CN108496861A - 紫色珍珠培育方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种紫色珍珠培育方法,包括父本及母本的预处理、杂交二代的处理、手术蚌的选择与插片植核、育珠对象的饵料制备、吊养管理等步骤。本发明选取一定的辐射强度及辐射时间,可以使育珠蚌的珍珠质成色基因突变,经过杂交二代后,可以获得分泌紫色珍珠质的育珠蚌,有效提高了紫色珍珠的得率,而且因含锰物质被微胶囊包裹,对水质环境污染小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及淡水珍珠养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种紫色珍珠实现批量化生产的培育方法。
背景技术
目前,淡水珠常见的有金黄色、紫色、粉红色、蓝色和奶油色等,海洋珍珠的颜色较少,一般有银白色、金黄色、蓝色、紫色等。评价珍珠优劣除了大小、滚圆度之外,主要是颜色,颜色是否纯正,直接影响其销售价格。
三角帆蚌的贝壳珍珠质颜色主要以白色和紫色两种最为常见。在生产中发现,紫色珍珠质品系的三角帆蚌生长发育更快,分泌珍珠质更旺盛,作用小片蚌和育珠蚌所育出的珍珠液更大、更圆、颜色更深。然而自然状态下的紫色珍珠质品系的三角帆蚌生产出的珍珠颜色杂,存在不同深浅的紫色质。
CN2010101654368公开了一种紫色珍珠质品系三角帆蚌的人工选育方法,该方法首先采用三角帆蚌冷休克方法,使用牙镜生物活体内观察技术,建立了无损伤、快速准确的三角帆蚌珍珠质颜色活体鉴定技术,用于紫色珍珠质三角帆蚌的鉴定,然后结合三角帆蚌育珠性状筛选亲蚌;然后亲蚌自交,独立培育,采用插珠的方法获得紫色珍珠质三角帆蚌品系的选育。该方法存在若养殖水体环境变化,获得紫色珍珠颜色仍旧不纯正。
CN201210341671.5公开了一种用于紫色珍珠养殖的肥水复合制剂,可快速补充紫色珍珠所需的小分子有机碎屑和浮游动植物需要N、P、K及多种微量元素。该方法只考虑了养殖水体环境对紫色珍珠的影响。
CN201310393038.5公开了一种白色或紫色淡水珍珠的定向培育方法,该方法通过解剖贝壳珍珠层白色或紫色的制片蚌,采集其外套膜外表皮并制成方形组织小片,植入到育珠蚌的外套膜结缔组织层中,培育得到白色或紫色无核珍珠。该方法实现了纯白色、纯紫色珍珠的批量生产。该方法需要花费大量时间、大范围搜索紫色制片蚌,有可能因制片蚌的缺乏而导致无法正常生产。
此外,因三角帆蚌的白色、紫色珍珠层表现为隐形、显性遗传,对于白色个体的隐合体,选育纯化较为容易,但紫色个体既有显性春和体,又有杂合体,选育纯化较为困难。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种鉴赏用紫色珍珠培育方法,为实现紫色珍珠批量化生产提供了基础。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:紫色珍珠培育方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)父本及母本的预处理:挑选健康、成熟4龄及以上内壳前端呈紫色的三角帆蚌作父本,内壳前端呈紫色的三角帆蚌作母本,母本与父本的数量比为1:1,在交配之前父本与母本单独喂养,在繁育前10-20天,对母本、父本均进行活体辐射,辐射源为钴物质,辐射强度为0.5-1.2瓦/㎡,辐射时间30-40min;然后按比例吊养在一起进行养殖至自然交配受精产仔,得子一代蚌;
(2)杂交二代的处理:将步骤(1)的子一代蚌按照常规方法培育成成熟蚌,并从成熟蚌中挑选出内壳前端呈紫色的作为处理对象,然后根据处理对象中的雌雄搭配,进行杂交,获得杂交二代,将杂交二代按常规方法培育至6-8cm,然后对杂交二代蚌进行活体辐射,辐射源为钴物质,辐射强度为2.0-2.5瓦/㎡,辐射时间20-30min;继续养殖1-2个月后,备用;
(3)手术蚌的选择与插片植核:选择步骤(2)中壳均为紫色的蚌作为小片及植片的受体蚌,然后进行插片或植核,其插片植核的方法同于常规方法;
(4)育珠对象的饵料制备:首先,按重量配比为氨基酸螯合锌20-30%、氨基酸螯合镁30-40%、氨基酸螯合钛10-20%、氨基酸螯合钴10-20%、磷酸钠10-30%、类胡萝卜素 5-8%混合得含锌镁液,其次,按照常规方法制备含锌镁微胶囊,其中微胶囊的囊液为含锌镁液;最后将含锌镁微胶囊按照10-30%的重量添加比例添加入育珠蚌的常规饵料中,从而制得;
(5)吊养管理:在插核手术后休养20-35天后开始投喂步骤(4)制备的饵料,直至珍珠完全形成。
优选地,在步骤(5)中,在插核手术后即用光照照射育珠蚌,养殖期内的光照强度为800-1000LX/㎡/d.
