CN108474072A - Austenitic heat-resistant alloy and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Austenitic heat-resistant alloy and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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CN108474072A
CN108474072A CN201780005402.2A CN201780005402A CN108474072A CN 108474072 A CN108474072 A CN 108474072A CN 201780005402 A CN201780005402 A CN 201780005402A CN 108474072 A CN108474072 A CN 108474072A
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heat
resistant alloy
hot
alloy
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河内礼文
真木纯
西山佳孝
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Nippon Steel Corp
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite

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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of Austenitic heat-resistant alloy also even in a high temperature environment with high creep strength and high tenacity.The Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment has chemical composition below：Contain C in terms of quality %：0.03%~it is less than 0.25%, Si：0.01~2.0%, Mn：2.0% or less, Cr：10%~it is less than 30%, Ni：More than 25% and it is 45% or less, Al：More than 2.5% and less than 4.5%, Nb：0.2~3.5%, N：0.025% hereinafter, surplus is Fe and impurity, and the P and S in impurity are respectively P：0.04% or less and S：0.01% or less.The total volume rate of 6 μm or more of precipitate in tissue is 5% or less.

Description

Austenitic heat-resistant alloy and its manufacturing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat-resisting alloy and its manufacturing methods, more specifically, are related to Austenitic heat-resistant alloy and its system Make method.
Background technology
In the past, in the equipment such as the boiler, the chemical device that used under high temperature environment, using 18-8 stainless steels as heat-resisting Steel.18-8 stainless steels are the austenite stainless steel of the Ni containing 18% or so Cr and 8% or so, for example, in JIS standards SUS304H, SUS316H, SUS321H and SUS347H etc..
In recent years, the use condition of the equipment under hot environment obviously becomes excessively stringent, it is desirable that more than 18-8 stainless steel High creep strength.Recently, it is also promoting and is improving 600 DEG C or so previous of vapor (steam) temperature in thermal power generation boiler To 700 DEG C or more of advanced ultra-supereritical pressure generation schedule.In addition, for chemical device, in order to improve operating efficiency, Plan improves operation temperature.The steel that these are used under high temperature environment are also required while requiring high creep strength Excellent corrosion resistance.
The heat proof material of corrosion resistance is improved in such as Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 02-115348 bulletins (patent document 1) and day It is proposed in this Unexamined Patent 07-316751 bulletins (patent document 2).Al content is high in these heat-resisting alloys, therefore is using Cheng Zhong can form Al on high-temperature area surface2O3Overlay film.By the overlay film, highly corrosion resistant can be obtained.
But heat-resisting alloy disclosed in above patent document 1 and 2 is present in creep strength under 700 DEG C of hot environment Low situation.
As the heat proof material with high creep strength under 700 DEG C of hot environment, have developed it is a kind of containing Ni and Co, and contain γ ' phases (Ni3Al) as the heat-resisting alloy of hardening constituent.Such heat-resisting alloy is such as Ni based alloys Alloy617,263 and 740 etc..But the alloy raw material price of these heat-resisting alloys is high.And then processability is low, therefore be manufactured into This also gets higher.
Therefore, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2014-43621 bulletins (patent document 3) and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2013-227644 bulletins It is proposed in (patent document 4) than above-mentioned Ni based alloys more at a low price and the excellent heat-resisting alloy of creep strength.
Austenitic heat-resistant alloy disclosed in patent document 3 has following chemical composition：Contain C in terms of quality %：It is less than 0.02%, Si：2% or less, Mn：2% or less, Cr：15~26%, Ni：20~35%, Al：0.3% or less, P：0.04% with Under, S：0.01% or less and N：0.05% is selected from Ti hereinafter, containing simultaneously：3.0% or less (including 0%), V：3.0% or less (including 0%), Nb：Less than 2.3% (including 0%) and Ta：One or more of 2.0% or less (including 0%), and meet by The f1 that f1=2Ti+2V+Nb+ (1/2) Ta is indicated is 1.5~6.0, and surplus is Fe and impurity.It has been recorded in patent document 3 above-mentioned Austenitic heat-resistant alloy is based on the precipitation strength of Laves' phases and γ ' phases and has excellent elevated temperature strength and toughness.
