CN108504557A - A kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device and method - Google Patents
A kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device and methods, belong to biogas engineering field, are inhibited with solving the problems, such as that fermentation efficiency is vulnerable to tunning.Including batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus, leachate collection tank, spray head, the bottom of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus is equipped with the diafiltration net communicated with leachate collection tank, leachate collection pot bottom side is equipped with percolate reflux line, and the other end of percolate reflux line is connected with spray head；It further includes early warning system, early warning system includes material reaction area integrated sensor, material reaction area integration probe, leachate collection tank integrated sensor, leachate collection tank integration probe, material reaction area integrated sensor is connect with material reaction area integration probe, and leachate collection tank integrated sensor is connect with leachate collection tank integration probe.Apparatus of the present invention design is simple, reasonable for structure, while cost-effective, improves early warning quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biogas engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device and method.
Background technology
Anaerobic fermentation production biogas is the important means of agriculture offal treatment in China's green agriculture evolution.With
The deep propulsion of China's biogas engineering transition and upgrade work, scale large-sized biogas engineering and scale bio-natural gas engineering
As the mainstream of biogas engineering construction.Currently, China's biogas engineering generally use wet method anaerobic fermentation technology, technique more at
Ripe, operational process volume yield rate is maintained at 0.8-1.0 m3/m3/d.However, with the continuous expansion of the fermentation reactor scale of construction,
Operation energy consumption, biogas slurry consumption, charging discharging etc. become the new problem of biogas engineering large-scale development, seriously affect the continuous of engineering
Stable operation becomes the pass of biogas engineering upgrading synergy development for the anaerobic fermentation technology research of suitable scale biogas production
Key.
Dry anaerobic fermentation technology is just actively promoted to industrialization direction, compared with wet method anaerobic fermentation, is had to improve and be given up
Gurry treating capacity reduces energy consumption, improves the advantages that volume yield rate.Moreover, biogas slurry discharge capacity is low, biogas residue can be directly used for organic
The production of fertilizer greatly improves the benign cycle ability that agriculture breeding combines.Foreign countries develop dry method anaerobism from the 1980s
Fermentation technique arrives in the 1990s, Europe large size dry anaerobic fermentation biogas engineering occupation rate existing 50%, famous France
The continuous dry fermentations techniques such as Valorga, Belgium Dranco, Sweden Kompogas, and Germany BEKON, Bioferm, GICON
The batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation technique of company has formed industrialization.Foreign technology lacks the adjusting to leachate collection tank, easily goes out
Existing acid inhibits and ammonia inhibits.
With the constantly improve of engineering construction technology, batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation technology is useless in the rich fibrous agricultural of processing
There is unique superiority in terms of gurry, by the disposable input and output material of the mechanical equipments such as forklift, realized in Sealing period efficient
Aerogenesis, easy to operate, high degree of automation, operating cost are low.Although however, China's dry anaerobic fermentation technical research starting compared with
It is early, but develop slowly, in particular with batch-type anaerobic fermentation processing agricultural wastes aspect, it yet there are no landing engineering report
Road, it is rancid that main problem is that batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation process easily occurs, and causes methane phase efficiency to decline rapidly, entire batch is anti-
It should fail, the material more renewed can spend a large amount of manpower and materials, and still suffer from this problem after restarting fermentation.And
And except through Optimizing Process Parameters, outside spray frequency, material proportion, inoculum concentration, shortage takes elder generation to whole system
Into Forewarning Measures.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating devices, are vulnerable to solving fermentation efficiency
The problem of tunning inhibits.
It is a further object to provide a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning adjusting methods, to solve existing method
The existing startup time is long, aerogenesis peak period is short, early warning sensitivity lag, and lacks and adjusted to percolate, reduces
The problem of mortifier concentration effective ways.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows：A kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device, including batch-type anaerobic dry hair
Ferment device, leachate collection tank, spray head are equipped with leachate collection tank in the lower section of the batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus,
The bottom of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus is equipped with the diafiltration net communicated with leachate collection tank, leachate collection pot bottom side
Equipped with percolate reflux line, the other end of percolate reflux line is connected with spray head；It further includes early warning system, early warning system
System includes material reaction area integrated sensor, and material reaction area integration probe, leachate collection tank integrated sensor, percolate are received
Collect tank integration probe, material reaction area integrated sensor is connect with material reaction area integration probe, and leachate collection tank is integrated to be passed
Sensor is connect with leachate collection tank integration probe, and material reaction area integration probe and leachate collection tank integration probe include
Material reaction area ORP probes, pH probes and temp probe；Material reaction area integrated sensor is located at batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation dress
The side set, material reaction area integration probe are located at the inner cavity of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus, material reaction area integration probe
At ground to material center, leachate collection tank integrated sensor is located at leachate collection pot bottom side.
