CN108498608B - Processing method of exocarpium citri rubrum tablets - Google Patents
Processing method of exocarpium citri rubrum tablets Download PDFInfo
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- CN108498608B CN108498608B CN201710780041.0A CN201710780041A CN108498608B CN 108498608 B CN108498608 B CN 108498608B CN 201710780041 A CN201710780041 A CN 201710780041A CN 108498608 B CN108498608 B CN 108498608B
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- ARGKVCXINMKCAZ-UZRWAPQLSA-N neohesperidin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC=C1[C@H]1OC2=CC(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O3)O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C1 ARGKVCXINMKCAZ-UZRWAPQLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/75—Rutaceae (Rue family)
- A61K36/752—Citrus, e.g. lime, orange or lemon
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/15—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving mechanical treatment, e.g. chopping up, cutting or grinding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/17—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving drying, e.g. sun-drying or wilting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of exocarpium citri rubrum tablets, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing. The processing method comprises the steps of cleaning, airing and slicing the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits, and then pre-freezing or directly freezing and drying the exocarpium citri rubrum slices to obtain the exocarpium citri rubrum slices. In the processing process of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets, the method sprays self-made spraying liquid to the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets, and the spraying liquid is prepared from exocarpium citri rubrum flowers, neodimium and water. The exocarpium citri rubrum tablets obtained by freezing and low-temperature drying have good appearance and color, can well retain medicinal components in exocarpium citri rubrum fruits, can be quickly recovered after being added with water, and are beneficial to the release of the medicinal components; the spraying liquid can be used for increasing the fragrance and removing the bitterness of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets, so that the quality of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets is well improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and particularly relates to a processing method of exocarpium citri rubrum tablets.
Background
Exocarpium citri rubrum is a plant of pummelo of Citrus of Rutaceae, and the main varieties comprise 'healthy hair', 'dense leaf healthy hair', 'para hair', 'Guangqing', 'Pseudowestern' and 'Huanglong', wherein the exocarpium citri rubrum is most famous in the region with the best quality of healthy hair. Collecting exocarpium Citri rubrum fructus Canarii albi in 5 months for preparing dry medicine, and has effects of relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, invigorating spleen and resolving food stagnation. The use of exocarpium citri rubrum as a medicinal material has a long history, and is recorded in the book Ben Cao gang mu of Li Shizhen Ming dynasty: the good orange peel has red and white components in flesh, has the effects of benefiting qi, reducing phlegm and relieving cough which are more than those of other medicines, and has the effect of being more old and better; the Chinese medicine dictionary is characterized in that: huazhou orange is pungent, bitter and warm in nature, and has the functions of resolving phlegm, regulating qi, tonifying spleen and helping digestion, and is used for treating phlegm stagnation in chest, cough, asthma, vomiting, hiccup and food stagnation.
The medicinal effective components of exocarpium Citri rubrum are mainly flavonoid, polysaccharide and volatile oil, and naringin in the flavonoid is mainly used. With the improvement of health care consciousness of people, the tangerine peel is not only used as a medicinal material to be appeared in finished products such as Chinese medicine pavements or Chinese medicine preparations, but also is directly brewed and drunk or stewed soup by consumers in a tangerine peel tablet mode, and is used daily.
At present, the traditional processing method of the exocarpium citri rubrum is to directly dry or bake and dry the exocarpium citri rubrum, and cut the exocarpium citri rubrum into dry slices which can be soaked in water for taking. However, in the drying process, different temperature gradients are required to be dried at different times, so that the process is complicated and difficult to operate; baking temperature of a baking room is difficult to accurately control, and the exocarpium citri rubrum slices are easily heated unevenly in the drying process, so that local parts are over-dried or over-wet. The finished product of the sliced and baked exocarpium citri rubrum slices is curled, and is difficult to be vacuum-packaged and stored, and the whole baked exocarpium citri rubrum slices are hard and difficult to slice. And the color of the exocarpium citri rubrum slices prepared by the traditional processing method is changed into dark brown peel and light brown pulp, and the appearance quality is poor.
