CN108490078B - Single-side double-side multi-angle ultrasonic detection method for dissimilar structure type pipeline welding seam - Google Patents
Single-side double-side multi-angle ultrasonic detection method for dissimilar structure type pipeline welding seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN108490078B CN108490078B CN201810169219.2A CN201810169219A CN108490078B CN 108490078 B CN108490078 B CN 108490078B CN 201810169219 A CN201810169219 A CN 201810169219A CN 108490078 B CN108490078 B CN 108490078B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/267—Welds
Abstract
The method comprises the steps of establishing a 3D model of a pipeline to be detected with a flange or elbow welding seam and two multi-angle ultrasonic probes, and enabling the two simulation ultrasonic probes to simulate fan-shaped scanning on two sides of the simulation welding seam; recording the positions of the two simulated ultrasonic probes on the simulated pipeline to be tested; assembling two multi-angle ultrasonic probes on a multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device; carrying out equidistant linear scanning along the circumferential direction of the pipeline to be detected, and simultaneously collecting welding seam detection data; and analyzing the welding seam condition of the pipeline to be tested with the flange or elbow welding seam. The welding line is simultaneously transmitted by the multi-angle ultrasonic waves, only equidistant linear scanning is carried out, dependence on different structural types and sizes is reduced, and the position and the size of the defect in the welding line are rapidly identified and calculated, so that the detection rate of the defect of the welding line is higher, the result is more visual, the quality detection of the welding line of the flange and the elbow is ensured, and the working efficiency and the defect detection capability are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pipeline welding seam detection method, in particular to a single-side double-side multi-angle ultrasonic detection method for a pipeline welding seam with a different structure type.
Background
According to the requirements of the current regulations and standards in the petrochemical industry in China, nondestructive detection is required to be carried out on welding seams formed in the installation and repair processes of oil and gas pipelines so as to ensure the welding quality of the pipelines.
The ultrasonic detection technology is widely applied to pipeline welding engineering in the petrochemical industry as a main detection means due to the characteristics of simple and rapid operation and high detection sensitivity on harmful defects such as cracks, unfused parts and the like. In the petrochemical device, a large number of different-structure type pipeline welding seams exist, such as the welding seams formed between flanges or elbows and straight pipes, and according to the ultrasonic detection standard regulation of China and industry, the quality of the welding seams of any different-structure type pipeline welding seams is generally detected according to a single-side and double-side method. However, due to the structural and dimensional limitations of the welding seam of the pipeline with the different structural types, the ultrasonic probe cannot freely move on two sides of the welding seam of the pipeline with the different structural types, in order to meet the requirement of full detection of the welding seam, the single-angle ultrasonic probe is arranged on the flange side or the elbow side and needs to move back and forth to perform sawtooth type scanning, so that higher requirements are provided for an adopted scanning system, sawtooth type scanning capability is needed, and due to the structural shape and dimensional limitations of the flange and the elbow, the movable space of the ultrasonic probe on the flange and the elbow side is narrow, the scanning mode greatly increases the operation complexity and has low practicability, and in addition, for the elbow, the curvature change of the inner side of the elbow is large, and the ultrasonic probe possibly has a gap with the surface of the elbow, so that the ultrasonic probe is poorly coupled.
For example, an ultrasonic inspection scanning device (publication number: CN 104297341A) for a pipe-flange fillet weld is arranged inside a flange and used for carrying out inspection from the inside of the flange (the inside of the flange is a through hole) in order to avoid the influence of the structural shape of the flange on a mechanism. Although this method can realize single-sided and double-sided detection, the following problems are actually existed in practical application:
a) the flange can not be applied when the size of the inner hole of the flange is small, and the application range is limited;
b) the influence of the structural shape on the scanning system is received, and the sawtooth type scanning interference is obvious;
c) when in use, the scanning device is placed in the flange, and the assembly and operation processes are not visual and convenient;
d) when in use, the end face of the flange is required to be ensured not to be contacted with other objects, so that the use requirement is high and the flange is not convenient;
e) when in maintenance, the machine needs to be stopped and removed from the rear part of the flange, the operation cost is overhigh, and the operability is lower.
For another example, the dual-channel curved weld ultrasonic detection scanner (publication number: CN 104777223A) is based on a conventional scanning device, the up-and-down moving stroke of a probe frame is increased, and the length size of a wedge block is reduced to ensure that the probe can be tightly attached to the inner radian and the outer radian of an elbow workpiece. In addition, 4 adjustable screws are added in the width direction of the wedge block, so that the condition that the probe swings or overturns in the scanning process is reduced, and poor coupling is avoided. However, from the practical application aspect, the scanning rack has the following problems:
a) the overall size is large, and the device is only suitable for workpieces with larger pipe diameters (the minimum pipe diameter suitable for the patent is phi 219 mm);
b) the influence of the structural shape on the scanning system is received, and the sawtooth type scanning interference is obvious;
c) the height is too large, and the field condition cannot meet the requirement of an operation space;
d) the probe frame is easy to physically collide with and clamp the inner arc of the workpiece and interfere with the inner arc of the workpiece;
e) when the surface curvature of the workpiece is larger than the theoretical curvature, the wedge block cannot be tightly attached to the surface of the workpiece due to the limitation of the adjustable screw, and poor coupling is caused.