Austenitic heat-resistant alloy disclosed in Patent Document 4 has following chemical composition：Contain C in terms of quality %：It is small In 0.02%, Si：0.01~2%, Mn：2% or less, Cr：20% less than 28%, Ni：More than 35% and for 50% with Under, W：2.0~7.0%, Mo：Less than 2.5% (including 0%), Nb：Less than 2.5% (including 0%), Ti：Less than 3.0% (including 0%), Al：0.3% or less, P：0.04% or less, S：0.01% or less and N：0.05% hereinafter, surplus be Fe and impurity, into And be 1.0~5.0 by the f1 that f1=1/2W+Mo is indicated, it is 2.0~8.0 by the f2 that f2=1/2W+Mo+Nb+2Ti is indicated, and It is 0.5~5.0 by the f3 that f3=Nb+2Ti is indicated.Above-mentioned Austenitic heat-resistant alloy has been recorded in patent document 4 is based on pressgang This mutually and γ ' phases precipitation strength and have excellent elevated temperature strength and toughness.
Existing technical literature
Patent document
Patent document 1：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 02-115348 bulletins
Patent document 2：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 07-316751 bulletins
Patent document 3：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2014-43621 bulletins
Patent document 4：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2013-227644 bulletins
Invention content
Problems to be solved by the invention
But in the conjunction of this strengthening mechanism that Laves' phases and γ ' phases is utilized of the heat-resisting alloy of patent document 3 and 4 In the case of gold, there are the situations of creep strength and toughness reduction after long-time timeliness.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Austria also even in a high temperature environment with high creep strength and high tenacity Family name's system heat-resisting alloy.
The solution to the problem
The Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment has chemical composition below：Contain C in terms of quality %：0.03% ~it is less than 0.25%, Si：0.01~2.0%, Mn：2.0% or less, Cr：10%~it is less than 30%, Ni：More than 25% and it is 45% or less, Al：More than 2.5% and less than 4.5%, Nb：0.2~3.5%, N：0.025% or less, Ti：0~be less than 0.2%, W：0~6%, Mo：0~4%, Zr：0~0.1%, B：0~0.01%, Cu：0~5%, rare earth element：0~0.1%, Ca：0~ 0.05% and Mg：0~0.05%, surplus is Fe and impurity, and P and S in impurity are respectively P：0.04% or less and S： 0.01% or less.In tissue, the total volume rate for the precipitate that equivalent circle diameter is 6 μm or more is 5% or less.Herein, precipitate Refer to such as carbide, nitride, NiAl and α-Cr.
The effect of invention
The Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment even in a high temperature environment also have prolonged elevated temperature strength and Excellent toughness.
Specific implementation mode
Austenite heat-resistant under the hot environment (hereinafter referred to as hot environment) of 700 DEG C of the inventors of the present invention couple or more closes The creep strength and toughness of gold are investigated and have been studied, and following opinion has been obtained.
As described above, containing Laves' phases, Ni3The heat-resisting alloy of the γ ' phases such as Al has high creep strong under high temperature environment Degree.But these precipitated phases under high temperature environment for a long time use when can coarsening, therefore, the creep strength of heat-resisting alloy and Toughness reduces.
On the other hand, under high temperature environment use heat-resisting alloy during, if can make carbide, nitride, The precipitates such as NiAl, α-Cr are imperceptibly dispersed to precipitate, then are able to maintain that high creep strength and high tenacity long-time uses. These precipitates improve grain-boundary strength by covering crystal boundary.In turn, if these precipitates are precipitated in crystal grain, heat-resisting alloy Deformation drag improve, creep strength increase.
