CN108501096A - 管开孔鞍座 - Google Patents

管开孔鞍座 Download PDF

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CN108501096A
CN108501096A CN201810165482.4A CN201810165482A CN108501096A CN 108501096 A CN108501096 A CN 108501096A CN 201810165482 A CN201810165482 A CN 201810165482A CN 108501096 A CN108501096 A CN 108501096A
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pipe
trepanning
central axis
supervisor
saddle
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CN108501096B (zh
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J.维伯
J.胡伊斯
E.哈布鲁伊特泽
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Georg Fischer Wavin AG
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Georg Fischer Wavin AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F16L47/34Tapping pipes, i.e. making connections through walls of pipes while carrying fluids; Fittings therefor
    • F16L47/345Tapping pipes, i.e. making connections through walls of pipes while carrying fluids; Fittings therefor making use of attaching means embracing the pipe
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26FPERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/16Perforating by tool or tools of the drill type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26DCUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L41/00Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
    • F16L41/04Tapping pipe walls, i.e. making connections through the walls of pipes while they are carrying fluids; Fittings therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L41/00Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
    • F16L41/04Tapping pipe walls, i.e. making connections through the walls of pipes while they are carrying fluids; Fittings therefor
    • F16L41/06Tapping pipe walls, i.e. making connections through the walls of pipes while they are carrying fluids; Fittings therefor making use of attaching means embracing the pipe
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F16L47/28Joining pipes to walls or to other pipes, the axis of the joined pipe being perpendicular to the wall or to the axis of the other pipe
    • F16L47/30Joining pipes to walls or to other pipes, the axis of the joined pipe being perpendicular to the wall or to the axis of the other pipe using attaching means embracing the pipe
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/12Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F16L9/127Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement the walls consisting of a single layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02Welded joints; Adhesive joints

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及管开孔鞍座。具体地,本发明涉及一种用于输送介质的主管的管开孔鞍座,主管优选地由塑料制成并且具有中心轴线,其中管开孔鞍座布置在主管上,管开孔鞍座包含鞍形件、分支管,分支管具有中心轴线、钻头插口,优选地带有螺纹的钻头可移动地布置在钻头插口中用于将主管开孔,并且钻头插口具有中心轴线,其中分支管的中心轴线水平延伸并且布置在主管的上拱点下方。