Therefore, the operator often only needs to move back and ask for the second, and the ultrasonic probe is only arranged on one side of the welding line of the pipeline with the different structure types to detect according to a single-side and single-side method, but the method is difficult to ensure the quality detection of the welding line and does not meet the national standard requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a single-side and double-side multi-angle ultrasonic detection method for the welding seam of the pipeline with the different structure type, which can reduce the dependence on the different structure type and size, has higher detection rate of the welding seam defect and more visual result, ensures the quality detection of the welding seam of the flange and the elbow, and improves the working efficiency and the defect detection capability. The technical scheme is as follows:
a single-side double-side multi-angle ultrasonic detection method for a dissimilar structure type pipeline welding seam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): in simulation software, establishing a to-be-tested pipeline with a flange or an elbow welding seam and a 3D model of two multi-angle ultrasonic probes, namely a simulated to-be-tested pipeline and a simulated ultrasonic probe;
step (2): in simulation software, two simulation ultrasonic probes are respectively placed on two sides of a simulation welding line and are used for simulating sector scanning;
and (3): moving the two simulated ultrasonic probes back and forth until the simulated sound beams of the two simulated ultrasonic probes can completely cover the simulated weld joint at one time, and recording the positions of the two simulated ultrasonic probes on the simulated pipeline to be tested;
and (4): assembling the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes on a multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device according to the positions of the two simulated ultrasonic probes recorded in the step (3);
and (5): the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes of the multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device are respectively positioned at two sides of a welding seam of the pipeline to be detected, linear scanning is carried out at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the pipeline to be detected, and meanwhile welding seam detection data are collected;
and (6): and (5) analyzing the welding line condition of the pipeline to be detected with the flange or elbow welding line according to the welding line detection data collected in the step (5).
The multi-angle ultrasonic probe refers to an ultrasonic probe capable of scanning a sector, for example, an industrial phased array probe, in which a probe array is configured with a plurality of wafers, and a computer controls the delay of transmitting and receiving time to obtain a required sector scanning surface.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (4), sound velocity, delay and sensitivity calibration is further performed on the two multi-angle ultrasound probes. And carrying out sound velocity, delay and sensitivity calibration on the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes to ensure that the positions and sizes of the defects are accurate.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in the step (6), analyzing the weld condition of the pipeline to be tested having the flange or elbow weld includes identifying the weld defect and calculating the weld position.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, the identification of the weld defects adopts the following method: when the multi-angle ultrasonic probe is positioned on the elbow, in an ultrasonic B image generated after detection, an included angle between a connecting line of a multi-angle ultrasonic probe at the intersection point of the front end of the elbow and the midpoint of the upper surface of the elbow and the upper surface of the elbow is used as a rotation angle, and a welding seam is rotated around the midpoint of the upper surface of the elbow, so that the welding seam corresponds to the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe to obtain a sectional view perpendicular to the welding seam; when the multi-angle ultrasonic probe is positioned on the flange, in an ultrasonic B image generated after detection, an included angle between a flange inclined plane and a horizontal plane is used as a rotation angle, a welding line is rotated around an intersection point of the upper surface of the flange and the flange inclined plane, so that the welding line corresponds to the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe to obtain a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the welding line, and when the multi-angle ultrasonic probe is positioned on a straight pipe, the welding line is displayed on the ultrasonic B image according to the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe and the thickness of the flange in a symmetrical mode according to a first primary wave and a second secondary wave.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the calculation of the defect position includes determination of a zero point, a vertical distance, and a horizontal distance, specifically as follows: the vertical distance takes the upper surface of the pipe wall of the straight pipe as a zero point, and is recorded as a positive value when the defect position is below the zero point, and is recorded as a negative value when the defect position is above the zero point; the horizontal distance takes the front edge of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe as a zero point, and is recorded as a positive value when the defect position is in front of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe, and is recorded as a negative value when the defect position is in back of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe.
As a further preferable embodiment of the present invention, the calculation of the defect position specifically includes: determining a sound ray incidence starting point according to the parameters of the flange/bent pipe and the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe by taking the middle point of the upper surface of the flange/bent pipe as the original point of a two-dimensional coordinate system, and then obtaining a linear equation of a primary wave according to the sound ray incidence angle; obtaining a linear equation of the secondary wave according to the law of reflection; and obtaining the coordinate position of the defect point according to the known defect sound path, the linear equation of the primary wave and the linear equation of the secondary wave, wherein the y value of the coordinate is the vertical distance, and the horizontal distance is obtained by adding the x value of the coordinate and the coordinate position of the front edge of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe. The defect sound path is a constant representing the length and can be directly measured according to experiments.
