CN108485661A - 一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属荧光纳米材料技术领域,为解决目前荧光碳量子点的产率较低、识别响应的灵敏度和抗干扰能力差、反应条件复杂等问题,提供一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法及其应用。以玉米和二亚甲基三胺DETA为原料,采用微波加热方法一步合成荧光碳量子点,原料价廉易得,碳点制备过程方法简单,绿色环保,可大量合成生产;粒径小,3‑5nm之间,尺寸均一,稳定分散在水中,无团聚现象;具有优良的荧光性质,荧光量子产率较高;优良的稳定性,在不同的离子浓度、pH值、光辐照时间下性能稳定;对Cr(VI)和AA检测的选择性高,重现性好,灵敏度高,可快速准确地检测待测液中Cr(VI)和AA的含量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光纳米材料技术领域,具体涉及一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
铬(Cr)是人体必要的微量元素,在自然界中分布广泛,在环境中多以Cr(III)、Cr(VI)存在,其毒性与价态和浓度有关。Cr(III)在一定浓度范围内对人体有益,但当其浓度过高时也会对生命机体产生危害。Cr(VI)是一种重要的环境污染物,其毒性比Cr(III)高100倍,同时,Cr(VI)很容易被人体吸收,能刺激和灼烧黏膜及皮肤而致溃疡。
抗坏血酸(AA),又名维生素C,是维持人体健康不可缺少的维生素。研究发现缺乏抗坏血酸会造成坏血病和免疫力低下等多种疾病,其不仅具有广泛的生理功能,使机体增强抵抗能力,而且在食品工业上常用作抗氧化剂、酸味剂及强化剂。因此寻找一种成本低,高灵敏性传感器检测Cr(VI)和抗坏血酸十分重要。
到目前为止,检测Cr(VI)的常用方法有:活性炭吸附法,AFS法,比色法,生物还原法,CV法,HPLC法等。检测抗坏血酸常用的方法有:酶分析法、电化学分析法、色谱分析法及荧光分析法等。然而这些方法中存在设备昂贵,样品预处理复杂以及操作不简便快捷等缺点。与这些方法相比较,荧光法由于成本低,操作简单,灵敏度高、可实时检测、对样品基本无损伤等优点而具有广阔的应用前景。
碳量子点作为一种新型荧光纳米材料,由于其具备发光范围可调、易于实现表面功能化、光稳定性好、无毒和生物相容性好等优点,一经发现就引起了人们极大的研究兴趣,在细胞成像、生物标记、分析监测、药物传递、光电转换以及催化等领域表现出了良好的应用前景。与传统半导体量子点相比,荧光碳量子点可通过一步法大规模合成,合成原料廉价易得,省时高效,并且能克服传统量子点带来的重金属泄露、毒性大、环境污染严重等问题,这使碳量子点成为传统量子点的理想替代者。
然而碳量子点的荧光量子产率较低,如何通过经济、便捷的方法制备得到高量子产率的荧光碳量子点仍然需要进行更加深入地研究。碳量子点在荧光检测方面的应用还处于起步阶段,识别响应的灵敏度和抗干扰能力仍需进一步提高。此外,优化碳量子点的制备工艺,采用绿色、便捷的方法制备具有良好物理、光学性质的碳量子点也是进一步解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明为了解决目前荧光碳量子点的产率较低、识别响应的灵敏度和抗干扰能力差、反应条件复杂等问题,提供了一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法及其应用,获得的荧光碳量子点在Cr(VI)和抗坏血酸即AA的检测中应用。
本发明由如下技术方案实现的:一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法,以玉米和二亚甲基三胺DETA为原料,采用微波加热方法一步合成荧光碳量子点,具体步骤如下:
(1)玉米粉碎成粒径小于1mm的玉米面,取0.1-0.5 g玉米面和0.05-0.5 g的DETA混合,加入1 mL去离子水使玉米面和DETA充分溶解;
(2)将步骤(1)获得的溶液微波加热5-30min,微波功率为119-700W,获得淡黄色溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的淡黄色溶液以40 KHz超声6 min,10000 rpm离心10 min除去大颗粒杂质,装入截留分子量为500的醋酸纤维素管中透析3天除去未反应的小分子,最终得到碳量子点水溶液,冻干后储存。
所述玉米面和DETA的质量比优选为5:2。所述微波功率优选为700 W,时间为20min。
采用上述荧光碳量子点的制备方法所制备的荧光碳量子点在Cr(VI)检测中的应用,检测方法为:所制备的荧光碳量子点配制成10mg/mL的水溶液,然后加入不同浓度的Cr(VI)标准溶液,以420 nm为激发波长,测定其荧光光谱,获得荧光强度与Cr(VI)的浓度的线性关系,然后在10mg/mL的荧光碳量子点水溶液中加入待检测样品,通过荧光强度的变化定量检测待测样品中Cr(VI)的浓度。
