CN108485736A - 一种汽油抗爆剂 - Google Patents
一种汽油抗爆剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108485736A CN108485736A CN201810372717.7A CN201810372717A CN108485736A CN 108485736 A CN108485736 A CN 108485736A CN 201810372717 A CN201810372717 A CN 201810372717A CN 108485736 A CN108485736 A CN 108485736A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- stirred
- mass ratio
- take
- knock agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ZVHAANQOQZVVFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCO ZVHAANQOQZVVFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910004664 Cerium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical class [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005909 ethyl alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003747 fuel oil additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 isooctyl Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyllead Chemical compound C[Pb](C)(C)C XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L1/106—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives mixtures of inorganic compounds with organic macromolecular compounds
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- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
- C10L1/1832—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
- C10L1/1835—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom having at least two hydroxy substituted non condensed benzene rings
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种汽油抗爆剂，属于燃油添加剂技术领域。本发明以对苯二酚、甲基丙烯酸、异庚醇等为原料，先进行酯化反应，再加入甲醇、甲醇钠，采用二步反应合成聚合物，含氧化合物添加到汽油中，着火速度快，燃烧后污染程度较轻，其中所含氧原子也可参与燃烧，和焰前反应的活性物质反应，改变反应的路径，延长反应的诱导期，使抗爆组分起着反催化剂的作用，在燃烧室内火焰前锋到达之前，抑制烃类燃料的自燃，改善燃烧过程，降低未燃烧HC排放量，使汽油的燃烧热值有所降低，冰点及氧含量升高，对汽油的馏程、饱和蒸汽压及水溶性基本上没有影响。本发明解决了目前汽油抗爆剂污染大、不环保，不能有效提高车用油品质量的问题。