In order to improve creep strength and toughness using above-mentioned fine precipitate, as described below to the resistance to heat seal before using The tissue of gold is controlled.
[limitation of the amount for the precipitate that equivalent circle diameter is 6 μm or more]
There are (the following letters of the precipitates such as carbide, nitride, NiAl, α-Cr in solidified structure after casting heat-resistant alloy Referred to as precipitate).These precipitates are created in liquid phase made of solute element enrichment existing for interdendritic.These precipitates are logical Often with there is coarse shape, it is non-uniformly dispersed in tissue.Therefore, the toughness of heat-resisting alloy reduces.
In turn, it even if implementing to be difficult to be dissolved if these precipitates of solution heat treatment, is easy to remain with coarse state.Such as These precipitates of fruit remain in heat-resisting alloy coarsely, then are difficult to form fine precipitation in use in a high temperauture environment Object.It is therefore preferable that the total volume rate of the coarse precipitate in heat-resisting alloy is as low as possible.
In the tissue of heat-resisting alloy, if the precipitate (hereinafter referred to as coarse precipitates) that equivalent circle diameter is 6 μm or more For 5%, hereinafter, when then using heat-resisting alloy under high temperature environment, the fine precipitation of the amount of full can be also precipitated in total volume rate Object obtains high creep strength and toughness.
In order to make the total volume rate of the coarse precipitates in tissue for 5% hereinafter, the C content in heat-resisting alloy is made to be less than 0.25%.In turn, it is 30% or more to make section slip when hot forging.At this point, coarse precipitates can equably be divided by hot forging It dissipates.Therefore, when solution heat treatment in subsequent handling, precipitate can be made to be dissolved, the total volume rate of coarse precipitates becomes 5% or less.
The Austenitic heat-resistant alloy for the present embodiment completed based on the above opinion has chemical composition below：With Quality % meters contain C：0.03%~it is less than 0.25%, Si：0.01~2.0%, Mn：2.0% or less, Cr：10%~be less than 30%, Ni：More than 25% and it is 45% or less, Al：More than 2.5% and less than 4.5%, Nb：0.2~3.5%, N：0.025% Below, Ti：0~it is less than 0.2%, W：0~6%, Mo：0~4%, Zr：0~0.1%, B：0~0.01%, Cu：0~5%, dilute Earth elements：0~0.1%, Ca：0~0.05% and Mg：0~0.05%, surplus is Fe and impurity, and P and S in impurity distinguish For P：0.04% or less and S：0.01% or less.In tissue, the total volume rate for the precipitate that equivalent circle diameter is 6 μm or more is 5% or less.
Above-mentioned chemical composition can be in terms of quality % containing selected from by Ti：0.005%~it is less than 0.2%, W：0.005~ 6%, Mo：0.005~4%, Zr：0.0005~0.1% and B：0.0005~0.01% composition group in a kind or 2 kinds with On.
Above-mentioned chemical composition can be in terms of quality % containing selected from by Cu：0.05~5% and rare earth element：0.0005 One or more of the group of~0.1% composition.
Above-mentioned chemical composition can be in terms of quality % containing selected from by Ca：0.0005~0.05% and Mg：0.0005~ One or more of the group of 0.05% composition.
The manufacturing method of above-mentioned Austenitic heat-resistant alloy includes following process：With 30% or more section slip to tool There are the founding materials of above-mentioned chemical composition to implement the process of hot forging；Hot-working is implemented to the blank after hot forging, manufactures intermediate materials Process；And at 1100~1250 DEG C intermediate materials are implemented with the process of solution heat treatment.
The Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment is described in detail below." % " about element is as without especially Illustrate, refers to quality %.
[chemical composition]
The Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment is, for example, compo pipe.The chemical composition of Austenitic heat-resistant alloy contains There is following element.
