CN108506522A - 泄漏流量减小的压力调节伺服阀 - Google Patents

泄漏流量减小的压力调节伺服阀 Download PDF

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CN108506522A
CN108506522A CN201810157087.1A CN201810157087A CN108506522A CN 108506522 A CN108506522 A CN 108506522A CN 201810157087 A CN201810157087 A CN 201810157087A CN 108506522 A CN108506522 A CN 108506522A
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port
main body
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nozzle
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CN108506522B (zh
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马乔勒特 A·布莱恩科
D·德隆
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/021—Valves for interconnecting the fluid chambers of an actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
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    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/42—Arrangement or adaptation of brakes
    • B64C25/44—Actuating mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/044—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by electrically-controlled means, e.g. solenoids, torque-motors
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    • F15B5/00—Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or vice versa; Varying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B5/00—Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or vice versa; Varying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities
    • F15B5/003—Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or vice versa; Varying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities characterised by variation of the pressure in a nozzle or the like, e.g. nozzle-flapper system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/36—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor
    • F16K31/363—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor the fluid acting on a piston
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/14—Control of fluid pressure with auxiliary non-electric power
    • G05D16/16—Control of fluid pressure with auxiliary non-electric power derived from the controlled fluid
    • G05D16/166—Control of fluid pressure with auxiliary non-electric power derived from the controlled fluid using pistons within the main valve
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
    • G05D16/2024—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means the throttling means being a multiple-way valve
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2093—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with combination of electric and non-electric auxiliary power
    • G05D16/2097—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with combination of electric and non-electric auxiliary power using pistons within the main valve
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    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B13/0402—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for linearly sliding valves, e.g. spool valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/042—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure
    • F15B13/043—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure with electrically-controlled pilot valves
    • F15B13/0438—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure with electrically-controlled pilot valves the pilot valves being of the nozzle-flapper type
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种压力调节伺服阀，包括具有利用端口(U)、供给端口(P)和返回端口(R)的主体(1)，作为滑动件配装在主体内的阀芯(2)，阀芯与主体协配以限定连接到利用端口的先导室(8)。根据本发明，阀芯和主体一起进一步限定经由第二收缩部(17)连接到进给端口并经由第三收缩部(19)连接到喷嘴的起动室(16)，并且其中存在在第一方向上作用在阀芯上的起动压力(Pa)。