As a still further preferable scheme of the present invention, the sound ray incidence starting point, the linear equation of the primary wave and the linear equation of the secondary wave are calculated respectively according to two situations of the workpiece being a flange and a bent pipe;
in the case of a flange:
the sound ray incidence starting point is a primary wave starting point position, the welding seam central point of the flange is used as an original point, and the specific positions are as follows:
P1(p1x, p1y) =(rl,-
)；
the primary wave end positions are as follows: p2(P2x, P2y) = (P1x + sin (ang1) × (S + rh), -S);
the slope of the line on which the primary wave lies is: k = tan (ang 1);
the intercept of the line where the primary wave is located is: b = p1 y-k × p1 x;
the linear equation for the primary is: y = k x + b;
the linear equation of the secondary wave obtained according to the law of refraction and the linear equation of the primary wave is as follows: y = k2 × x + b 2;
among the above parameters: rl is the horizontal distance from the incident point to the center of the flange weld joint; rh is the vertical distance between the incident point and the horizontal surface of the pipeline to be measured; hf is the flange height; a is the outer diameter of the pipeline to be measured; cf is the flange thickness; h1 is the normal neck length; k2 is-k; b2 is p2y-k2 × p2 x; ang1 is the angle between the primary sound ray and the vertical direction; s is a defect sound path which is directly measured according to an experiment;
in the case of a bend for the workpiece:
the sound ray incidence starting point is a primary wave starting point position, the welding seam central point of the elbow is used as an original point, and the specific positions are as follows:
P1(p1x, p1y) = (-rl, rh)；
the slope k = tan (ang1) of the line on which the primary wave lies;
the intercept b = p1 y-k × p1x of the straight line on which the primary wave lies;
the linear equation for the primary is: y = k x + b;
circle of arc of bottom surface of elbow
；
Horizontal position of intersection point of primary wave straight line and arc:
the xx is a larger value, and if xx is less than 0, the primary wave end point is on the circular arc;
the positions of the primary beam endpoints are: p2(P2x, P2y) = (xx, k xx + b);
the linear equation of the secondary wave can be obtained according to the position of the primary wave terminal point and the linear equation of the primary wave, and is as follows:
y= -k*x + p2y-k2*p2x；
among the above parameters: rl is the horizontal distance between the incident point and the center of the welding seam of the elbow; rh is the vertical distance between the incident point and the horizontal surface of the pipeline to be measured; t is the thickness of the pipeline to be measured; c is the gap of the root of the welding seam; k2 is-k; b2 is p2y-k2 × p2 x; ang1 is the angle between the primary sound ray and the vertical direction; ur is the elbow surface radius, ur = Hw/sin (45) -D/2; s is a defect sound path which is directly measured according to an experiment.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the multi-angle bilateral ultrasound scanning device in step (4) includes a first multi-angle probe device located on one side of the weld, a second multi-angle probe device located on the other side of the weld, a magnetic-type cart and an encoder, the first multi-angle probe device and the second multi-angle probe device are distributed in a staggered manner, the first multi-angle probe device is fixedly connected with the magnetic-type cart, a cross beam is arranged between the second multi-angle probe device and the magnetic-type cart, the second multi-angle probe device is connected with the magnetic-type cart through the cross beam, and the encoder is installed on a roller of the magnetic-type cart. Above-mentioned encoder is generally installed on the gyro wheel of formula dolly is inhaled to magnetism through the elastic component, and the elastic component generally adopts the spring, installs the encoder on the gyro wheel of formula dolly is inhaled to magnetism through the elastic component, can guarantee that the encoder is being swept the in-process all the time with pipeline surface contact. Magnetic type dolly setting is inhaled to the aforesaid magnetism at the surface of straight tube, first multi-angle probe unit is located the straight tube side, second multi-angle probe unit is located flange side or elbow side, it inhales the formula dolly and makes linear movement along the circumferencial direction of welding seam to carry out magnetism through crossbeam or other modes, the moving information of formula dolly is inhaled to encoder record magnetism simultaneously, magnetic type dolly drives first multi-angle probe unit, second multi-angle probe unit makes linear movement along the circumferencial direction of welding seam, thereby realize first multi-angle probe unit, second multi-angle probe unit carries out equidistant linear scanning respectively along the circumferencial direction of welding seam in the both sides of pipeline welding seam, satisfy the two side full testing requirements of different structure type pipeline welding seam, and the work efficiency is improved. Because the first multi-angle probe device and the second multi-angle probe device are distributed in a staggered manner, the first multi-angle probe device and the second multi-angle probe device can be better attached to the surface of a pipeline, and the scanning precision is improved. Through magnetism inhale formula dolly, crossbeam and first multi-angle probe unit, the cooperation of second multi-angle probe unit, the magnetism is inhaled to the implementation and is made whole device can make linear movement along the circumferencial direction of welding seam, realizes two sides full detection of xenogenesis structural style pipeline welding seam, simple structure, convenient operation improves work efficiency.