Description
技术领域
发明属于燃油添加剂技术领域，具体涉及一种汽油抗爆剂。
背景技术
汽油抗爆剂，属于燃油添加剂技术领域的产品之一。车用汽油品级的重要指标是汽油的辛烷值。当汽油辛烷值低下时，将导致发动机内油气混合气燃烧不同步，即造成在发动机燃烧过程中 发生两次或多次不同步爆发燃烧的异常燃烧，在汽缸内部因剧烈的气 体震动发出碰撞敲击声响，即发生汽油发动机的“爆震燃烧”现象，简称爆震，业内俗称“敲缸”或“气门响”。显然，爆震是不良油品的一种不正常燃烧现象，它不仅降低发动机的性能，而且会对发动机机件造成损坏和早期失效。而汽油抗爆剂又称辛烷值提升剂。是一类用于提高辛烷值，以防止或减轻汽油在引擎内燃烧时产生的爆震的高分子聚合物。其中，烷基铅在早些年开始成为广泛使用的抗爆剂，此外，四甲基铅、四乙基铅及其混合物也常被使用。但这类含铅的抗爆剂，会使汽车排放出污染空气的有害气体，因此在无铅汽油中，改使用其他类的防爆剂，如甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰（MMT）等锰化合物的抗爆剂。
抗爆剂的作用有：提高汽油辛烷值；提高汽车动力性、降低油耗；减少汽车尾气中污染物排放；此外，抗爆剂还对汽车废气催化转化器的磷中毒有改善作用，因此使用抗爆剂的燃料能延长催化剂的寿命，使催化剂保持高的转化率，从而更有效地转化有害气体，减少污染物排放。
目前，市场上有多种不同类型的汽油抗爆剂产品，大多存在污染大、不环保，不能有效提高车用油品质量的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题：针对目前汽油抗爆剂污染大、不环保，不能有效提高车用油品质量的问题，提供一种汽油抗爆剂。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是：
一种汽油抗爆剂，按重量份数计包括如下组分，6~9份2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚、10~15份二甲苯、5~8份丁二酰亚胺，其特征在于，还包括100~150份抗爆剂基料、40~50份抗爆剂添加物；
所述抗爆剂基料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）按质量份数计，取4~8份对苯二酚、10~15份甲基丙烯酸、3~5份对甲苯磺酸、50~70份甲苯、20~40份异庚醇，升温至90~100℃搅拌混合，减压蒸馏，抽滤，取滤渣经蒸馏水洗涤，干燥，得干燥物；
（2）取甲醇按质量比10：1加入甲醇钠，于40~50℃搅拌混合，得搅拌混合物，取搅拌混合物按质量比10：5：1加入干燥物、对苯二酚，升温至70~80℃搅拌反应，减压蒸馏，得减压蒸馏物；
（3）取氢氧化锂按质量比2：5加入月桂酸，于70~90℃搅拌混合，调节pH至7~8，冷却至室温，得冷却物按质量比1：5加入甲苯搅拌混合，过滤，取滤液减压蒸馏，干燥，得干燥物A，取干燥物A按质量比2：3加入减压蒸馏物，即得抗爆剂基料；
所述抗爆剂添加物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
A.取三氯化铈按质量比5：3：10加入尿素、去离子水，于50~60℃搅拌混合，离心，取沉淀经去离子水、无水乙醇洗涤，取洗涤物于400~450℃煅烧，取煅烧物研磨粉碎，过200目筛，收集过筛颗粒，取过筛颗粒按质量比5：15：7加入油酸、氨水，于40~50℃搅拌混合，静置，过滤，取滤渣A；
B.按质量份数计，取1~3份硝酸锆、2~4份硝酸钴、1~3份硝酸锰、1~3份硝酸铜、30~40份滤渣A、100~120份去离子水、40~60份无水乙醇，搅拌混合，得混合物，取混合物按质量比10：6：15加入柠檬酸、乙二醇，搅拌混合，陈化10~12h，旋转蒸发，再于90~100℃膨化，得膨化物，取膨化物按质量比100：1加入硫酸，于400~500℃焙烧，冷却至室温，即得抗爆剂添加物。