Description

管开孔鞍座
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于输送优选为气体或水的介质的主管的管开孔鞍座,主管优选地由塑料制成并且具有中心轴线,其中管开孔鞍座布置在主管上,管开孔鞍座包含鞍形件、分支管,分支管具有中心轴线、钻头插口,优选地带有螺纹的钻头,钻头可移动地布置在钻头插口中用于将主管开孔,并且钻头插口具有中心轴线。
背景技术
这种管开孔鞍座在现有技术中是已知的并且用于将分支管线连接到主管。这种开孔鞍座通常放置在已经铺设的主管的外圆周的最高点上,由此钻孔从上方垂直执行进入主管。这种开孔T形件在专利DE 199 32 401中公开。这种开孔T形件的缺点是:由于高流动阻力造成的高压力损失,该高流动阻力是由介质的多次偏离产生的,介质经由开孔插口首先偏离90°,然后在分支插口中再次偏离90°。
此外,在其安装高度中有很大的缺点。因为该开孔T形件插入并且因为其在主管上突出,在安装期间存在开孔T形件变得损坏的高风险。此外,由于其插入,开孔T形件的这种形式容易冻结,或者管开孔鞍座中的介质容易冻结。
专利US 3 692 044同样公开了一种开孔鞍座,尽管其能够以降低的安装高度进行安装,但是需要通过开孔插口和分支插口之间的通道的介质的多次偏离。通过至少双重的90°偏离,严重限制了流通量。
专利DE 196 03 254 A1公开了带有V形布置的开孔鞍座的另外的实施例。这里明确引用了相当于冠位置提出的安装角度为90°的情况下的小安装高度。然而,设计与此处提出的设计明显不同。在专利DE 196 03 254 A1中,钻头和分支插口布置在位于穿过管道的公共轴向平面中。此外,开孔插口是成角度的,其会在开孔过程中产生问题。应该提到的另外的点是位于鞍座区域中的轴线的交叉点,而不是如在此所提出的,在管内部的区域中。这具有这样的结果,即与提出的替代实施例相比,流通量减小得更强。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种管开孔鞍座,其中安装高度减小、并且分支管不布置在主管的上方,并且流动阻力减小,其意味着压力损失的减少。
该目的根据本发明被实现,其中分支管的中心轴线水平延伸并且布置在主管的上部拱点以下。
管开孔鞍座优选由塑料制成。其布置在主管上,以便在其中提供钻孔,使能够经由布置在管开孔鞍座上的分支管来连接管道。管开孔鞍座包含鞍形件,鞍形件局部围绕主管。鞍形件优选包含加热线圈,其通过其热量使鞍形件能够通过熔融而连接到主管。管开孔鞍座包含分支管,使能够连接到分支管道。布置在管开孔鞍座上的钻头插口具有布置在其中的钻头,其可沿着钻头插口的中心轴线移动,以便在主管中提供孔。
管开孔鞍座优选地与鞍形件、钻头插口和分支管设计为单一件。分支管的中心轴线或分支管水平延伸,分支管的中心轴线布置在主管的上拱点下方。因此分支管直接与主管外部圆周连接而没有任何偏离。与现有技术已知的管开孔鞍座相比,这具有许多优点。由于分支管或其中心线布置在主管的拱点以下,因此管开孔鞍座具有较小的安装高度,并且不会突出到主管上方,这降低了冬季冻结的风险,并且还降低了在安装工作期间损坏的风险。此外可能避免介质的多重偏离,因为分支管直接与主管连接,结果流动阻力降低,且因此压力损失也降低了。
一种有利的设计已经示出其自身为分支管的上拱线布置在主管的上拱点之下。主管的上拱点理解为管的外径上的最高点,在其上绘制的切线会水平延伸。水平延伸分支管的上拱线在最高点处沿着分支管的外径延伸,并且还通过分支管的拱点。这种布置确保了分支管总是在主管外径的最高点以下延伸。
钻头插口的优选布置在于,钻头插口的中心轴线垂直于主管的中心轴线定向,并且钻头插口的中心轴线与主管的中心轴线以直角相交。由于主管上的钻头插口的垂直布置,能够实现与主管成直角的最佳开孔。
钻头插口优选地定向成使得其相对于开孔插口倾斜,换句话说,钻头插口的中心轴线与水平定向的分支管的中心线成α<90°的角度延伸。
钻头插口和分支插口的中心轴线优选地在平面内延伸,其中该平面与主管的中心轴线成直角定向,并且主管的中心轴线垂直于或通过平面延伸。
如果分支管到的中心轴线延伸通过主管中的钻孔则其为有利的,其借助于布置在管开孔鞍座中的钻头产生。由于钻头插口和与其相应产生的钻孔以及水平布置的分支插口的布置,产生了尽可能低的流动阻力,其转而仅导致小的压力损失。
鞍形件优选地具有钻头开口,其对应于钻头的钻孔直径或略大于钻孔直径。分支管的中心轴线延伸通过钻头开口,其同样确保了最佳的流动轮廓。
从鞍形件中的钻头开口到分支管的内径的过渡设计成圆形,以便对流型具有积极的影响。
钻头插口和分支管的中心轴线优选地在平面内延伸,其中其在主管的内径区域中相交。
如果开孔期间的密封借助于密封件在钻头插口中是确保的则其为有利的,其中密封件布置在钻头插口的内径上,并且密封件优选地设计为O形环或轮廓密封件。这种密封件确保了在开孔过程中没有介质可以溢出,而且在安装了管开孔鞍座后也没有介质会泄漏。
根据本发明的管开孔鞍座的另一个可设想的实施例是钻头中的密封件,该密封件在密封件的区域中或在钻头插口的最低可能区域中布置为塑料隔膜,该密封件封闭钻头插口,必须首先钻穿。钻穿的塑料膜片然后作为钻头上或钻头与钻头插口之间的密封件,使得在开孔期间或之后没有介质可通过钻头插口出来。
附图说明
借助于附图描述本发明的示例性实施例,本发明不仅限于示例性实施例,其中:
图1示出了紧固到主管上的根据本发明的管开孔鞍座的截面图,以及
图2示出了紧固到主管上的根据本发明的管开孔鞍座的平面图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的附图示出了根据本发明的管开孔鞍座1,其紧固或焊接到主管2上。主管2用于输送介质并且优选地由塑料制成。主管2具有中心轴线3。管开孔鞍座1优选借助于加热线圈(未示出)经由鞍形件4紧固或焊接到主管2。管开孔鞍座1包含分支管5和钻头插口7。管开孔鞍座1优选地与鞍形件4、分支管5和钻头插口7设计为单一件。钻头8可沿着钻头插口7的中心轴线9移动,以便在主管中提供相应的孔或钻孔13,钻头8布置在钻头插口7中。分支管5及其中心轴线6水平定向,并且分支管5的中心轴线6布置在主管2的拱点10的下方。分支管5用于连接从主管分支出的管线。拱点10位于主管2的外径的最高点,并且穿过该点的切线将水平延伸。通过分支管5和管开孔鞍座1的这种布置,确保了分支管5直接进入主管2并且没有偏离,如现有技术中已知的那样。这降低了流动阻力,从而也降低压力损失。通过降低由于管开孔鞍座1及其钻头插口7和分支管5的压力损失,可使用较小的钻孔直径和钻头8,由此用于在主管2中钻出钻孔13的开孔力也可减小。