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the multi-angle double-side ultrasonic scanning device in step (4) includes a first multi-angle probe device located on one side of the welding seam, a second multi-angle probe device located on the other side of the welding seam of the pipeline, a chain and an encoder, wherein an elastic drag hook is arranged at a head end of the chain, a buckle matched with the elastic drag hook is arranged at a tail end of the chain, the head end and the tail end of the chain can be connected to form an annular chain, a plurality of chain wheels are arranged on the chain, the first multi-angle probe device and the second multi-angle probe device are distributed in a staggered manner, the first multi-angle probe device is fixedly connected with the chain, a cross beam is arranged between the second multi-angle probe device and the chain, the second multi-angle probe device. The encoder is generally mounted on one of the sprockets of the chain by an elastic member, the elastic member generally adopts a spring, and the encoder is mounted on one of the sprockets of the chain by the elastic member, so that the encoder can be always in contact with the surface of the pipeline in the scanning process. Tightly cover the surface at the straight tube with above-mentioned chain, first multi-angle probe device is located the straight tube side, second multi-angle probe device is located flange side or elbow side, it makes linear movement along the circumferencial direction of welding seam to carry out the chain through crossbeam or other modes, the moving information of encoder record sprocket simultaneously, the chain drives first multi-angle probe device, second multi-angle probe device makes linear movement along the circumferencial direction of welding seam, thereby realize first multi-angle probe device, second multi-angle probe device carries out equidistant linear scanning respectively along the circumferencial direction of welding seam in the both sides of pipeline welding seam, satisfy the two side full testing requirements of different structural style pipeline welding seams, and the work efficiency is improved. Because the first multi-angle probe device and the second multi-angle probe device are distributed in a staggered manner, the first multi-angle probe device and the second multi-angle probe device can be better attached to the surface of a pipeline, and the scanning precision is improved. Through chain, crossbeam and the cooperation of first multi-angle probe unit, second multi-angle probe unit, the chain of carrying out makes whole device can make linear movement along the circumferencial direction of welding seam, realizes two sides full detection of xenogenesis structural style pipeline welding seam, simple structure, convenient operation improves work efficiency.
The cross beam can be a telescopic rod, one end of the telescopic rod is connected with the second multi-angle probe device, and the other end of the telescopic rod is connected with the chain or the magnetic type trolley. Set up the crossbeam into the telescopic link, make second multi-angle probe unit can be relative the chain or magnetism inhale the formula dolly and do lateral shifting to can adjust the distance between first multi-angle probe unit and the second multi-angle probe unit. Above-mentioned crossbeam also can be for fixed horizontal pole, and the one end and the second multi-angle probe unit of fixed horizontal pole are connected, and the other end alternate of fixed horizontal pole is inserted in the horizontal pole through-hole on chain or magnetism type dolly and can be followed the horizontal pole through-hole and removed, through the removal of fixed horizontal pole in the horizontal pole through-hole, drives second multi-angle probe unit and can make lateral shifting relative chain or magnetism type dolly to can adjust the distance between first multi-angle probe unit and the second multi-angle probe unit.
As a further preferred scheme of the present invention, the first multi-angle probe apparatus includes a first probe holder, a first hold-down structure and a first multi-angle ultrasonic probe, the first hold-down structure is mounted on the first probe holder, the first multi-angle ultrasonic probe is mounted on the first hold-down structure; the second multi-angle probe device comprises a second probe frame, a second pressing structure and a second multi-angle probe, wherein the second pressing structure is installed on the second probe frame, and the second multi-angle ultrasonic probe is installed on the second pressing structure. The first probe frame is fixedly connected with the chain or the magnetic type trolley, and the second probe frame is connected with the chain or the magnetic type trolley through the cross beam.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, the first downward pressing structure includes two first guide rods, a first torsion spring and a first wedge block, inner ends of the two first guide rods are connected to the first probe holder through the first torsion spring, outer ends of the two first guide rods are connected to the first wedge block, and the first multi-angle probe is mounted on the first wedge block; the second pressing structure comprises two second guide rods, a second torsion spring and a second wedge block, the inner ends of the two second guide rods are connected with the second probe frame through the second torsion spring, the outer ends of the two second guide rods are connected with the second wedge block, and the second multi-angle probe is installed on the second wedge block.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the multi-angle ultrasonic detection method provided by the invention has the advantages that the multi-angle ultrasonic waves are simultaneously transmitted to the welding line, only equidistant linear scanning is carried out, the dependence on different structural types and sizes is reduced, and the positions and sizes of defects in the welding line are quickly identified and calculated according to the algorithm of transmitting and receiving signals of the ultrasonic waves, so that the detection rate of the defects of the welding line is higher, the result is more visual, the quality detection of the welding line of the flange and the elbow is ensured, and the working efficiency and the defect detection capability are greatly improved. In addition, the multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device is simple in structure and reasonable in layout, can break through the limitation of structural forms and space sizes of flanges and elbows, achieves the detection requirements of a single side and two sides, improves the detection rate, avoids the condition of missed detection to the greatest extent, is wide in application range and multiple in implementation mode, and can derive different mechanisms through reasonable combination to achieve the detection requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a single-sided, double-sided, multi-angle ultrasonic inspection of a flange weld;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of single-sided, double-sided, multi-angle ultrasonic inspection of an elbow weld;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the magnetic-type multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first multi-angle probe apparatus and a second multi-angle probe apparatus of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a chain type multi-angle double-side ultrasonic scanning device.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a single-sided, double-sided and multi-angle ultrasonic detection method for a pipe weld of a dissimilar structure type comprises the following steps:
step (1): in simulation software, establishing a to-be-tested pipeline with a flange or an elbow welding seam and a 3D model of two multi-angle ultrasonic probes, namely a simulated to-be-tested pipeline and a simulated ultrasonic probe;
step (2): in simulation software, two simulation ultrasonic probes are respectively placed on two sides of a simulation welding line and are used for simulating sector scanning;
and (3): moving the two simulated ultrasonic probes back and forth until the simulated sound beams of the two simulated ultrasonic probes can completely cover the simulated weld joint at one time, and recording the positions of the two simulated ultrasonic probes on the simulated pipeline to be tested;
and (4): assembling the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes on a multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device according to the positions of the two simulated ultrasonic probes recorded in the step (3), and calibrating sound velocity, delay and sensitivity of the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes;
and (5): the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes of the multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device are respectively positioned at two sides of a welding seam of the pipeline to be detected, linear scanning is carried out at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the pipeline to be detected, and meanwhile welding seam detection data are collected;
and (6): and (5) analyzing the welding line condition of the pipeline to be detected with the flange or elbow welding line according to the welding line detection data collected in the step (5), wherein the welding line condition comprises the identification of welding line defects and the calculation of welding line positions.
The multi-angle ultrasonic probe refers to an ultrasonic probe capable of scanning a sector, for example, an industrial phased array probe, in which a probe array is configured with a plurality of wafers, and a computer controls the delay of transmitting and receiving time to obtain a required sector scanning surface.
The method for identifying the weld defects comprises the following steps: when the multi-angle ultrasonic probe is positioned on the elbow, in an ultrasonic B image generated after detection, an included angle between a connecting line of a multi-angle ultrasonic probe at the intersection point of the front end of the elbow and the midpoint of the upper surface of the elbow and the upper surface of the elbow is used as a rotation angle, and a welding seam is rotated around the midpoint of the upper surface of the elbow, so that the welding seam corresponds to the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe to obtain a sectional view perpendicular to the welding seam; when the multi-angle ultrasonic probe is positioned on the flange, in an ultrasonic B image generated after detection, an included angle between a flange inclined plane and a horizontal plane is used as a rotation angle, a welding line is rotated around an intersection point of the upper surface of the flange and the flange inclined plane, so that the welding line corresponds to the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe to obtain a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the welding line, and when the multi-angle ultrasonic probe is positioned on a straight pipe, the welding line is displayed on the ultrasonic B image according to the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe and the thickness of the flange in a symmetrical mode according to a first primary wave and a second secondary wave.
The calculation of the defect position includes determination of a zero point, a vertical distance and a horizontal distance, and specifically includes the following steps: the vertical distance takes the upper surface of the pipe wall of the straight pipe as a zero point, and is recorded as a positive value when the defect position is below the zero point, and is recorded as a negative value when the defect position is above the zero point; the horizontal distance takes the front edge of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe as a zero point, and is recorded as a positive value when the defect position is in front of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe, and is recorded as a negative value when the defect position is in back of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe. The calculation of the defect position is specifically as follows: determining a sound ray incidence starting point according to the parameters of the flange/bent pipe and the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe by taking the middle point of the upper surface of the flange/bent pipe as the original point of a two-dimensional coordinate system, and then obtaining a linear equation of a primary wave according to the sound ray incidence angle; obtaining a linear equation of the secondary wave according to the law of reflection; and obtaining the coordinate position of the defect point according to the known defect sound path, the linear equation of the primary wave and the linear equation of the secondary wave, wherein the y value of the coordinate is the vertical distance, and the horizontal distance is obtained by adding the x value of the coordinate and the coordinate position of the front edge of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe. The defect sound path is a constant representing the length and can be directly measured according to experiments.