Description

泄漏流量减小的压力调节伺服阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种泄漏流量减小的压力调节伺服阀。
背景技术
这种类型的伺服阀例如用于控制交通工具的液压制动器，特别是飞机制动器。
已知压力调节伺服阀包括具有利用端口、供给端口和返回端口的主体，以及可移动地安装在主体中的阀芯，以便将利用端口与供给端口或者与返回端口连通。阀芯的端部与主体协配以限定连接到喷嘴的至少一个先导室，所述喷嘴布置成通向连接到返回端口的腔体。在空腔中延伸并面对喷嘴的挡板被安装成以受控的方式移动。先导室经由收缩部连接到供给端口。在适用的情况下，伺服阀可以具有在阀芯上施加相反力的两个先导室，每个先导室都连接到相互面对安装的相应喷嘴，并且使挡板在它们之间延伸。
面对喷嘴的挡板的受控运动用于调节存在于先导室中的压力，并因此移动阀芯以调节利用压力。
这种类型的伺服阀的缺点是它具有相当大的泄漏流量。具体而言，液压流体永久地流过喷嘴并且朝向返回端口改向。这种泄漏需要相应地确定液压油箱的尺寸，以便即使在液压产生失败的情况下也能够确保交通工具的制动。
在文献FR 2 873 828中提出了该问题的解决方案，其包括将先导室连接到利用端口。利用端口通常压力低于进给端口。将先导室连接到利用端口使得能够降低先导室中平均存在的压力，由此导致经由喷嘴的泄漏流量的相应减小。
然而，存在这种位置会导致伺服阀响应困难的操作环境。具体地说，当制动器未使用时，利用压力基本上等于返回压力，并且例如在低温下或者如果阀芯的运动受到液压流体中杂质的阻碍，基本上由作用在阀芯上的弹簧产生的导向力可能不足以在制动器再次应用时移动阀芯。然后观察到启动困难，并且有时可能伴随着利用压力的波动。在这种情况下，使用压力反馈回路来控制阀芯并不有助于伺服阀。
发明内容
本发明试图提出一种具有低泄漏流率的压力调节伺服阀，但仍然具有足够的响应动态范围。
为了实现该目的，本发明提供一种压力调节伺服阀，包括主体和阀芯，主体具有利用端口、进给端口和返回端口，阀芯作为滑动件配装在主体内以便根据由阀芯的位置确定的相应的流动截面将利用端口与进给端口和返回端口连通，阀芯与主体协配以限定经由第一限制部与利用端口连接且连接到喷嘴的先导室，喷嘴通向连接到返回端口的空腔，挡板安装成以受控的方式在面向喷嘴的空腔中移动以调节通过喷嘴的泄漏流量，并且因此调节作用于阀芯上的先导室中的先导压力，以使阀芯沿第一方向移动，根据本发明，阀芯和主体一起进一步限定经由第二收缩部连接到进给端口并经由第三收缩部连接到喷嘴的辅助先导起动室，并且其中存在在第一方向上作用在阀芯上的起动压力。
这种设置使得能够在辅助先导室中具有足够的起动压力，以确保即使在利用压力低时或者在反作用力阻塞或制动阀芯的情况下阀芯也能够有效地起动，并且这是以泄漏流量的小幅增加为代价。
附图说明
借助于下面参照唯一附图给出的说明，可以更好地理解本发明，该图为本发明伺服阀的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，本发明的压力调节器伺服阀包括：主体或缸1，其具有用于连接到压力下的液压流体源的进给端口P；返回端口R，用于连接到用于使流体返回到箱体(未示出)的回路；以及利用端口U，用于连接到一件设备，例如飞机制动器的液压腔(未示出)。
阀芯2可滑动地安装在主体1中的校准孔口内。阀芯2具有与校准孔口的中心部分4以微小间隙协配并且首先在利用端口U与返回端口R之间、其次在利用端口U与进给端口P之间延伸的台面(land)3。
由于在台面3和校准孔口的中心部分4之间存在滑动间隙，保留了在利用端口U与返回端口R和进给端口P两者之间提供连通的通道。在所示的位置中，保持在每个台面3与校准孔口的中心部分4之间的通道相等，使得利用压力Pu等于返回压力Pr和供给压力Pp的平均值。
当阀芯移动时，其中一个通道增加，而另一个通道减少，使得利用压力取平均值，该平均值由返回压力和进给压力的流动截面加权。因此，阀芯的运动用来将利用压力Pu调节到介于返回压力Pr与供给压力Pp之间的值。
阀芯2与主体1协配以限定先导室8，尤其是环形室，该先导室8经由第一收缩部9连接到利用端口U，并且先导室8中存在控制压力Pc，该控制压力Pc抵靠环形部段15。
先导室8还连接到喷嘴10，该喷嘴10通向连接到返回端口R并且其中存在返回压力Pr的主体1中的空腔11。在空腔11中并且面向喷嘴10存在可动挡板20，该可动挡板20由电动力矩电动机13(由电流I供电)致动以远离或朝向喷嘴10移动。面对喷嘴10的挡板20的运动用于随意调节存在于喷嘴10中(并且因此在先导室8中)在返回压力和利用压力之间的控制压力Pc。
此外，在本发明的基本方面，阀芯具有与主体1协配的第一端7，以限定辅助先导室16，辅助先导室16经由第三收缩部17连接至供给端口P，并且辅助先导室16中存在施加到端部7的起动压力Pa。
辅助先导室16也经由第三收缩部19连接到喷嘴10，使得起动压力Pa随着挡板20的运动而变化，但程度小于控制压力Pc。
先导室8中的控制压力Pc和辅助先导室16中的起动压力Pa的作用倾向于使阀芯沿第一运动方向(图中的右侧)移动，以增加利用压力。
阀芯2具有第二端5，该第二端5与主体1协配以限定反馈室6，反馈室6连接至利用端口U并且反馈室6中存在抵靠第二端5施加的利用压力Pu。
阀芯2与主体1协配以限定环形补偿室18，该环形补偿室18连接到返回端口R并且环形补偿室18中存在抵靠环形部段14施加的返回压力Pr。
利用压力Pu在反馈室6中的作用和返回压力Pr在补偿室18中的作用倾向于使阀芯沿与第一方向相反的第二方向(图的左侧)移动，以便减小利用压力。
最后，在伺服阀中布置弹簧12以作用在第二端5上并沿第二方向推动阀芯2。
只要利用压力Pu几乎总是小于供给压力Pp，将喷嘴10连接到利用端口U而不是供给端口P就限制了通过喷嘴的泄漏流量。特别是，当连接到利用端口U的致动器未运行时(这是飞机制动器的通常情况)，该压力稍微大于返回压力Pr，使得到喷嘴很少或没有流动。然后泄漏几乎为零。
在这种情况下，通过辅助先导室16中的起动压力Pa的作用使开始移动阀芯2变得更容易，该起动压力足够大以使阀芯从其位置移动，同时必须小于利用压力Pu的压力Pc仍然很低。
发明并不局限于以上的描述，而是覆盖落入权利要求书所限定范围内的任何变型。
特别是，虽然所示伺服阀只有一个先导室，但本发明的伺服阀可以具有两个先导室，每个先导室与相应的喷嘴连接，只要至少一个先导室与利用端口连接即可。另外，尽管先导室8是环形的，而起动室16是实体的(solid)，但这两个室当然可以互换。同样，虽然反馈室6是实体的而补偿室18是环形的，但这两个室可以互换。