本发明与其他方法相比，有益技术效果是：
（1）本发明以对苯二酚、甲基丙烯酸、异庚醇等为原料，先进行酯化反应，再加入甲醇、甲醇钠，采用二步反应合成聚合物，含氧化合物添加到汽油中，着火速度快，燃烧后污染程度较轻，其中所含氧原子也可参与燃烧，和焰前反应的活性物质反应，改变反应的路径，延长反应的诱导期，使抗爆组分起着反催化剂的作用，在燃烧室内火焰前锋到达之前，抑制烃类燃料的自燃，改善燃烧过程，降低未燃烧 HC排放量，使汽油的燃烧热值有所降低，冰点及氧含量升高，对汽油的馏程、饱和蒸汽压及水溶性基本上没有影响；
（2）本发明在抗爆基料中加入氢氧化锂溶液与异辛酸反应生成盐类物质，其为含碱金属的有机抗爆剂，油品中的烃类分子于其形成配合物，当温度低于某一值时，金属和烃类分子形成配合物，阻止了烃和氧生成过氧化物的反应，使过氧化物浓度降低，分解成甲醛的浓度也降低，使冷焰的强度减弱，温度高于某一值时，金属使烃类分解，生成活性自由基，氧与烃结合，促使反应速度加快，火焰传播速度加快，火焰传播到位，提高了油品的辛烷值，达到抑制爆震的作用；
（2）本发明以三氯化铈、尿素为原料，生成二氧化铈，其具有萤石秸秆的面心立方体，其中Ce4+作为晶格的中心例子，其中的两个氧离子呈V型排列，其具有较强的储氧和释氧能力，将其作为载体加入硝酸锆、硝酸钴等与柠檬酸、乙二醇生成的过渡金属氧化物利用溶胶凝胶法制备成了混合型的氧化物催化添加剂加入油品，增大催化剂颗粒的比表面积后提高了催化剂的抗烧结性能，同时也可以增加晶体中活性组分的分散度，其均匀的粒度分布还可以提高在燃油中催化效能的稳定性，其可以使得燃油燃烧后产生的一氧化碳、一氧化氮、碳烟等被氧化，消除了燃油燃烧的有害物质的产生，减轻了对环境的污染，提高了油品质量。
具体实施方式
抗爆剂基料：（1）按质量份数计，取4~8份对苯二酚、10~15份甲基丙烯酸、3~5份对甲苯磺酸、50~70份甲苯、20~40份异庚醇，升温至90~100℃搅拌混合4~5h，减压蒸馏，抽滤，取滤渣经蒸馏水洗涤，干燥，得干燥物；
（2）取甲醇按质量比10：1加入甲醇钠，于40~50℃搅拌混合30~40min，得搅拌混合物，取搅拌混合物按质量比10：5：1加入干燥物、对苯二酚，升温至70~80℃搅拌反应3~4h，减压蒸馏，得减压蒸馏物；
（3）取氢氧化锂按质量比2：5加入月桂酸，于70~90℃搅拌混合3~5h，调节pH至7~8，冷却至室温，得冷却物按质量比1：5加入甲苯搅拌混合，过滤，取滤液减压蒸馏，干燥，得干燥物A，取干燥物A按质量比2：3加入减压蒸馏物，即得抗爆剂基料。
抗爆剂添加物：A.取三氯化铈按质量比5：3：10加入尿素、去离子水，于50~60℃搅拌混合2~3h，离心，取沉淀经去离子水、无水乙醇洗涤，取洗涤物于400~450℃煅烧2~3h，取煅烧物研磨粉碎，过200目筛，收集过筛颗粒，取过筛颗粒按质量比5：15：7加入油酸、质量分数为25%的氨水，于40~50℃搅拌混合2~3h，静置8~10h，过滤，取滤渣A；
B.按质量份数计，取1~3份硝酸锆、2~4份硝酸钴、1~3份硝酸锰、1~3份硝酸铜、30~40份滤渣A、100~120份去离子水、40~60份无水乙醇，搅拌混合1~2h，得混合物，取混合物按质量比10：6：15加入柠檬酸、乙二醇，搅拌混合3~5h，陈化10~12h，旋转蒸发，再于90~100℃膨化5~7h，得膨化物，取膨化物按质量比100：1加入质量分数为80%的硫酸，于400~500℃焙烧1~2h，冷却至室温，即得抗爆剂添加物。
一种燃油抗爆剂，按质量份数计，包括100~150份抗爆剂基料、40~50份抗爆剂添加物、6~9份2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚、10~15份二甲苯、5~8份丁二酰亚胺。
实施例1
抗爆剂基料：（1）按质量份数计，取4份对苯二酚、10份甲基丙烯酸、3份对甲苯磺酸、50份甲苯、20份异庚醇，升温至90℃搅拌混合4h，减压蒸馏，抽滤，取滤渣经蒸馏水洗涤，干燥，得干燥物；