The sound ray incidence starting point, the linear equation of the primary wave and the linear equation of the secondary wave are respectively calculated according to two conditions that the workpiece is a flange and a bent pipe;
as shown in fig. 1, in the case where the workpiece is a flange:
the sound ray incidence starting point is a primary wave starting point position, the welding seam central point of the flange is used as an original point, and the specific positions are as follows:
P1(p1x, p1y) =(rl,-
)；
the primary wave end positions are as follows: p2(P2x, P2y) = (P1x + sin (ang1) × (S + rh), -S);
the slope of the line on which the primary wave lies is: k = tan (ang 1);
the intercept of the line where the primary wave is located is: b = p1 y-k × p1 x;
the linear equation for the primary is: y = k x + b;
the linear equation of the secondary wave obtained according to the law of refraction and the linear equation of the primary wave is as follows: y = k2 × x + b 2;
among the above parameters: rl is the horizontal distance from the incident point to the center of the flange weld joint; rh is the vertical distance between the incident point and the horizontal surface of the pipeline to be measured; hf is the flange height; a is the outer diameter of the pipeline to be measured; cf is the flange thickness; h1 is the normal neck length; k2 is-k; b2 is p2y-k2 × p2 x; ang1 is the angle between the primary sound ray and the vertical direction; s is a defect sound path which is directly measured according to an experiment;
as shown in fig. 2, in the case where the workpiece is a bend:
the sound ray incidence starting point is a primary wave starting point position, the welding seam central point of the elbow is used as an original point, and the specific positions are as follows:
P1(p1x, p1y) = (-rl, rh)；
the slope k = tan (ang1) of the line on which the primary wave lies;
the intercept b = p1 y-k × p1x of the straight line on which the primary wave lies;
the linear equation for the primary is: y = k x + b;
circle of arc of bottom surface of elbow
；
Horizontal position of intersection point of primary wave straight line and arc:
the xx is a larger value, and if xx is less than 0, the primary wave end point is on the circular arc;
the positions of the primary beam endpoints are: p2(P2x, P2y) = (xx, k xx + b);
the linear equation of the secondary wave can be obtained according to the position of the primary wave terminal point and the linear equation of the primary wave, and is as follows:
y= -k*x + p2y-k2*p2x；
among the above parameters: rl is the horizontal distance between the incident point and the center of the welding seam of the elbow; rh is the vertical distance between the incident point and the horizontal surface of the pipeline to be measured; t is the thickness of the pipeline to be measured; c is the gap of the root of the welding seam; k2 is-k; b2 is p2y-k2 × p2 x; ang1 is the angle between the primary sound ray and the vertical direction; ur is the elbow surface radius, ur = Hw/sin (45) -D/2; s is a defect sound path which is directly measured according to an experiment.
In one embodiment:
above-mentioned two side supersound of multi-angle is swept and is looked into device and adopt as figure 3, the formula structure is inhaled to the magnetism shown in figure 4, two side supersound of multi-angle is swept and is looked into the device and including the first multi-angle probe device 1 that is located pipeline welding seam one side, the second multi-angle probe device 2 that is located pipeline welding seam opposite side, inhale formula dolly 3 and encoder 4, first multi-angle probe device 1 distributes with second multi-angle probe device 2 staggers, first multi-angle probe device 1 and magnetism are inhaled formula dolly 3 fixed connection, second multi-angle probe device 2 and magnetism are inhaled and are equipped with crossbeam 5 between the formula dolly 3, second multi-angle probe device 2 is inhaled formula dolly 3 through crossbeam 5 and magnetism and is connected, encoder 4 passes through the elastic component and installs on.
Above-mentioned magnetism is inhaled and is equipped with horizontal pole through-hole 302 on the formula dolly 3, and above-mentioned crossbeam 5 is fixed horizontal pole 5, and the one end and the second multi-angle probe device 2 of fixed horizontal pole 5 are connected, and the other end alternate of fixed horizontal pole 5 is inhaled in the horizontal pole through-hole 302 on the formula dolly 3 and can be followed horizontal pole through-hole 302 and removed. Above-mentioned crossbeam 5 also can be the telescopic link, and the one end and the second multi-angle probe unit 2 of telescopic link are connected, and the other end and the magnetism of telescopic link are inhaled formula dolly 3 and are connected.
As shown in fig. 4, the first multi-angle probe apparatus 1 includes a first probe holder 101, a first hold-down structure 102, and a first multi-angle probe 103, the first probe holder 101 is fixedly connected to the magnetic-type trolley 3, the first hold-down structure 102 is mounted on the first probe holder 101, and the first multi-angle probe 103 is mounted on the first hold-down structure 102; the second multi-angle probe device 2 comprises a second probe frame 201, a second downward pressing structure 202 and a second multi-angle probe 203, the second probe frame 201 is connected with the magnetic type trolley 3 through the crossbeam 5, the second downward pressing structure 202 is installed on the second probe frame 201, and the second multi-angle probe 203 is installed on the second downward pressing structure 202.
As shown in fig. 4, the first depressing structure 102 includes two first guide rods 1021, a first torsion spring (not shown in fig. 4), and a first wedge 1022, inner ends of the two first guide rods 1021 are connected to the first probe holder 101 via the first torsion spring, outer ends of the two first guide rods 1021 are connected to the first wedge 1022, and the first multi-angle probe 103 is mounted on the first wedge 1022; the second push-down structure 202 includes two second guide bars 2021, a second torsion spring (not shown in fig. 4) and a second wedge 2022, inner ends of the two second guide bars 2021 are connected to the second probe holder 201 via the second torsion spring, outer ends of the two second guide bars 2021 are connected to the second wedge 2022, and the second multi-angle probe 203 is mounted on the second wedge 2022.