采用上述一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法所制备的荧光碳量子点在抗坏血酸即AA检测中的应用,检测方法为:所制备的荧光碳量子点配制成10mg/mL的水溶液,加入Cr(VI)使水溶液中Cr(VI)的浓度为575 μmol/L,然后加入不同浓度的抗坏血酸标准溶液,以420nm为激发波长,测定其荧光光谱,获得荧光强度与抗坏血酸的浓度的线性关系,然后在含有Cr(VI)的荧光碳量子点水溶液中加入待检测样品,通过荧光强度的变化定量检测待测样品中抗坏血酸的浓度。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果:本发明所制备的碳量子点采用玉米为碳前驱体,其原料价廉易得,碳点制备过程方法简单,绿色环保,可大量合成生产;该荧光碳量子点的粒径小,可以控制在3-5 nm之间,尺寸均一,可以稳定分散在水中,无团聚现象;合成的荧光碳量子点具有优良的荧光性质,荧光量子产率较高;碳量子点的荧光性质具有优良的稳定性,在不同的离子浓度(NaCl溶液中0-500 mmol/L)、pH值(pH=3-11)、光辐照时间(0-60min)下性能稳定,这是其应用于生物检测、化学传感、光电器件等领域的基础;该碳量子点作为检测Cr(VI)和AA的荧光探针,对Cr(VI)和AA检测的选择性高,重现性好,灵敏度高,可以快速准确地检测待测液中Cr(VI)和AA的含量。
附图说明
图1为实施例1碳量子点的透射电子显微镜图;图2为实施例1碳量子点的紫外吸收光谱及荧光激发和发射光谱图;图3为实施例1碳量子点在不同浓度NaCl溶液(0-500 mM)中的荧光强度;图4为实施例1碳量子点在不同pH值(pH=3-11)的缓冲溶液中的荧光强度;图5为实施例1碳量子点连续紫外灯辐照60分钟的动力学实验;图6为实施例1碳量子点对Cr(VI)响应的工作曲线;图7为实施例1碳量子点对AA响应的工作曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1:将玉米置于微粉机中获得粒径小于1 mm的玉米面,称取0.25 g玉米面,0.1 g DETA,向其中加入1 mL去离子水溶解。微波加热20 min,功率为700 W,得到淡黄色溶液。对其进行超声处理,离心除去大颗粒杂质,透析除去未反应的小分子,最终得到碳量子点水溶液,冻干后储存。
将该荧光碳量子点配制成10 mg/mL的水溶液,滴于附有碳膜的铜网上,真空干燥后进行测试,测得碳量子点水溶液的平均粒径为4±0.5 nm,粒径分布均匀,如图1所示。并测定其紫外吸收光谱及荧光激发和发射光谱,如图2所示,该碳量子点的最大荧光激发峰和发射峰分别为420 nm和 502 nm,呈现强烈的绿色荧光,量子产率为16.8%。
考察该荧光碳量子点在不同的离子浓度(NaCl溶液中0-500 mmol/L)、不同pH值(pH=3-11)溶液中的荧光强度,结果如图3和图4所示。该荧光碳量子点在0-500 mmol/L 的NaCl溶液中及在pH 3至pH 11的缓冲溶液中的荧光强度均比较稳定,且均能保持在90%以上。
此外,在荧光光谱仪中以420 nm为激发波长,检测其60分钟内在502 nm处的发光强度稳定性,如图5所示,60分钟后荧光强度值基本保持不变,说明该荧光碳量子点具有良好光辐照发光稳定性。
实施例2:将玉米置于微粉机中获得粒径小于1 mm的玉米面,称取0.2 g玉米面,0.2 g DETA,向其中加入1 mL去离子水溶解。微波加热10 min,功率为539 W,得到淡黄色溶液。对其进行超声处理,离心除去大颗粒杂质,透析除去未反应的小分子,最终得到碳量子点水溶液,冻干后储存。该碳量子点的荧光发射峰在502 nm,呈现强烈的绿色荧光,量子产率为15.2%。
实施例3:将玉米置于微粉机中获得粒径小于1 mm的玉米面,称取0.3 g玉米面,0.5 g DETA,向其中加入1 mL去离子水溶解。微波加热15 min,功率为385 W,得到淡黄色溶液。对其进行超声处理,离心除去大颗粒杂质,透析除去未反应的小分子,最终得到碳量子点水溶液,冻干后储存。该碳量子点的荧光发射峰在502 nm,呈现强烈的绿色荧光,量子产率为12.5%。
实施例4:将玉米置于微粉机中获得粒径小于1 mm的玉米面,称取0.1 g玉米面,0.4 g DETA,向其中加入1 mL去离子水溶解。微波加热30 min,功率为231 W,得到淡黄色溶液。对其进行超声处理,离心除去大颗粒杂质,透析除去未反应的小分子,最终得到碳量子点水溶液,冻干后储存。该碳量子点的荧光发射峰在502 nm,呈现较强烈的绿色荧光,量子产率为8.7%。
实施例5:将玉米置于微粉机中获得粒径小于1 mm的玉米面,称取0.5 g玉米面,0.05 g DETA,向其中加入1 mL去离子水溶解。微波加热5 min,功率为119 W,得到淡黄色溶液。对其进行超声处理,离心除去大颗粒杂质,透析除去未反应的小分子,最终得到碳量子点水溶液,冻干后储存。该碳量子点的荧光发射峰在502 nm,呈现较弱的绿色荧光,量子产率为2.9%。