As a further improvement on the present invention, it further includes regulating system, and regulating system includes that acid solution adjusts tank, lye tune
Tank is saved, acid solution adjusts tank, the bottom of lye adjusting tank is connected with leachate collection tank respectively, and acid solution adjusts tank, lye adjusts tank
Bottom be respectively equipped with automatic control regulating switch.
As a further improvement on the present invention, at least one spray head, spray are equipped in batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus
Head is arranged from center to batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus inner wall, and the spacing distance of adjacent spray head is 0.5-1 m.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the spacing distance of adjacent spray head is 0.8 m.
As a further improvement on the present invention, a diameter of 0.5-1 cm of spray orifice.
As a further improvement on the present invention, often row's probe is spaced 1-3 meters.
As a further improvement on the present invention, agitating device is equipped at batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus lower central.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus is wrapped with the guarantor of 5-15 cm thickness
Warm layer.
A kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning adjusting method, includes the following steps：
A, filler：Material is transported to material reaction area in batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus, closes grid and disengaging bin gate, closed
Batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus starts to ferment；
B, according to the variation of material reaction area ORP, spray frequency is adjusted；
C, according to the ORP and pH value of leachate collection tank, pH value is adjusted, percolate ORP in leachate collection tank is made to be less than -280
MV, pH 6.8-7.2.
As a further improvement on the present invention, when ORP be higher than -220 to -260 mV, reduce spray frequency, be 1-4 times/
It；Spray continues 1-5 min to the constant 1/2-1/5 for volume of material of spray flux every time；When ORP is less than -240 mV, height-regulating spray
Frequency, when ORP is in -280 to -320 mV or less, spray frequency is 6-12 times/day.
The present invention exists in real time to batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation process to batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation Establishing pre-alarming system
Line monitors；It while early warning, adjusts the pH of percolate and carries out reflux spray, neutralize the organic acid in material reaction zone, and
When remove mortifier, make material reaction area maintain normal methane fermentation horizontal, solve the problems, such as that fermentation process lacks adjusting.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention is as follows：
（1）The prior art prescribed ferment technological parameter lacks the effective monitoring to fermentation process, if fermentation process presses down
System, can be such that methane production declines, and shorten the efficient aerogenesis time, or even occur rancid.
The present invention adopts fermentation process on the basis of existing fermentation parameter fermentation process real-time early warning and adjusting
With in time, fast and accurately adjusting, helps to extend the efficient methane phase time, increase the removal efficiency of substrate organic matter.
（2）The warning index and methane phase efficiency of selection are significantly correlated, and are not interfered by buffer system, and directly characterization is detested
Aerobe fermentation quality；Regulating system is simple and practicable using acid-base neutralization, and regulating effect is apparent, need not open batch-type anaerobic dry hair
Ferment device（1）, whole to complete under anaerobic.Entire early warning and regulating system design fully take into account batch-type anaerobic dry hair
Ferment feature, it is simple and practicable, it is less prone to failure, for large-scale batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation biogas engineering, construction cost is low,
Early warning regulating effect is notable.Reply fermentation process establishes warning index, is monitored in real time to the warning index of foundation, finds to ask ahead of time
Topic changes process strategies, adjusts method using rationally effective to fermentation process, ensures that gas generation process is stablized, efficiency improves.
The effect of the present invention is as follows：
（1) the substrate solid content of the application is in 25%-40%, and uses stalk-feces of livestock and poultry mixed farming waste,
It can more reflect the representativeness of agricultural wastes；（2）Batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation relies primarily on ORP and carries out early warning, and ORP occurs different
Often, exception is not often seen also from methane concentration, gas concentration lwevel, basicity or even butyric acid density.In addition, ORP measurement does not have to
Sampling, probe on-line monitoring.