In another embodiment:
the multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device adopts a chain type structure as shown in figure 5, and comprises a first multi-angle probe device 1 positioned on one side of a pipeline welding seam, a second multi-angle probe device 2 positioned on the other side of the pipeline welding seam, chain 3 and encoder 4, the head end of chain 3 is equipped with the elasticity drag hook, the end of chain 3 be equipped with elasticity drag hook complex buckle, the head end and the end of chain 3 can be connected and form annular chain, be equipped with a plurality of sprocket 301 on chain 3, first multi-angle probe device 1 distributes with second multi-angle probe device 2 staggers, first multi-angle probe device 1 and 3 fixed connection of chain, be equipped with crossbeam 5 between second multi-angle probe device 2 and the chain 3, second multi-angle probe device 2 passes through crossbeam 5 and is connected with chain 3, encoder 4 passes through the elastic component and installs on one of them sprocket 301 of chain 3. Tightly cover above-mentioned chain 3 at the surface of straight tube 100, first multi-angle probe device 1 is located straight tube side 100, second multi-angle probe device 2 is located flange side or elbow side 200, it makes linear movement along the circumferencial direction of welding seam 300 to carry out chain 3 through crossbeam 5 or other modes, encoder 4 record sprocket 301's removal information simultaneously, chain 3 drives first multi-angle probe device 1, second multi-angle probe device 2 makes linear movement along the circumferencial direction of welding seam 300, thereby realize first multi-angle probe device 1, second multi-angle probe device 2 carries out equidistant linear scanning respectively in the circumferencial direction of welding seam 300 in the both sides of pipeline welding seam 300, satisfy the two-sided full detection requirement of different structural style pipeline welding seams, and the work efficiency is improved.
In addition, it should be noted that the names of the parts and the like of the embodiments described in the present specification may be different, and the equivalent or simple change of the structure, the characteristics and the principle described in the present patent idea is included in the protection scope of the present patent. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (8)
1. The single-side double-side multi-angle ultrasonic detection method for the welding seam of the pipeline with the different structural types is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): in simulation software, establishing a to-be-tested pipeline with a flange or an elbow welding seam and a 3D model of two multi-angle ultrasonic probes, namely a simulated to-be-tested pipeline and a simulated ultrasonic probe;
step (2): in simulation software, two simulation ultrasonic probes are respectively placed on two sides of a simulation welding line and are used for simulating sector scanning;
and (3): moving the two simulated ultrasonic probes back and forth until the simulated sound beams of the two simulated ultrasonic probes can completely cover the simulated weld joint at one time, and recording the positions of the two simulated ultrasonic probes on the simulated pipeline to be tested;
and (4): assembling the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes on a multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device according to the positions of the two simulated ultrasonic probes recorded in the step (3), wherein the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes are distributed in a staggered manner; wherein, the two side supersound scanning device of multi-angle's concrete structure is as follows:
the multi-angle double-side ultrasonic scanning device comprises a first multi-angle probe device, a second multi-angle probe device, a magnetic type trolley and an encoder, wherein the first multi-angle probe device is positioned on one side of a welding seam, the second multi-angle probe device is positioned on the other side of the welding seam, the first multi-angle probe device and the second multi-angle probe device are distributed in a staggered mode, the first multi-angle probe device is fixedly connected with the magnetic type trolley, a cross beam is arranged between the second multi-angle probe device and the magnetic type trolley, the second multi-angle probe device is connected with the magnetic type trolley through the cross beam;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the multi-angle double-side ultrasonic scanning device comprises a first multi-angle probe device positioned on one side of a welding seam, a second multi-angle probe device positioned on the other side of the welding seam of a pipeline, a chain and an encoder, wherein an elastic drag hook is arranged at the head end of the chain, a buckle matched with the elastic drag hook is arranged at the tail end of the chain, the head end and the tail end of the chain can be connected to form an annular chain, a plurality of chain wheels are arranged on the chain, the first multi-angle probe device and the second multi-angle probe device are distributed in a staggered mode, the first multi-angle probe device is fixedly connected with the chain, a cross beam is arranged between the second multi-angle probe device and the chain, the second multi-angle probe;
and (5): the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes of the multi-angle bilateral ultrasonic scanning device are respectively positioned at two sides of a welding seam of the pipeline to be detected, linear scanning is carried out at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the pipeline to be detected, and meanwhile welding seam detection data are collected;
and (6): and (5) analyzing the welding line condition of the pipeline to be detected with the flange or elbow welding line according to the welding line detection data collected in the step (5).
2. The method for ultrasonic testing of the weld seam of the pipeline with the different structural types according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: and (4) calibrating sound velocity, delay and sensitivity of the two multi-angle ultrasonic probes.