作为对比例与实施例1进行对比。
对比例1:只以玉米为原料,采用水热合成法制备碳量子点,具体步骤如下:将玉米置于微粉机中获得粒径小于1 mm的玉米面,称取0.25 g玉米面,向其中加入1 mL去离子水溶解,超声10 min后转入高压反应釜中,180 ℃下水热4 h,离心除去大颗粒杂质,透析除去未反应的小分子,最终得到碳量子点水溶液,冻干后储存。该碳量子点的荧光发射峰在445nm,呈现蓝色荧光,量子产率为0.2%。
对比例2:只以玉米为原料,采用微波加热法制备碳量子点,具体步骤如下:将玉米置于微粉机中获得粒径小于1 mm的玉米面,称取0.25 g玉米面,向其中加入1 mL去离子水溶解。微波加热20 min,功率为700 W,对其进行超声处理,离心除去大颗粒杂质,透析除去未反应的小分子,最终得到碳量子点水溶液,冻干后储存。该碳量子点的荧光发射峰在450nm,呈现蓝色荧光,量子产率为0.3%。
实施例6:将实施例1制备的荧光碳量子点配制成10 mg/mL的水溶液,分别加入不同浓度的Cr(VI),以420 nm为激发波长,测定其荧光光谱。随着Cr(VI)浓度的增大,碳量子点的荧光逐渐被猝灭,如图6所示,荧光强度的变化与Cr(VI)的浓度呈线性关系,如图6插图所示,图中荧光强度的变化以F0/F表示,其中F0和F分别表示Cr(VI)不存在和存在下碳量子点的荧光强度,Cr(VI)的检测限为0.6224 nmol/L,线性范围为0.0179-575 μmol/L。该荧光碳量子点可应用于各种水域如湖水、自来水、河水中Cr(VI)的检测。
实施例7:将实施例1制备的荧光碳量子点配制成10 mg/mL的水溶液,加入575 μmol/L Cr(VI),再向其中加入不同浓度的AA,以420 nm为激发波长,测定其荧光光谱。随着AA浓度的增大,碳量子点的荧光开始逐渐恢复,如图7所示,荧光强度的变化与AA的浓度呈线性关系,如图7插图所示,图中荧光强度的变化以(F0-F)/F0表示,其中F0和F分别表示AA不存在和存在下碳量子点的荧光强度,AA的检测限为9.3 μmol/L,线性范围为18-212 μmol/L。该荧光碳量子点可应用于血清、维生素C药片中AA(抗坏血酸)含量的检测。
Claims (5)
1.一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法,以玉米和二亚甲基三胺DETA为原料,采用微波加热方法一步合成荧光碳量子点,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
(1)玉米粉碎成粒径小于1 mm的玉米面,取0.1-0.5 g玉米面和0.05-0.5 g的DETA混合,加入1 mL去离子水使玉米面和DETA充分溶解;
(2)将步骤(1)获得的溶液微波加热5-30 min,微波功率为119-700 W,获得淡黄色溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的淡黄色溶液以40 KHz超声6 min,10000 rpm离心10 min除去大颗粒杂质,装入截留分子量为500的醋酸纤维素管中透析3天除去未反应的小分子,最终得到碳量子点水溶液,冻干后储存。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法,其特征在于:所述玉米面和DETA的质量比为5:2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法,其特征在于:所述微波功率为700 W,时间为20 min。
4.权利要求1至3任意一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法所制备的荧光碳量子点在Cr(VI)检测中的应用,其特征在于:检测方法为:所制备的荧光碳量子点配制成10 mg/mL的水溶液,然后加入不同浓度的Cr(VI)标准溶液,以420 nm为激发波长,测定其荧光光谱,获得荧光强度与Cr(VI)的浓度的线性关系,然后在10 mg/mL的荧光碳量子点水溶液中加入待检测样品,通过荧光强度的变化定量检测待测样品中Cr(VI)的浓度。
5.权利要求1至3任意一种荧光碳量子点的制备方法所制备的荧光碳量子点在AA检测中的应用,其特征在于:检测方法为:所制备的荧光碳量子点配制成10 mg/mL的水溶液,加入Cr(VI)使水溶液中Cr(VI)的浓度为575 μmol/L,然后加入不同浓度的抗坏血酸标准溶液,以420 nm为激发波长,测定其荧光光谱,获得荧光强度与抗坏血酸的浓度的线性关系,然后在含有Cr(VI)的荧光碳量子点水溶液中加入待检测样品,通过荧光强度的变化定量检测待测样品中抗坏血酸的浓度。
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