, realized the identification of normal direction and tangential dynamic characteristic parameter main part;
(4) realize hyperchannel Dynamic Signal Treatment Analysis, reduced experimental error, improved the accuracy of identification of faying face rigidity and ratio of damping;
(5) interchangeable adjustment piece is corresponding one by one with web joint, has guaranteed the experimental provision action center on faying face, has realized an experiment table, the different manufacturers polytype, and the guide rail Dynamic Signal parameter of multiple model is accurately discerned experiment, and is economical and practical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a wiring layout;
Fig. 2 is the interchangeable adjustment piece of MRB65 type;
Fig. 3 is a MRB65 type web joint;
Fig. 4 is the interchangeable adjustment piece of MRA55;
Fig. 5 is the web joint of MRA55 type;
Fig. 6 is the interchangeable adjustment piece of MRA45 type;
Fig. 7 is a M RA45 type web joint;
Fig. 8 is the interchangeable adjustment piece of MRA35 type;
Fig. 9 is a MRA35 type web joint;
Figure 10 is the front view of testing table;
Figure 11 is the vertical view of experiment table;
Figure 12 is the left view of testing table;
Figure 13 is control system figure;
Figure 14 is the principle of work synoptic diagram of rolling guide dynamic perfromance identification experimental provision.
Among the figure 1, experiment table, 2, the interchangeable adjustment piece of MRB65 type, 3, the interchangeable adjustment piece of MRA55 type, 4, the interchangeable adjustment piece of MRA45 type, 5, the interchangeable adjustment piece of MRA35 type, 6, guide rail, 7, slide block, 8, MRB65 type web joint, 9, MRA55 type web joint, 10, MRA45 type web joint, 11, MRA35 type web joint, 12, bolt, 13, nut, 14, rubber blanket, 15, studs, 16, pressurizing nut, 17, rubber ring, 18, pressurization bolt, 19, rubber ring, A, detection module, B, the signalling channel module, C, the dynamic signal analysis processing module, A1, force transducer, A2, speed pickup, A3, adopt an acceleration transducer that shakes, B1, charge amplifier, B2, power amplifier, C1, data collecting card, C2, computing machine, A4, vibrator, A5, reluctance head.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Experimental provision of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, rolling guide group corresponding Shi Naiboge rolling guide group MRB65 type, MRA55 type, MRA45 type, four kinds of models of MRA35 type in apparatus of the present invention of forming by guide rail 6 and slide block 7.The whole symmetrical structure that adopts is the center left-right symmetric with the symcenter face of experiment table 1, comprises pedestal, rolling guide group, web joint, rail clamp device, normal direction pressue device, tangential pressue device, drives execution module seven parts and form, wherein:
Pedestal is made up of Shi Naiboge rolling guide group MRB65 type, MRA55 type, MRA45 type, MRA35 type corresponding respectively interchangeable adjustment piece and experiment table 1, and interchangeable adjustment piece correspondence 2 in this experimental provision is that interchangeable adjustment piece MRB65 type, 3 is that interchangeable adjustment piece MRA55 type, 4 is that interchangeable adjustment piece MRA45 type, 5 is interchangeable adjustment piece MRA35 type.
Experiment table 1 is fixed on the test platform by foot bolt, it highly is 60mm, and one group of interchangeable adjustment piece is installed on the experiment table 1 with four row's sunk screws, and the groove that one side abuts against on the experiment table 1 is processed on the side, guarantee its depth of parallelism, be used for locating interchangeable adjustment piece; The rolling guide group is made up of guide rail 6 and slide block 7, and guide rail 6 is connected with interchangeable adjustment piece by sunk screw, and slide block 7 cooperates the formation guideway with guide rail 6.Interchangeable adjustment piece is in order to adapt to the use of different guideways, the installation threaded hole unanimity on its corresponding testing table, but the size of the location and installation threaded hole of its corresponding respective track is different with the position.The structure of experiment table 1 is shown in Figure 10,11,12, and as shown in Figure 2,2 is interchangeable adjustment piece MRB65 type; 3 is interchangeable adjustment piece MRA55 as shown in Figure 4; As shown in Figure 6,4 is interchangeable adjustment piece MRA45 type; As shown in Figure 8,5 is the interchangeable adjustment piece of MRA35 type.
Web joint comprises MRB65 type web joint 8, MRA55 type fishplate bar 9, MRA45 type web joint 10, MRA35 type web joint 11 according to the rolling guide group of respective model, and it is corresponding with rolling guide group MRB65 type, MRA55 type, MRA45 type, MRA35 type respectively.The slide block 7 of rolling guide group correspondence links to each other with web joint by bolt, the U type design of web joint, the center of gravity that its both wings are regulated experimental provision on the one hand overlaps with faying face, can carry out tangential exciting experiment on the other hand, but must guarantee under the prerequisite of its web joint rigidity.MRB65 type web joint 8 as shown in Figure 3, MRA55 web joint 9 as shown in Figure 5, MRA45 type web joint 10 as shown in Figure 7, MRA35 type web joint 11 is as shown in Figure 9.
The rail clamp device is made up of bolt 12, nut 13, rubber blanket 14, bolt 12 and rubber blanket 14 bondings, the rail clamp device is by bolt 12, nut 13, the rubber blanket 14 concrete action center of the common adjustable clamp in position at the O of experiment table 1 type groove, make its plane of gravity that acts on guide rail, O type groove is applicable to the faying face junction of different guideways.