优选地,在步骤(5)中,夏天的时候改用4级强紫外线照射,即在夏天将育珠蚌吊于20cm以内水深的表层水里。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
1、选取一定的辐射强度及辐射时间,可以使育珠蚌的珍珠质成色基因突变,经过杂交二代后,可以获得分泌紫色珍珠质的育珠蚌;
2、投喂含锌镁微胶囊的饵料,稳定紫色珍珠质的分泌,有效提高了紫色珍珠的得率(91.2%以上),而且因含锰物质被微胶囊包裹,对水质环境污染小。
具体实施方式
现结合具体实施例,对本发明的技术内容作进一步阐述,但不构成对其权利的限制。
实施例一
本实施例的紫色珍珠培育方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)父本及母本的预处理:挑选健康、成熟4龄及以上内壳前端呈紫色的三角帆蚌作父本,内壳前端呈紫色的三角帆蚌作母本,母本与父本的数量比为1:1,在交配之前父本与母本单独喂养,在繁育前10-20天,对母本、父本均进行活体辐射,辐射源为钴物质,辐射强度为0.8-1.0瓦/㎡,辐射时间30min;然后按比例吊养在一起进行养殖至自然交配受精产仔,得子一代蚌;
(2)杂交二代的处理:将步骤(1)的子一代蚌按照常规方法培育成成熟蚌,并从成熟蚌中挑选出内壳前端呈紫色的作为处理对象,然后根据处理对象中的雌雄搭配,进行杂交,获得杂交二代,将杂交二代按常规方法培育至8cm,然后对杂交二代蚌进行活体辐射,辐射源为钴物质,辐射强度为2.0瓦/㎡,辐射时间30min;继续养殖2个月后,备用;
(3)手术蚌的选择与插片植核:选择步骤(2)中壳均为紫色的蚌作为小片及植片的受体蚌,然后进行插片或植核,其插片植核的方法同于常规方法;
(4)育珠对象的饵料制备:首先,按重量配比为氨基酸螯合锌30%、氨基酸螯合镁30%、氨基酸螯合钛10%、氨基酸螯合钴10%、磷酸钠12%、类胡萝卜素8%混合得含锌镁液,其次,按照常规方法制备含锌镁微胶囊,其中微胶囊的囊液为含锌镁液;最后将含锌镁微胶囊按照10-30%的重量添加比例添加入育珠蚌的常规饵料中,从而制得;
(5)吊养管理:在插核手术后休养35天后开始投喂步骤(4)制备的饵料,直至珍珠完全形成。
实施例二
本实施例的紫色珍珠培育方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)父本及母本的预处理:挑选健康、成熟4龄及以上内壳前端呈紫色的三角帆蚌作父本,内壳前端呈紫色的三角帆蚌作母本,母本与父本的数量比为1:1,在交配之前父本与母本单独喂养,在繁育前20天,对母本、父本均进行活体辐射,辐射源为钴物质,辐射强度为0.5-0.7瓦/㎡,辐射时间40min;然后按比例吊养在一起进行养殖至自然交配受精产仔,得子一代蚌;
(2)杂交二代的处理:将步骤(1)的子一代蚌按照常规方法培育成成熟蚌,并从成熟蚌中挑选出内壳前端呈紫色的作为处理对象,然后根据处理对象中的雌雄搭配,进行杂交,获得杂交二代,将杂交二代按常规方法培育至6cm,然后对杂交二代蚌进行活体辐射,辐射源为钴物质,辐射强度为2.5瓦/㎡,辐射时间20min;继续养殖1个月后,备用;