Furthermore, finished products of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets prepared by the traditional exocarpium citri rubrum processing method generally have the problem of bitter taste, and are unacceptable to some people in taste, so that the popularization and the use of the exocarpium citri rubrum are limited; in addition, the processed tangerine peel has insufficient fragrance, and cannot successfully attract more consumers to use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and overcome the defect of lagging processing method of the existing red tangerine peel, and provides a method for preparing a red tangerine peel tablet by using a vacuum low-temperature freeze drying technology, so that the effective biological activity in the red tangerine peel can be retained to the maximum extent, the shape and color of the finished product of the red tangerine peel tablet can be improved, the vacuum packaging can be facilitated, the storage time can be prolonged, and meanwhile, the bitter taste of the red tangerine peel tablet can be removed and the fragrance of the red tangerine peel tablet can be increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a processing method of exocarpium citri rubrum tablets comprises the following steps:
1) taking fresh exocarpium Citri rubrum fruits which are 45-60 days after blossom and have no characteristics of insect harm, cleaning with clear water, and air drying;
2) cutting the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits obtained in the step 1) into slices;
3) freeze-drying the orange slices obtained in the step 2), controlling the cold trap temperature to be-40 to-55 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be 20Pa to 40Pa, and finally drying until the water loss rate is 80 to 85 percent to obtain the finished orange slices.
Preferably, before carrying out the lyophilization of step 3), the following steps are added: pre-freezing the orange slices obtained in the step 2) in a low-temperature environment of-25 to-55 ℃ for 2 to 5 hours.
Preferably, in step 2), the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits are cut into slices with the thickness of less than 5mm in a transverse cutting mode. The transverse cutting mode is selected for slicing, the size of the cut slices is uniform, and if other modes such as vertical cutting are adopted, the size is difficult to be uniform, the slices cut at two sides of the fruit are small, and the middle of the fruit is large.
Preferably, before pre-freezing, the exocarpium citri rubrum slices are sprayed with a spraying liquid until water drops on the surfaces of the exocarpium citri rubrum slices, wherein the spraying is performed twice and is performed once every 15-20 min; the spraying liquid consists of the following components: red tangerine flower, neodimine and water.
Preferably, the spraying liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of red tangerine flower, 0.02-0.06 part of neodimine and 25-35 parts of water.
Preferably, before the orange slices are sprayed with the spraying liquid, the cut orange slices are dried by blowing, the drying temperature is 40-50 ℃, and when the water loss rate of the orange slices is 10% -15%, the orange slices are taken out and sprayed with the spraying liquid. Before spraying the liquid, carry out moderate degree withering with the exocarpium Citri rubrum piece and become dry here, be favorable to spraying the absorption of liquid, if spray just not dry, then the effect is unsatisfactory.
Preferably, the preparation method of the spraying liquid is as follows: heating clear water to 50-60 deg.C, adding Carthami flos, soaking for 20-30min, ultrasonically oscillating for 10-15min with ultrasonic power of 400-.
Preferably, in the step 3), the temperature of the cold trap is-45 ℃, the vacuum degree is 35Pa, and the final drying is controlled until the water loss rate is 85%.
Preferably, the pre-freezing environment temperature is-36 ℃, and the pre-freezing time is 3 h.
Has the advantages that:
1. the processing method can completely keep the shape and color of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets. Compared with the traditional high-temperature dried orange slices, the orange slices prepared by the processing method do not change in shape, can keep the original appearance, color and structure of food, have dark green peel and beige pulp, are complete and uniform in sheet structure, are convenient to vacuum package, are not easy to absorb moisture and oxidize, and can be kept for a longer time. The exocarpium citri rubrum slices dried at high temperature are dark brown in pericarp and light brown in pulp, the sheet structure is curled and deformed, and the exocarpium citri rubrum slices are not easy to vacuum package, absorb moisture and oxidize; the hole-shaped structure formed by the water loss of the exocarpium citri rubrum slices prepared by the processing method can be quickly absorbed and recovered after water is added, and the release of medicinal components is facilitated. In addition, the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets obtained by freezing and low-temperature drying can retain medical components such as naringin in the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits to a great extent.