（2）取甲醇按质量比10：1加入甲醇钠，于40℃搅拌混合30min，得搅拌混合物，取搅拌混合物按质量比10：5：1加入干燥物、对苯二酚，升温至70℃搅拌反应3h，减压蒸馏，得减压蒸馏物；
（3）取氢氧化锂按质量比2：5加入月桂酸，于70℃搅拌混合3h，调节pH至7，冷却至室温，得冷却物按质量比1：5加入甲苯搅拌混合，过滤，取滤液减压蒸馏，干燥，得干燥物A，取干燥物A按质量比2：3加入减压蒸馏物，即得抗爆剂基料。
抗爆剂添加物：A.取三氯化铈按质量比5：3：10加入尿素、去离子水，于50℃搅拌混合2h，离心，取沉淀经去离子水、无水乙醇洗涤，取洗涤物于400℃煅烧2h，取煅烧物研磨粉碎，过200目筛，收集过筛颗粒，取过筛颗粒按质量比5：15：7加入油酸、质量分数为25%的氨水，于40℃搅拌混合2h，静置8h，过滤，取滤渣A；
B.按质量份数计，取1份硝酸锆、2份硝酸钴、1份硝酸锰、1份硝酸铜、30份滤渣A、100份去离子水、40份无水乙醇，搅拌混合1h，得混合物，取混合物按质量比10：6：15加入柠檬酸、乙二醇，搅拌混合3h，陈化10h，旋转蒸发，再于90℃膨化5h，得膨化物，取膨化物按质量比100：1加入质量分数为80%的硫酸，于400℃焙烧1h，冷却至室温，即得抗爆剂添加物。
一种燃油抗爆剂，按质量份数计，包括100份抗爆剂基料、40份抗爆剂添加物、6份2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚、10份二甲苯、5份丁二酰亚胺。
实施例2
抗爆剂基料：（1）按质量份数计，取8份对苯二酚、15份甲基丙烯酸、5份对甲苯磺酸、70份甲苯、40份异庚醇，升温至100℃搅拌混合5h，减压蒸馏，抽滤，取滤渣经蒸馏水洗涤，干燥，得干燥物；
（2）取甲醇按质量比10：1加入甲醇钠，于50℃搅拌混合40min，得搅拌混合物，取搅拌混合物按质量比10：5：1加入干燥物、对苯二酚，升温至80℃搅拌反应4h，减压蒸馏，得减压蒸馏物；
（3）取氢氧化锂按质量比2：5加入月桂酸，于90℃搅拌混合5h，调节pH至8，冷却至室温，得冷却物按质量比1：5加入甲苯搅拌混合，过滤，取滤液减压蒸馏，干燥，得干燥物A，取干燥物A按质量比2：3加入减压蒸馏物，即得抗爆剂基料。
抗爆剂添加物：A.取三氯化铈按质量比5：3：10加入尿素、去离子水，于60℃搅拌混合3h，离心，取沉淀经去离子水、无水乙醇洗涤，取洗涤物于450℃煅烧3h，取煅烧物研磨粉碎，过200目筛，收集过筛颗粒，取过筛颗粒按质量比5：15：7加入油酸、质量分数为25%的氨水，于50℃搅拌混合3h，静置10h，过滤，取滤渣A；
B.按质量份数计，取3份硝酸锆、4份硝酸钴、3份硝酸锰、3份硝酸铜、40份滤渣A、120份去离子水、60份无水乙醇，搅拌混合2h，得混合物，取混合物按质量比10：6：15加入柠檬酸、乙二醇，搅拌混合5h，陈化12h，旋转蒸发，再于100℃膨化7h，得膨化物，取膨化物按质量比100：1加入质量分数为80%的硫酸，于500℃焙烧2h，冷却至室温，即得抗爆剂添加物。
一种燃油抗爆剂，按质量份数计，包括150份抗爆剂基料、50份抗爆剂添加物、9份2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚、15份二甲苯、8份丁二酰亚胺。
实施例3
抗爆剂基料：（1）按质量份数计，取6份对苯二酚、12.5份甲基丙烯酸、4份对甲苯磺酸、60份甲苯、30份异庚醇，升温至95℃搅拌混合4.5h，减压蒸馏，抽滤，取滤渣经蒸馏水洗涤，干燥，得干燥物；
（2）取甲醇按质量比10：1加入甲醇钠，于45℃搅拌混合35min，得搅拌混合物，取搅拌混合物按质量比10：5：1加入干燥物、对苯二酚，升温至75℃搅拌反应3.5h，减压蒸馏，得减压蒸馏物；
（3）取氢氧化锂按质量比2：5加入月桂酸，于80℃搅拌混合4h，调节pH至7.5，冷却至室温，得冷却物按质量比1：5加入甲苯搅拌混合，过滤，取滤液减压蒸馏，干燥，得干燥物A，取干燥物A按质量比2：3加入减压蒸馏物，即得抗爆剂基料。