(2）The present invention is not only used as main warning index with ORP, also relates to the adjusting after early warning, reduces follow-up people
The input of power material resources adjusts and mainly sees pH, and for pH as auxiliary reference, addition acid-base accommodation pH is neutrality, and regulative mode is to adjust
Percolate pH adjusts the pH in material reaction zone, is adjusted by way of flowing back and spraying indirectly upon reflowing.Make its recovery
Normally and efficiently aerogenesis.Main function is played when adjusting percolate.Whole system is set to realize comprehensive on-line early warning and tune
Section, is more conducive to the stable operation of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation.
（3）Apparatus of the present invention design is simple, reasonable for structure, while cost-effective, improve early warning quality, passes through adjusting
Percolate sprays mode, increases the efficient methane phase time.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device.
Reference numeral meaning is as follows：1- batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus：101- material reactions area, 102- spray heads,
103- is percolated net, the outlet of 104- aerogenesis, 105- insulating layers, 2- leachate collection tanks, 201- leachate collections area, 202- stirring dresses
It sets, 203- percolate reflux lines, 204- automatic control electric machines, the first regulating switches of 205-, the second regulating switches of 206-, 207- thirds
Regulating switch；3- control rooms, 301- material reactions area integrated sensor, 302- material reactions area integration probe, 303- percolates
Collecting tank integrated sensor, 304- leachate collection tank integration probes, 305- acid solutions adjust tank, and 306- lye adjusts tank, 307-
Automatic control regulating switch；Processor is controlled in 308-.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown, a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device, including batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1, ooze
Filtrate collecting tank 2, spray head 102 are equipped with leachate collection tank 2 in the lower section of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1, and batch-type is detested
The bottom of oxygen dry fermentation device 1 is equipped with the diafiltration net 103 communicated with leachate collection tank 2, and 2 bottom side of leachate collection tank is set
There are percolate reflux line 203, the other end of percolate reflux line 203 to be connected with spray head 102；It further includes early warning system
System, early warning system include material reaction area integrated sensor 301, and material reaction area integration probe 302, leachate collection tank are integrated
Sensor 303, leachate collection tank integration probe 304, material reaction area integrated sensor 301 and material reaction area integration probe
(302) it connects, leachate collection tank integrated sensor 303 is connect with leachate collection tank integration probe 304；Material reaction area collects
Include material reaction area ORP probes, pH probes and temp probe at probe 302 and leachate collection tank integration probe 304；Object
Expect that reaction zone integrated sensor 301 is located at the side of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1, material reaction area integration probe 302
In the inner cavity of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1, material reaction area integration probe 302 oozes at ground to material center
Filtrate collecting tank integrated sensor 303 is located at 2 bottom side of leachate collection tank.
It further includes regulating system, and regulating system includes that acid solution adjusts tank 305, lye adjusts tank 306, and acid solution adjusts tank
305, the bottom of lye adjusting tank 306 is connected with leachate collection tank 2 respectively, and acid solution adjusts tank 305, lye adjusts tank 306
Bottom is respectively equipped with automatic control regulating switch 307.
Batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1 is concrete structure, and feeding gate is located at side, inside sets grid, is used for protection
Material 101 material of reaction zone is not scattered outward.
Spray head 102 is stainless steel structure, by one lateral batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus internal stretch of feeding gate, spray
Uniformly it is covered with diameter 0.5-1cm circular holes on head, for spraying percolate.At least one is equipped in batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1
A spray head 102, spray head are arranged from center to batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus inner wall（In figure laterally）, spacing distance is
0.5-1 m, preferably 0.8m.
Percolate is filtered by diafiltration net 103 into percolate collecting tank 2, and aerogenesis outlet 104 is located at material reaction area top, generates
Biogas be discharged and collect from this mouth, the insulating layer 105 of entire batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus package 5-15 cm thickness, preferably
10 cm are thick.
Leachate collection tank 2 is built in underground, and for leachate collection in leachate collection area 201, agitating device is built in sequence batch
At formula anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus lower central, stirrer paddle 3, time opening stirs evenly percolate.