2. According to the invention, the spraying liquid which is prepared independently is sprayed on the exocarpium citri rubrum slices before pre-freezing, and the spraying liquid is only sprayed on the surfaces of the exocarpium citri rubrum slices until water drops, so that the loss of effective components caused by dissolving the effective components in the exocarpium citri rubrum slices in water through soaking or other ways can be avoided.
The neotamine added into the spraying liquid can effectively reduce the bitterness of finished products of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets. The principle of reducing the bitter taste of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets is to utilize a covering method, namely, the bitter taste threshold is improved and the sensitivity of people to the bitter taste is reduced by adding the neotamine. The neotamine can also reduce the bitter taste and improve the flavor of the red tangerine peel tablets, is an effective limonin bitter taste inhibitor with a structure similar to that of the deoxidized neohesperidin, can improve the limonin bitter taste threshold of citrus juice, and is also effective on the red tangerine peel tablets through the test of the invention. The bitterness-inhibiting effect of neodimine is due to the adsorption of bitter compounds and masking of bitter receptors, rather than to the removal of the bitter taste of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets by means of neutralization or elimination, since the bitter taste of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets is derived from the active ingredients of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets, which would cause the loss of the active ingredients of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets if debittered in a neutral or elimination manner. The invention can remove bitter taste and retain effective components of exocarpium Citri rubrum tablet.
The exocarpium citri rubrum flowers added into the spraying liquid have strong exocarpium citri rubrum flower fragrance, are sprayed on exocarpium citri rubrum slices after ultrasonic extraction, and can be effectively kept in exocarpium citri rubrum slice finished products by combining a later-stage freeze drying method, so that the aroma-enhancing effect is very obvious. The finished product of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablet has strong fragrance, can attract more consumers and is beneficial to popularization and use of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablet.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A processing method of exocarpium citri rubrum tablets comprises the following steps:
1) taking fresh exocarpium citri rubrum fruits which are 50 days after blossom and have no characteristics of insect harm, cleaning with clear water, and airing;
2) cutting the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits obtained in the step 1) into slices with the thickness less than 5mm in a transverse cutting mode, drying the cut exocarpium citri rubrum slices in a blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 45 ℃, taking out the exocarpium citri rubrum slices when the water loss rate of the exocarpium citri rubrum slices is 15%, spraying the exocarpium citri rubrum slices with spraying liquid until water drops on the surfaces of the exocarpium citri rubrum slices, wherein the spraying is performed twice and is performed once every 15 min;
the spraying liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of red tangerine flower, 0.03 part of neodimine and 28 parts of water; the preparation method of the spraying liquid comprises the following steps: heating 280g of clean water to 55 ℃, adding 180g of exocarpium citri rubrum for soaking, naturally cooling, after soaking for 20min, ultrasonically oscillating for 15min with the ultrasonic power of 450W, filtering, and adding 0.3g of neodimine into the filtrate until the neodimine is dissolved and uniformly mixed to obtain a spraying liquid;
placing the sprayed orange slices containing the spraying liquid in a low-temperature environment of-36 ℃ for pre-freezing for 3 h;
3) taking out the pre-frozen exocarpium citri rubrum slices obtained in the step 2), freeze-drying, controlling the temperature of a cold trap at minus 45 ℃ and the vacuum degree at 35Pa, and finally drying until the water loss rate is 82% to obtain finished exocarpium citri rubrum slices.