C：0.03%~it is less than 0.25%
Carbon (C) forms carbide, improves creep strength.Specifically, under high temperature environment in use, C is in crystal boundary and crystalline substance Intragranular is combined to form fine carbide with alloying element.Fine carbide can improve deformation drag, increase creep strength.If C content is too low, then cannot obtain the effect.On the other hand, if C content is excessively high, in the solidified structure after heat-resisting alloy casting A large amount of coarse eutectic carbide can be formed.Eutectic carbide also can remain in group after solution heat treatment with coarse state In knitting, therefore the toughness of heat-resisting alloy can be reduced.In turn, if coarse eutectic carbide residual, uses under high temperature environment When be difficult to be precipitated fine carbide, creep strength reduces.Therefore, C content be 0.03%~be less than 0.25%.C content it is preferred Lower limit is 0.05%, more preferably 0.08%.The preferred upper limit of C content is 0.23%, more preferably 0.20%.
Si：0.01~2.0%
Silicon (Si) makes heat-resisting alloy deoxidation.Si also improves corrosion resistance (oxidative resistance and the oxygen of resistance to vapor of heat-resisting alloy The property changed).Si is the element inevitably contained, but in the case where that fully can implement deoxidation by other elements, Si Content can lack as much as possible.On the other hand, if Si too high levels, hot-workability reduces.Therefore, Si contents be 0.01~ 2.0%.The preferred lower limit of Si contents is 0.02%, further preferably 0.03%.The preferred upper limit of Si contents is 1.0%.
Mn：2.0% or less
Manganese (Mn) inevitably contains.Mn is combined to form MnS with the S contained in heat-resisting alloy, improves resistance to heat seal The hot-workability of gold.But if Mn too high levels, heat-resisting alloy becomes really up to the mark, and hot-workability and weldability reduce.Therefore, Mn contents are 2.0% or less.The preferred lower limit of Mn contents is 0.1%, further preferably 0.2%.The preferred upper limit of Mn contents It is 1.2%.
Cr：10%~it is less than 30%
Chromium (Cr) improves the corrosion resistance (oxidative resistance, resistance to steam oxidation etc.) of the heat-resisting alloy under hot environment. The fine precipitation in the form of α-Cr when Cr can also be used under high temperature environment improves creep strength.If Cr contents are too low, cannot Obtain these effects.On the other hand, if Cr too high levels, the stability organized reduces, and creep strength reduces.Therefore, Cr contains Amount for 10~be less than 30%.The preferred lower limit of Cr contents is 11%, further preferably 12%.The preferred upper limit of Cr contents is 28%, further preferably 26%.
Ni：More than 25% and it is 45% or less
Nickel (Ni) makes austenite stablize.Ni also improves the corrosion resistance of heat-resisting alloy.If Ni contents are too low, cannot obtain These effects.On the other hand, if Ni too high levels, not only these effects can be saturated, and hot-workability can also reduce.If Ni contents Excessively high, cost of material can also be increased further.Therefore, Ni contents are more than 25% and 45% or less.The preferred lower limit of Ni contents It is 26%, further preferably 28%.The preferred upper limit of Ni contents is 44%, further preferably 42%.
Al：More than 2.5% and it is less than 4.5%
Under high temperature environment in use, aluminium (Al) is combined to form fine NiAl with Ni, creep strength is improved.Al can also be Corrosion resistance is improved under 1000 DEG C or more of hot environment.If Al content is too low, these effects cannot be obtained.On the other hand, If Al content is excessively high, structure stability reduces, strength reduction.Therefore, Al content is more than 2.5% and to be less than 4.5%.Al contains The preferred lower limit of amount is 2.55%, further preferably 2.6%.The preferred upper limit of Al content is 4.4%, further preferably 4.2%.In the Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of the present invention, Al content refers to the Al total amounts contained in steel.