Percolate reflux line 203 is built in leachate collection pot bottom side, and percolate is pumped extremely with automatic control electric machine pump 204
Spray head, percolate pass through the first regulating switch 205 of spray head of different location, the second regulating switch 206, and third adjusting is opened
207 control flows are closed, it can subregion spray.
Material reaction area integrated sensor 301 is located at the side of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1, and material reaction area is integrated
Probe 302 is located at the inner cavity of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1, and material reaction area integration probe 302 is perpendicular to ground to material
At center, leachate collection tank integrated sensor 303 is located at 2 bottom side of leachate collection tank；
Quantity of popping one's head in is identical with spray head quantity, and every group of probe all and sprays in material reaction area ORP, pH, three kinds of temperature probe
Head quantity is identical, and longitudinal direction extends internally distribution, and often row's probe is spaced 1-3 meters, and preferably 2 meters, transverse and longitudinal has, and sprays object in this way
Expect relatively uniform, detects oxidation-reduction potential in real time for material reaction area different zones（ORP）, pH and temperature.Leachate collection
Tank integrated sensor 303 monitors ORP, pH and temperature inside leachate collection tank.Sensor is responsible for receiving transducer data, by wireless
Transmission of network is switched to middle control processor 308 and is automatically adjusted, and middle control processor 308 is located in control room 3.
It is anti-corrosion material that acid solution, which adjusts tank 305, and inside is equipped with 0.5 mol/L HCl, and it is preserving timber that lye, which adjusts tank 306,
Matter, inside are equipped with 0.5 mol NaCl, and automatic control regulating switch 307 is located at two and adjusts tank lower part, and control acid solution, lye prolong anti-corrosion
Pipeline flows into leachate collection tank.
Embodiment 1
Material is stalk-feces of livestock and poultry mixture, mixture dry matter（TS）Ratio is 6:4, a concentration of quality of material of inoculum
40%.Material is transported to material reaction area by forklift, closes grid and disengaging bin gate, and closed batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1 is opened
Originate ferment.
Spray frequency is adjusted according to the variation of material reaction area ORP, when ORP is higher than -240 mV, reduction spray frequency is 2
Times/day, if ORP loses decline, it can continue to turn down spray frequency, constant spray flux is the 1/4 of volume of material, and spray continues every time
3min.When ORP is less than -240 mV, height-regulating spray frequency, when ORP is below -300mV, spray frequency is 8 times/day.Data
Monitoring result shows that pH is basically stable at 7.0, and it is about 0.8 m that average volume, which produces biogas rate,3/m3/d。
In fermentation process, judges that acid solution, lye are adjusted according to the ORP of leachate collection tank and pH value, make leachate collection
Percolate ORP value is less than -280 mV in tank, and pH is not less than 7.0.Probe monitors ORP, pH of material reaction area different zones, when
When ORP occurs abnormal, different location spray head switch is opened, spray frequency is increased or decreased, to being strengthened or being dropped in region
Low spray in 1 operational process of batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus, ferments preceding 5 days, need to open lye and adjust tank adjusting pH into
Property；Fermentation time is more than that need to open acid solution and adjust tank to adjust pH to neutrality after 25 days, can extend aerogenesis peak period, and
Realize that the whole early warning to fermentation system is adjusted.
Embodiment 2
Material is stalk-feces of livestock and poultry mixture, mixture dry matter（TS）Ratio is 3:7, inoculum a concentration of 30%, material by
Forklift or conveyer belt are transported to material reaction area, close grid and disengaging bin gate, and closed batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1 starts
Fermentation.
Spray frequency is adjusted according to the variation of ORP, when ORP is higher than -220mV, reduction spray frequency, is 1 times/day, if ORP
Lose decline, can continue to turn down spray frequency, constant spray flux is the 1/2 of volume of material, and spray continues 1 min every time, works as ORP
Less than -240 mV, spray frequency is turned up, when ORP is below -280mV, spray frequency is 6 times/day.
In fermentation process, judges that acid solution, lye are adjusted according to ORP and pH value, keep percolate ORP in leachate collection tank low
In -280 mV, pH 6.8.Probe monitors ORP, pH of material reaction area different zones are opened different when ORP occurs abnormal
Position spray head switch, increases or decreases spray frequency, to being strengthened or being reduced spray in region, realizes to fermentation system
Whole early warning is adjusted.