在根据本发明的管开孔鞍座1的有利实施例中,分支管5的上拱线11在最高点处沿着支分支管5的外部圆周延伸并且通过主管2的拱点10,分支管5的上部拱线11布置在主管2的上拱点10下方。通过这种布置,确保了分支管5不会在主管2上方伸出,由此可避免在安装阶段期间的不期望的损坏。钻头插口7的中心轴线9垂直于主管2的中心轴线3延伸,由于钻头8与主管2的外表面以直角接合,因此能够实现主管2的最佳开孔。钻头插口7和钻头插口7的中心轴线9相对于主管2的中心轴线3倾斜α<90°的角度,中心轴线6,9布置在同一平面12上,在图2中可以清楚地看到。平面12与主管2的中心轴线3成直角延伸,并且主管2的中心轴线3垂直地延伸通过平面12。
在图1中可以清楚地看到,水平延伸的分支管5的中心轴线6延伸通过利用钻头8钻出的钻孔13,其可在钻头插口7中移动。钻头开口14,其对应于钻头8的直径或设计成略大一些,设置在鞍形件4和管开孔鞍座1中,当然,分支管5的中心轴线6也通过钻头开口14。如已经提到的,钻头插口7和分支管5的中心轴线6,9位于平面12上并且在主管2的内径区域内相交叉,如在图1中可清楚地看到的。为了确保管开孔鞍座1的密封,密封件15优选地布置在钻头插口7内径上。密封件15确保没有介质在经由钻头插口7的开孔期间或者以及在开孔之后会泄漏。替代地,也可在钻头插口7中提供塑料隔膜(未示出),其然后必须借助于钻头8钻穿并且然后形成用于密封管开孔鞍座1的密封件,并且塑料隔膜是优选地布置在密封件的区域中或者更靠近主管并且封闭钻头插口7直到其被钻穿。
附图标记列表
1 管开孔鞍座
2 主管
3 主管中心轴线
4 鞍形件
5 分支管
6 分支件中心轴线
7 钻头插口
8 钻头
9 钻头插口中心轴线
10 主管上拱点
11 分支管拱线
12 平面
13 钻孔
14 钻头开口
15 密封件
α 钻头插口中心轴线/分支管中心轴线的角度。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于输送介质的主管(2)的管开孔鞍座(1),所述主管优选地由塑料制成且具有中心轴线(3),其中所述管开孔鞍座(1)布置在主管(2)上,所述管开孔鞍座包含鞍形件(4),分支管(5),所述分支管(5)具有中心轴线(6),钻头插口(7),钻头(8),所述钻头优选地带有螺纹(5),所述钻头可移动地布置在所述钻头插口(7)中用于将所述主管(2)开孔并且所述钻头插口(7)具有中心轴线(8),其特征在于,所述分支管(5)的所述中心轴线(6)水平延伸并布置在所述主管(2)的上拱点(10)的下方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的管开孔鞍座(1),其特征在于,所述分支管(5)的上拱线(11)布置在所述主管(2)的上拱点(10)的下方。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的管开孔鞍座(1),其特征在于,所述钻头插口(7)的中心轴线(9)垂直于所述主管(2)的中心轴线(3)定向,并且钻头插口(7)的中心轴线(9)以直角与主管(2)的中心轴线(3)相交。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的管开孔鞍座(1),其特征在于,所述钻头插口(7)的中心轴线(3)与所述分支管(5)的中心轴线(6)成α<90°的角度布置。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的管开孔鞍座(1),其特征在于,所述钻头插口(7)和所述分支管(5)的中心轴线(6,9)布置在平面(12)上,其中所述平面(12)与所述主管的中心轴线(3)成直角布置。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的管开孔鞍座(1),其特征在于,所述分支管(5)的中心轴线(6)延伸通过钻孔(13),所述钻孔是通过所述钻头(8)钻穿所述主管钻出的。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的管开孔鞍座(1),其特征在于,所述鞍形件(4)具有优选对应于所述钻头(8)的钻孔直径的钻头开口(14),其中所述分支管(5)的中心轴线(6)延伸通过所述钻头开口(14)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的管开孔鞍座(1),其特征在于,所述钻头插口(7)和所述分支管(5)的中心轴线(6,9)在平面(12)内延伸并且相交于主管(2)的内径区域内。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的管开孔鞍座(1),其特征在于,在所述钻头插口(7)中借助于密封件(15)确保在开孔期间的密封,其中所述密封件(15)布置在所述钻头插口(7)的内径上,并且所述密封件(15)优选地设计为O形环或轮廓密封件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的管开孔鞍座(1),其特征在于,所述密封件(15)设计为塑料隔膜,所述塑料隔膜在钻穿之前封闭所述钻头插口(7)并且之后用作在所述钻头插口(7)和所述钻头(8)之间的密封件(15)。
CN201810165482.4A 2017-02-28 2018-02-28 管开孔鞍座 Active CN108501096B (zh)

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