3. The method for ultrasonic testing of the weld seam of the pipeline with the different structural types according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in the step (6), analyzing the welding line condition of the pipeline to be detected with the flange or elbow welding line comprises identifying the welding line defect and calculating the welding line position.
4. The single-sided double-sided multi-angle ultrasonic testing method of the dissimilar structure type pipeline welding seam according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method for identifying the weld defects comprises the following steps: when the multi-angle ultrasonic probe is positioned on the elbow, in an ultrasonic B image generated after detection, an included angle between a connecting line of a multi-angle ultrasonic probe at the intersection point of the front end of the elbow and the midpoint of the upper surface of the elbow and the upper surface of the elbow is used as a rotation angle, and a welding seam is rotated around the midpoint of the upper surface of the elbow, so that the welding seam corresponds to the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe to obtain a sectional view perpendicular to the welding seam; when the multi-angle ultrasonic probe is positioned on the flange, in an ultrasonic B image generated after detection, an included angle between a flange inclined plane and a horizontal plane is used as a rotation angle, a welding line is rotated around an intersection point of the upper surface of the flange and the flange inclined plane, so that the welding line corresponds to the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe to obtain a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the welding line, and when the multi-angle ultrasonic probe is positioned on a straight pipe, the welding line is displayed on the ultrasonic B image according to the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe and the thickness of the flange in a symmetrical mode according to a first primary wave and a second secondary wave.
5. The single-sided double-sided multi-angle ultrasonic testing method of the dissimilar structure type pipeline welding seam according to claim 3, characterized in that: the calculation of the defect position comprises determination of a zero point, a vertical distance and a horizontal distance, and specifically comprises the following steps: the vertical distance takes the upper surface of the pipe wall of the straight pipe as a zero point, and is recorded as a positive value when the defect position is below the zero point, and is recorded as a negative value when the defect position is above the zero point; the horizontal distance takes the front edge of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe as a zero point, and is recorded as a positive value when the defect position is in front of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe, and is recorded as a negative value when the defect position is in back of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe.
6. The method for ultrasonic testing of the weld seam of the pipeline with the different structural types according to claim 5, which comprises the following steps: the calculation of the defect position is specifically as follows: determining a sound ray incidence starting point according to the parameters of the flange/bent pipe and the position of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe by taking the middle point of the upper surface of the flange/bent pipe as the original point of a two-dimensional coordinate system, and then obtaining a linear equation of a primary wave according to the sound ray incidence angle; obtaining a linear equation of the secondary wave according to the law of reflection; and obtaining the coordinate position of the defect point according to the known defect sound path, the linear equation of the primary wave and the linear equation of the secondary wave, wherein the y value of the coordinate is the vertical distance, and the horizontal distance is obtained by adding the x value of the coordinate and the coordinate position of the front edge of the multi-angle ultrasonic probe.
7. The method for ultrasonic testing of the weld seam of the pipeline with the different structural types according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the first multi-angle probe device comprises a first probe frame, a first downward pressing structure and a first multi-angle ultrasonic probe, wherein the first downward pressing structure is arranged on the first probe frame, and the first multi-angle ultrasonic probe is arranged on the first downward pressing structure; the second multi-angle probe device comprises a second probe frame, a second pressing structure and a second multi-angle probe, wherein the second pressing structure is installed on the second probe frame, and the second multi-angle ultrasonic probe is installed on the second pressing structure.
8. The single-sided double-sided multi-angle ultrasonic testing method of the dissimilar structure type pipeline weld joint according to claim 7, characterized in that: the first downward pressing structure comprises two first guide rods, a first torsion spring and a first wedge block, the inner ends of the two first guide rods are connected with the first probe frame through the first torsion spring, the outer ends of the two first guide rods are connected with the first wedge block, and the first multi-angle probe is installed on the first wedge block; the second pressing structure comprises two second guide rods, a second torsion spring and a second wedge block, the inner ends of the two second guide rods are connected with the second probe frame through the second torsion spring, the outer ends of the two second guide rods are connected with the second wedge block, and the second multi-angle probe is installed on the second wedge block.
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| CN111239251B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2023-04-28 | 国网吉林省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Ultrasonic detection method for defects of welding positions of wall penetrating pipes of peak shaving unit |
| CN111595946B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2022-09-23 | 中国人民解放军陆军炮兵防空兵学院 | Body wave weighting combined imaging detection method and device for body pipe curved surface electromagnetic ultrasonic variable incidence angle |
| CN111912909B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-10-04 | 南通大学 | Rail bottom defect analysis method for steel rail |
| CN112163342A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-01 | 汕头市超声检测科技有限公司 | Workpiece internal ultrasonic sound ray path simulation algorithm |
| CN112762273B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-07-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Special-shaped B-shaped sleeve for repairing oil and gas conveying pipeline bent pipe defects and machining method thereof |
| CN112881520B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-07-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Underground pipeline defect positioning method based on wavelet transform mode maximum value method |
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