(3)手术蚌的选择与插片植核:选择步骤(2)中壳均为紫色的蚌作为小片及植片的受体蚌,然后进行插片或植核,其插片植核的方法同于常规方法;
(4)育珠对象的饵料制备:首先,按重量配比为氨基酸螯合锌30%、氨基酸螯合镁30%、氨基酸螯合钛10%、氨基酸螯合钴10%、磷酸钠15%、类胡萝卜素 5%混合得含锌镁液,其次,按照常规方法制备含锌镁微胶囊,其中微胶囊的囊液为含锌镁液;最后将含锌镁微胶囊按照10-30%的重量添加比例添加入育珠蚌的常规饵料中,从而制得;
(5)吊养管理:在插核手术后休养20天后开始投喂步骤(4)制备的饵料,直至珍珠完全形成;而且在插核手术后即用光照照射育珠蚌,养殖期内的光照强度为平均900-1000LX/㎡/d。
实施例三
除以下不同外,其余同实施例一:
步骤(5)中,在插核手术后即用光照照射育珠蚌,养殖期内的光照强度为平均800-900LX/㎡/d,到夏天的时候改用4级强紫外线照射,即在夏天将育珠蚌吊于20cm以内水深的表层水里。
Claims (3)
1.紫色珍珠培育方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)父本及母本的预处理:挑选健康、成熟4龄及以上内壳前端呈紫色的三角帆蚌作父本,内壳前端呈紫色的三角帆蚌作母本,母本与父本的数量比为1:1,在交配之前父本与母本单独喂养,在繁育前10-20天,对母本、父本均进行活体辐射,辐射源为钴物质,辐射强度为0.5-1.2瓦/㎡,辐射时间30-40min;然后按比例吊养在一起进行养殖至自然交配受精产仔,得子一代蚌;
(2)杂交二代的处理:将步骤(1)的子一代蚌按照常规方法培育成成熟蚌,并从成熟蚌中挑选出内壳前端呈紫色的作为处理对象,然后根据处理对象中的雌雄搭配,进行杂交,获得杂交二代,将杂交二代按常规方法培育至6-8cm,然后对杂交二代蚌进行活体辐射,辐射源为钴物质,辐射强度为2.0-2.5瓦/㎡,辐射时间20-30min;继续养殖1-2个月后,备用;
(3)手术蚌的选择与插片植核:选择步骤(2)中壳均为紫色的蚌作为小片及植片的受体蚌,然后进行插片或植核,其插片植核的方法同于常规方法;
(4)育珠对象的饵料制备:首先,按重量配比为氨基酸螯合锌20-30%、氨基酸螯合镁30-40%、氨基酸螯合钛10-20%、氨基酸螯合钴10-20%、磷酸钠10-30%、类胡萝卜素 5-8%混合得含锌镁液,其次,按照常规方法制备含锌镁微胶囊,其中微胶囊的囊液为含锌镁液;最后将含锌镁微胶囊按照10-30%的重量添加比例添加入育珠蚌的常规饵料中,从而制得;
(5)吊养管理:在插核手术后休养20-35天后开始投喂步骤(4)制备的饵料,直至珍珠完全形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紫色珍珠培育方法,其特征在于,在步骤(5)中,在插核手术后即用光照照射育珠蚌,养殖期内的光照强度为800-1000LX/㎡/d。
3.根据权利要求1所述的紫色珍珠培育方法,其特征在于,在步骤(5)中,夏天的时候改用强紫外线照射,即在夏天将育珠蚌吊于20cm以内水深的表层水里。
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