Embodiment 3
Material is stalk-feces of livestock and poultry mixture, mixture dry matter（TS）Ratio is 7:3, inoculum a concentration of 60%, material by
Forklift or conveyer belt are transported to material reaction area, close grid and disengaging bin gate, and closed batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus 1 starts
Fermentation.
Spray frequency is adjusted according to the variation of ORP, when ORP is higher than -260mV, reduction spray frequency, is 4 times/day, if ORP
Lose decline, can continue to turn down spray frequency, constant spray flux is the 1/5 of volume of material, and spray continues 5 min every time, works as ORP
Less than -240 mV, spray frequency is turned up, when ORP is in -320 mV or less, spray frequency is 12 times/day.
In fermentation process, judges that acid solution, lye are adjusted according to ORP and pH value, keep percolate ORP in leachate collection tank low
In -280 mV, pH 7.2.Probe monitors ORP, pH of material reaction area different zones are opened different when ORP occurs abnormal
Position spray head switch, increases or decreases spray frequency, to being strengthened or being reduced spray in region, realizes to fermentation system
Whole early warning is adjusted.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device, including batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus, leachate collection tank, spray
Head is drenched, leachate collection tank is equipped in the lower section of the batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus, batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus
Bottom is equipped with the diafiltration net communicated with leachate collection tank, and leachate collection pot bottom side is equipped with percolate reflux line, oozes
The other end of filtrate reflux line is connected with spray head；It is characterized in that：It further includes early warning system, and early warning system includes material
Reaction zone integrated sensor（301）, material reaction area integration probe (302), leachate collection tank integrated sensor（303）, ooze
Filtrate collecting tank integration probe（304）, material reaction area integrated sensor（301）Even with material reaction area integration probe (302)
It connects；Leachate collection tank integrated sensor（303）With leachate collection tank integration probe（304）Connection, material reaction area are integrated
Probe (302) and leachate collection tank integration probe（304）Include material reaction area ORP probes, pH probes and temp probe；
Material reaction area integrated sensor（301）Positioned at batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus（1）Side, material reaction area integration probe
（302）Positioned at batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus（1）Inner cavity, material reaction area integration probe（302）Perpendicular to ground to object
At material center, leachate collection tank integrated sensor（303）Positioned at leachate collection tank（2）Bottom side.
2. a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It further includes adjusting
Section system, regulating system include that acid solution adjusts tank（305）, lye adjust tank（306）, acid solution adjusting tank（305）, lye adjust tank
（306）Bottom respectively with leachate collection tank（2）It is connected, acid solution adjusts tank（305）, lye adjust tank（306）Bottom point
It She You not automatic control regulating switch（307）.
3. a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Batch-type anaerobism
Dry fermentation device（1）In be equipped at least one spray head（102）, spray head（102）It is filled from center to batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation
Set inner wall arrangement, adjacent spray head（102）Spacing distance be 0.5-1 m.
4. a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Adjacent spray head
（102）Spacing distance be 0.8 m.
5. a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that：Spray orifice
A diameter of 0.5-1 cm.
6. a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Often between row's probe
Every 1-3 meters.
7. a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Batch-type anaerobism
Agitating device is equipped at dry fermentation device lower central.
8. a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning regulating device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The batch-type
Anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus is wrapped with the insulating layer (105) of 5-15 cm thickness.
9. a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning adjusting method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
A, filler：Material is transported to batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus（1）Middle material reaction area closes grid and disengaging bin gate,
Closed batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus（1）Start to ferment；
B, according to the variation of material reaction area ORP, spray frequency is adjusted；
C, according to the ORP and pH value of leachate collection tank, pH value is adjusted, percolate ORP in leachate collection tank is made to be less than -280
MV, pH 6.8-7.2.
10. anaerobic dry fermentation on-line early warning adjusting method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：When ORP is higher than -220
To -260 mV, spray frequency is reduced, is 1-4 times/day；Spray continues 1- to the constant 1/2-1/5 for volume of material of spray flux every time
5 min；When ORP be less than -240 mV, be turned up spray frequency, when ORP is in -280 to -320 mV or less, spray frequency 6-12
Times/day.
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