Claims (4)

1.一种压力调节伺服阀，包括主体(1)和阀芯(2)，所述主体(1)具有利用端口(U)、进给端口(P)和返回端口(R)，所述阀芯(2)作为滑动件配装在主体内以便根据由所述阀芯的位置确定的相应的流动截面将所述利用端口与所述进给端口和所述返回端口连通，所述阀芯与所述主体协配以限定经由第一限制部(9)与所述利用端口连接且连接到喷嘴(20)的先导室(8)，所述喷嘴(20)通向连接到返回端口的空腔(11)，挡板(20)安装成以受控的方式在面向喷嘴的所述空腔中移动以调节通过所述喷嘴的泄漏流量，并且因此调节作用于所述阀芯上的所述先导室中的先导压力(Pc)，以使所述阀芯沿第一方向移动，所述伺服阀的特征在于，所述阀芯和所述主体一起进一步限定经由第二收缩部(17)连接到所述进给端口并经由第三收缩部(19)连接到所述喷嘴的起动室(16)，并且其中存在在第一方向上作用在所述阀芯上的起动压力(Pa)。
2.如权利要求1所述的伺服阀，其特征在于，所述阀芯(2)与所述主体(1)协配以限定连接到所述利用端口(U)并作用于所述阀芯的反馈室(6)以将所述阀芯沿与第一方向相反的第二方向移动。
3.如权利要求1所述的伺服阀，其特征在于，所述阀芯(2)与所述主体(1)协配以限定连接到所述返回端口(R)并作用于所述阀芯的补偿室(18)以将所述阀芯沿与第一方向相反的第二方向移动。
4.如权利要求1所述的伺服阀，其特征在于，包括作用在所述阀芯(2)上的弹簧，以便使所述阀芯沿与所述第一方向相反的第二方向移动。
CN201810157087.1A 2017-02-24 2018-02-24 泄漏流量减小的压力调节伺服阀 Active CN108506522B (zh)

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US20180245607A1 (en) 2018-08-30
US10344780B2 (en) 2019-07-09
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FR3063279A1 (fr) 2018-08-31
EP3372844B1 (fr) 2019-12-11

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