Nb：0.2~3.5%
Niobium (Nb) forms the Laves' phases and Ni as precipitation strength phase3Nb phases make precipitation strength in crystal boundary and crystal grain, carry The creep strength of high heat-resisting alloy.If Nb contents are too low, said effect cannot be obtained.On the other hand, if Nb too high levels, Laves' phases and Ni3Nb phases are excessively formed, and the toughness and hot-workability of alloy reduce.If Nb too high levels, after long-time timeliness Toughness can also reduce.Therefore, Nb contents are 0.2~3.5%.The preferred lower limit of Nb contents is 0.35%, further preferably 0.5%.The preferred upper limit of Nb contents is less than 3.2% further preferably 3.0%.
N：0.025% or less
Nitrogen (N) makes austenite stablize, and inevitably contains in common smelting process.In addition, under hot environment In use, N is combined in crystal boundary and crystal grain with alloying element, fine nitride is formed.Fine nitride can improve deformation Resistance increases creep strength.It is not dissolved but if N content is excessively high, being formed after solution heat treatment and remaining thick Low-alloyed toughness drops in big nitride.Therefore, N content is 0.025% or less.It is preferred that the upper limit of N content is 0.02%, into One step is preferably 0.01%.
P：0.04% or less
Phosphorus (P) is impurity.P can reduce the weldability and hot-workability of heat-resisting alloy.Therefore, P content is 0.04% or less. The preferred upper limit of P content is 0.03%.P content is preferably as low as possible.
S：0.01% or less
Sulphur (S) is impurity.S can reduce the weldability and hot-workability of heat-resisting alloy.Therefore, S contents are 0.01% or less. The preferred upper limit of S contents is 0.008%.S contents are preferably as low as possible.
The surplus of the chemical composition of the Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment is made of Fe and impurity.Wherein, impurity Refer to when industry manufactures Austenitic heat-resistant alloy, it is mixed not by ore, waste material or manufacturing environment as raw material etc. The substance allowed in the range of adverse effect is brought to the present invention.
[about arbitrary element]
The chemical composition of above-mentioned Austenitic heat-resistant alloy can also contain in the group being made of Ti, W, Mo, Zr and B One kind or two or more replace part Fe.These elements are arbitrary element, can improve creep strength.
Ti：0~it is less than 0.2%
Titanium (Ti) is arbitrary element, and also can be free of has.Containing sometimes, can be formed as precipitation strength phase Laves' phases and Ni3Ti phases improve creep strength by precipitation strength.But if Ti too high levels, Laves' phases and Ni3Ti phases are excessively raw At high temperature ductility and hot-workability reduce.If Ti too high levels, the toughness after long-time timeliness can also reduce.Therefore, Ti contents For 0~it is less than 0.2%.The preferred lower limit of Ti contents is 0.005%, further preferably 0.01%.The preferred upper limit of Ti contents It is 0.15%, further preferably 0.1%.
W：0~6%
Tungsten (W) is arbitrary element, and also can be free of has.Containing sometimes, being solid-solution in the austenite of parent phase (matrix), pass through solid solution Strengthen and improves creep strength.W also forms Laves' phases in crystal boundary and crystal grain, and creep strength is improved by precipitation strength.But If W content is excessive, Laves' phases excessively generates, and high temperature ductility, hot-workability and toughness reduce.Therefore, W content be 0~ 6%.The preferred lower limit of W content is 0.005%, further preferably 0.01%.The preferred upper limit of W content is 5.5%, further Preferably 5%.
Mo：0~4%
Molybdenum (Mo) is arbitrary element, and also can be free of has.It containing sometimes, is solid-solution in the austenite of parent phase, passes through solution strengthening Improve creep strength.Mo also forms Laves' phases in crystal boundary and crystal grain, and creep strength is improved by precipitation strength.But if Mo too high levels, then Laves' phases excessively generate, high temperature ductility, hot-workability and toughness reduce.Therefore, Mo contents be 0~ 4%.The preferred lower limit of Mo contents is 0.005%, further preferably 0.01%.The preferred upper limit of Mo contents is 3.5%, into one Step preferably 3%.