抗爆剂添加物：A.取三氯化铈按质量比5：3：10加入尿素、去离子水，于55℃搅拌混合2.5h，离心，取沉淀经去离子水、无水乙醇洗涤，取洗涤物于425℃煅烧2.5h，取煅烧物研磨粉碎，过200目筛，收集过筛颗粒，取过筛颗粒按质量比5：15：7加入油酸、质量分数为25%的氨水，于45℃搅拌混合2.5h，静置9h，过滤，取滤渣A；
B.按质量份数计，取2份硝酸锆、3份硝酸钴、2份硝酸锰、2份硝酸铜、35份滤渣A、110份去离子水、50份无水乙醇，搅拌混合1.5h，得混合物，取混合物按质量比10：6：15加入柠檬酸、乙二醇，搅拌混合4h，陈化11h，旋转蒸发，再于95℃膨化6h，得膨化物，取膨化物按质量比100：1加入质量分数为80%的硫酸，于450℃焙烧1.5h，冷却至室温，即得抗爆剂添加物。
一种燃油抗爆剂，按质量份数计，包括125份抗爆剂基料、45份抗爆剂添加物、7.5份2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚、12.5份二甲苯、6.5份丁二酰亚胺。
对比例1
与实施例2的制备方法基本相同，唯有不同的是缺少抗爆剂基料。
对比例2
与实施例2的制备方法基本相同，唯有不同的是缺少抗爆剂添加物。
对比例3：西安市某公司生产的汽油抗爆剂。
对实施例1~3制得的汽油抗爆剂和对比例1-3的汽油抗爆剂进行性能检测，以92号汽油基础油质量为基准，按0.5%的添加量分别将对实施例1~3制得的汽油抗爆剂和对比例1~3的汽油抗爆剂进行性能检测，其检测结果如表1：
表1：
综合上述，本发明的汽油抗爆剂抗爆性能好，且对环境无二次污染，各项性能表现优异，值得推广使用。
Claims (1)
1.一种汽油抗爆剂，按重量份数计包括如下组分，6~9份2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚、10~15份二甲苯、5~8份丁二酰亚胺，其特征在于，还包括100~150份抗爆剂基料、40~50份抗爆剂添加物；
所述抗爆剂基料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）按质量份数计，取4~8份对苯二酚、10~15份甲基丙烯酸、3~5份对甲苯磺酸、50~70份甲苯、20~40份异庚醇，升温至90~100℃搅拌混合，减压蒸馏，抽滤，取滤渣经蒸馏水洗涤，干燥，得干燥物；
取甲醇按质量比10：1加入甲醇钠，于40~50℃搅拌混合，得搅拌混合物，取搅拌混合物按质量比10：5：1加入干燥物、对苯二酚，升温至70~80℃搅拌反应，减压蒸馏，得减压蒸馏物；
取氢氧化锂按质量比2：5加入月桂酸，于70~90℃搅拌混合，调节pH至7~8，冷却至室温，得冷却物按质量比1：5加入甲苯搅拌混合，过滤，取滤液减压蒸馏，干燥，得干燥物A，取干燥物A按质量比2：3加入减压蒸馏物，即得抗爆剂基料；
所述抗爆剂添加物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
A.取三氯化铈按质量比5：3：10加入尿素、去离子水，于50~60℃搅拌混合，离心，取沉淀经去离子水、无水乙醇洗涤，取洗涤物于400~450℃煅烧，取煅烧物研磨粉碎，过200目筛，收集过筛颗粒，取过筛颗粒按质量比5：15：7加入油酸、氨水，于40~50℃搅拌混合，静置，过滤，取滤渣A；
B.按质量份数计，取1~3份硝酸锆、2~4份硝酸钴、1~3份硝酸锰、1~3份硝酸铜、30~40份滤渣A、100~120份去离子水、40~60份无水乙醇，搅拌混合，得混合物，取混合物按质量比10：6：15加入柠檬酸、乙二醇，搅拌混合，陈化10~12h，旋转蒸发，再于90~100℃膨化，得膨化物，取膨化物按质量比100：1加入硫酸，于400~500℃焙烧，冷却至室温，即得抗爆剂添加物。
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