Example 2
A processing method of exocarpium citri rubrum tablets comprises the following steps:
1) taking fresh exocarpium citri rubrum fruits which are 45 days after blossom and have no characteristics of insect harm, cleaning with clear water, and airing;
2) cutting the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits obtained in the step 1) into slices with the thickness less than 5mm in a transverse cutting mode, drying the cut exocarpium citri rubrum slices in a blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 45 ℃, taking out the exocarpium citri rubrum slices when the water loss rate of the exocarpium citri rubrum slices is 10%, spraying the exocarpium citri rubrum slices with spraying liquid until water drops on the surfaces of the exocarpium citri rubrum slices, wherein the spraying is performed twice and is performed once every 20 min;
the spraying liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of red tangerine flower, 0.05 part of neodimine and 35 parts of water; the preparation method of the spraying liquid comprises the following steps: heating 350g of clear water to 50 ℃, adding 200g of exocarpium citri rubrum for soaking, after soaking for 30min, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 10min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 500W, filtering, and adding 0.5g of neodimine into the filtrate until the neodimine is dissolved and mixed uniformly to obtain a spray solution;
placing the sprayed orange slices containing the spraying liquid in a low-temperature environment of-25 ℃ for pre-freezing for 5 hours;
3) freeze-drying the pre-frozen exocarpium citri rubrum slices obtained in the step 2), controlling the temperature of a cold trap at minus 50 ℃ and the vacuum degree at 40Pa, and finally drying until the water loss rate is 83% to obtain the finished exocarpium citri rubrum slices.
Example 3
A processing method of exocarpium citri rubrum tablets comprises the following steps:
1) taking fresh exocarpium citri rubrum fruits which are 50 days after blossom and have no characteristics of insect harm, cleaning with clear water, and airing;
2) cutting the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits obtained in the step 1) into slices with the thickness of less than 5mm by adopting a exocarpium citri rubrum fruit transverse cutting mode, and pre-freezing the exocarpium citri rubrum slices in a low-temperature environment of-55 ℃ for 2 hours.
3) Freeze-drying the exocarpium citri rubrum slices obtained in the step 2), controlling the temperature of a cold trap at-42 ℃ and the vacuum degree at 20Pa, and finally drying until the water loss rate is 80% to obtain the finished exocarpium citri rubrum slices.
Example 4
A processing method of exocarpium citri rubrum tablets comprises the following steps:
1) taking fresh exocarpium citri rubrum fruits which are 50 days after blossom and have no characteristics of insect harm, cleaning with clear water, and airing;
2) cutting the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits obtained in the step 1) into slices with the thickness of less than 5mm in a manner of transversely cutting the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits;
3) freeze-drying the exocarpium citri rubrum slices obtained in the step 2), controlling the temperature of a cold trap at-49 ℃ and the vacuum degree at 25Pa, and finally drying until the water loss rate is 80% to obtain the finished exocarpium citri rubrum slices.
Comparative example 1
Taking fresh exocarpium citri rubrum fruits with characteristics of no pest damage, washing with clear water, airing, slicing, and drying the exocarpium citri rubrum slices in a blast environment with the drying temperature of 65-70 ℃ to obtain finished exocarpium citri rubrum slices.
Comparative example 2
A method for processing exocarpium citri rubrum tablets, which is basically the same as in example 3, except that: the pre-freezing temperature is-20 ℃, and the pre-freezing time is 5 hours; the cold trap temperature is-60 ℃ and the vacuum degree is 30 Pa.
Comparative example 3
A method for processing exocarpium citri rubrum tablets, which is basically the same as in example 3, except that: the pre-freezing temperature is-18 ℃, and the pre-freezing time is 6 hours; the cold trap temperature is-35 ℃ and the vacuum degree is 50 Pa.
Table 1 shows a comparison of the physical properties of the processed red tangerine peel tablets of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3.
TABLE 1
Note: the flavor and bitterness described in the table refer to the flavor and bitterness of orange slices after each group is soaked in the same volume of water with the same weight of orange slices.