Pressue device adopts the symmetrical structure form, makes the central lines of the guideway of its action center line and symmetrical distribution, and the position that reserves vibrator A4 is avoided interfering.The normal direction pressue device is made up of studs 15, pressurizing nut 16, rubber ring 17, studs 15 is connected on the experiment table 1 by web joint, rubber ring 17 passes studs 15 and contacts with web joint, and pressurizing nut 16 stresses on the guide rail faying face by studs 15;
Tangential pressue device is made up of pressurization bolt 18, rubber ring 19, pressurization bolt by web joint be threaded and rubber ring 19 acts on set of rails faying face place;
There are vibrator A4, reluctance head A5, web joint and set of rails in the driving topworks of rolling guide faying face dynamic characteristic parameter recognition system, vibrator (A4) is connected with reluctance head (A5) by exciting rod, reluctance head then paste or inhale the normal direction center line that is attached to web joint the surface or with the web joint side centerline of guide rail faying face level, vibrator A4 is connected with reluctance head A5 by exciting rod, the exciting force that is produced by vibrator (A4) acts on the web joint, and the guideway faying face will produce corresponding micro-displacement.
The control system of rolling guide faying face dynamic characteristic parameter recognition system as shown in figure 13, comprise detection module A, signalling channel module B, dynamic signal analysis processing module C, detection module A comprises the force transducer A1 of reluctance head A5, acceleration transducer A2, adopt an acceleration transducer A3 that shakes, adopting an acceleration transducer A3 that shakes is that the center is evenly arranged on web joint and guide rail with the geometric center of web joint, the frequency response function of test and excitation response, signalling channel module B comprises charge amplifier B1, power amplifier B2, dynamic signal analysis processing module C comprises data collecting card C1, computing machine C2.The dynamic signal analysis processing module produces the processing and amplifying of sine sweep signal through power amplifier A2, affact vibrator and produce sinusoidal excitation signal, the signal of relevant detection modules A exciter response is delivered to the dynamic signal analysis processing module by the processing of charge amplifier B 1 and is carried out aftertreatment.
See also shown in Figure 14ly, the method for work and the principle of work of this rolling guide dynamic perfromance identification experimental provision are as follows:
1) with two tightropes the vibrator head is hung up, with experiment table, interchangeable adjustment piece, rolling guide-rail pairs, reached web joint and put up, arrange reluctance head and acceleration transducer, control is adjusted vibrator and is made exciting rod centering reluctance head A5;
2) control Dynamic Signal spectrum analysis module produces the pure random excitation signal in the big frequency range, after power amplifier B2 conditioning, affact on the vibrator A4, force transducer A1 records normal direction or tangential exciting force f, it is X that acceleration transducer on the web joint records displacement signal, and the displacement signal that the guide rail upper sensor records is X
s, these signals will be delivered to the Dynamic Signal spectrum analysis module through charge amplifier B1 conditioning and handle, principle as shown in figure 14, the joint portion equivalence is the kinetic model of spring and damper, the equation of motion of this system is:
⑧
In the formula: m is the master of the system quality of shaking, K
e, C
eEquivalent stiffness and ratio of damping for faying face.Equivalence for the frequency response function of single-mode system is:
H
e(w)=1/(-M
ew
2+jwC
e+K
e) ⑨
3) Dynamic Signal spectrum analysis module processing procedure is as follows:
I) response signal that is recorded by force transducer, acceleration transducer is nursed one's health the frequency response function that laggard line frequency analysis of spectrum meets with a response through charge amplifier
, H
x(w), be respectively the relative vibration frequency response function of guideway, the frequency response function at guideway center of gravity place;
II) this device equivalent-simplification is one and has effective mass M
e, equivalent damping C
e, equivalent stiffness K
eThe single-mode system frequency response function, the rigidity of other parts faying face is far longer than the rigidity of this geometric surface, ignores.9. formula is the dynamic perfromance frequency response function of the equivalent single-mode system of this experimental provision rolling guide-rail pairs;
III), estimate to obtain meticulousr frequency bandwidth by spectrum analysis figure according to the peak resonance method by formula equivalent single-mode system spectrum curve 1.;
IV) at this small frequency section control Dynamic Signal spectrum analysis module this experimental provision is carried out quick sinusoidal excitation, carry out essence and sweep, draw the spectrum analysis figure of its equivalent single-mode system.4. obtain the equivalent stiffness K of this system's faying face by formula according to the peak resonance method
e, 5. obtain the equivalent damping coefficient C of this system's faying face again according to formula by the half-power bandwidth method of identification
e, i.e. the rigidity of two guideways and ratio of damping.The stiffness K of single rolling guide-rail pairs
eWith ratio of damping C formula 6., 7. draw;
V) correct according to the guide rail parameter confirmatory experiment result who is given, and regulate pressue device pressure, repeat above step, observe the influence of pressure to the faying face parameter.
The above only is an an example of the present invention, only design its experimental provision at MRB65 type, MRA55 type, MRA45 type, four kinds of Shi Naiboge rolling guides of MRA35 type group, we also can carry out some conversion to experimental provision, with the dynamic perfromance identification of the rolling guide that is applied to other model, other type.As long as the Design of Mechanical Structure thought of its dynamic perfromance recognition device and whole control thought all should be considered as the included scope of the present invention with the unanimity that the present invention narrated.