As can be seen from Table 1, the vacuum low-temperature freeze drying technology of the invention can ensure that the prepared exocarpium citri rubrum tablets have good appearance quality in the examples 1-4; the orange slices processed according to the comparative example 1 by using the traditional drying method have poor appearance, not only are the color and luster poor, but also the orange slices are curled and deformed, and the phenomena can make consumers feel the orange slices visually, so that the use of the orange slices is resisted. As can be seen from table 1, in the embodiment 1-2, the home-made spraying liquid is used for spraying the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets, so that the fragrance of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets can be well increased, the bitter taste of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets can be effectively reduced, the evaluation is high after the application of a test person, and the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets processed in the embodiment 1-2 are favored by the test person.
As can be seen from the comparison of the results of example 3 and example 4, the time required for freeze-drying the red tangerine peel sheets can be reduced by adding the pre-freezing step.
From the comparative analysis of the example 3, the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3, the pre-freezing temperature, the freezing temperature and the vacuum degree in the invention have great influence on the processing process of finished products of the exocarpium citri rubrum slices, the pre-freezing temperature and the freezing temperature are too high, the processing process time is prolonged, the temperature is too low, particularly, the temperature of freeze drying is lower than-55 ℃, the prepared exocarpium citri rubrum slices are too fragile and fragile in the process of packaging and transportation, so the control of the temperature, the time and the vacuum degree needs to be paid attention to in the drying processing process.
The invention also tests the effective components of the tangerine peel tablets processed in the examples 1-4, and the results are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2
| Group of | Naringin content% | Content of total flavonoids% |
| Example 1 | 5.57 | 20.7 |
| Example 2 | 5.58 | 20.2 |
| Example 3 | 5.52 | 20.6 |
| Example 4 | 5.50 | 20.5 |
As can be seen from table 2, the product obtained by processing the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets by using the freeze-drying method of the invention can greatly retain the medicinal components such as naringin, total flavonoids and the like in the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets, and as can be seen from the data of example 1 and example 2, the content of the medicinal components in the finished exocarpium citri rubrum tablets is not affected after the self-made spray liquid is sprayed on the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The processing method of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) taking fresh exocarpium Citri rubrum fruits which are 45-60 days after blossom and have no characteristics of insect harm, cleaning with clear water, and air drying;
2) cutting the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits obtained in the step 1) into slices; drying cut exocarpium Citri rubrum slices by blowing air at 40-50 deg.C, taking out when the water loss rate of exocarpium Citri rubrum slices is 10-15%, spraying with spraying liquid until water drops on exocarpium Citri rubrum slices surface, twice spraying every 15-20 min; the spraying liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of red tangerine flower, 0.02-0.06 part of neodimine and 25-35 parts of water; pre-freezing the orange slices in a low-temperature environment of-20 to-55 ℃ for 2 to 5 hours;
3) freeze-drying the orange slices obtained in the step 2), controlling the cold trap temperature to be-40 to-55 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be 20Pa to 40Pa, and finally drying until the water loss rate is 80 to 85 percent to obtain the finished orange slices.
2. The processing method of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets according to claim 1, wherein the steps of: in the step 2), the exocarpium citri rubrum fruits are cut into slices with the thickness less than 5mm in a transecting mode.
3. The processing method of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets according to claim 1, wherein the steps of: the preparation method of the spraying liquid comprises the following steps: heating clear water to 50-60 deg.C, adding Carthami flos, soaking for 20-30min, ultrasonically oscillating for 10-15min with ultrasonic power of 400-.
4. The processing method of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets according to claim 1, wherein the steps of: in the step 3), the temperature of the cold trap is-45 ℃, the vacuum degree is 35Pa, and the final drying is controlled until the water loss rate is 82%.
5. The processing method of the exocarpium citri rubrum tablets according to claim 1, wherein the steps of: the pre-freezing environment temperature is-36 ℃, and the pre-freezing time is 3 h.
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| CN105166018A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-23 | 铜陵白姜发展有限责任公司 | White ginger freeze drying process |
| CN105685881A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-22 | 湖南省农产品加工研究所 | Lime slices and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105685881A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-22 | 湖南省农产品加工研究所 | Lime slices and preparation method thereof |
| CN105918434A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-09-07 | 王振伟 | Method for processing dry fruit chips by vacuum freeze drying ginseng fruit |
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