Zr：0~0.1%
Zirconium (Zr) is arbitrary element, and also can be free of has.Containing sometimes, Zr improves creep strength by intercrystalline strengthening.But if Zr too high levels, then weldability and the hot-workability reduction of heat-resisting alloy.Therefore, Zr contents are 0~0.1%.Zr it is preferred under It is limited to 0.0005%, further preferably 0.001%.The preferred upper limit of Zr contents is 0.06%.
B：0~0.01%
Boron (B) is arbitrary element, and also can be free of has.Containing sometimes, creep strength is improved by intercrystalline strengthening.But if B contains Measure excessively high, then weldability reduction.Therefore, B content is 0~0.01%.The preferred lower limit of B is 0.0005%, further preferably 0.001%.The preferred upper limit of B content is 0.005%.
The chemical composition of above-mentioned Austenitic heat-resistant alloy can also contain in the group being made of Cu and rare earth element 1 kind or more replace part Fe.These elements are arbitrary element, improve the corrosion resistance of heat-resisting alloy.
Cu：0~5%
Copper (Cu) is arbitrary element, and also can be free of has.Containing sometimes, can promote surface nearby Al2O3The formation of overlay film improves The corrosion resistance of heat-resisting alloy.But if Cu too high levels, not only effect can be saturated, and high temperature ductility can also reduce.Therefore, Cu contents are 0~5%.The preferred lower limit of Cu contents is 0.05%, further preferably 0.1%.The preferred upper limit of Cu contents is 4.8%, further preferably 4.5%.
Rare earth element：0~0.1%
Rare earth element (REM) is arbitrary element, and also can be free of has.Containing sometimes, S is fixed in the form of sulfide, is improved Hot-workability.REM also forms oxide, to improve corrosion resistance, creep strength and creep ductility.But if REM contents Excessively high, then the field trashes such as oxide increase, and hot-workability and weldability reduce, and manufacturing cost increases.Therefore, REM contents be 0~ 0.1%.The preferred lower limit of REM contents is 0.0005%, further preferably 0.001%.The preferred upper limit of REM contents is 0.09%, further preferably 0.08%.
In this specification, the general name of REM Sc, Y and lanthanide series totally 17 kinds of elements.As the REM contained in heat-resisting alloy For a kind in these elements when, REM contents refer to the content of the element.When the REM contained in heat-resisting alloy is two or more, REM contents refer to the total content of these elements.REM is generally comprised in mixed rare earth alloy.It may be thus possible, for example, to mischmetal The form of alloy is added and is contained in the way of above range by the content of REM.
The chemical composition of above-mentioned Austenitic heat-resistant alloy can also contain a kind in the group being made of Ca and Mg with On replace part Fe.These elements are arbitrary element, can improve the hot-workability of heat-resisting alloy.
Ca：0~0.05%
Calcium (Ca) is arbitrary element, and also can be free of has.Containing sometimes, S is fixed in the form of sulfide, improves hot-working Property.On the other hand, if Ca too high levels, toughness, ductility and cleaning reduce.Therefore, Ca contents are 0~0.05%.Ca's Preferred lower limit is 0.0005%.The preferred upper limit of Ca contents is 0.01%.
Mg：0~0.05%
Magnesium (Mg) is arbitrary element, and also can be free of has.Containing sometimes, S is fixed in the form of sulfide, improves heat-resisting alloy Hot-workability.On the other hand, if Ca too high levels, toughness, ductility and cleaning reduce.Therefore, Ca contents be 0~ 0.05%.The preferred lower limit of Ca is 0.0005%.The preferred upper limit of Ca contents is 0.01%.
[the total volume rate for the precipitate (coarse precipitates) that equivalent circle diameter is 6 μm or more：5% or less]
As described above, the Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment is under high temperature environment in use, can be precipitated fine Precipitate improves creep strength, maintains toughness.Precipitate refers to such as carbide, nitride, NiAl and α-Cr.If precipitate Coarse, then creep strength and toughness reduce.Therefore, in the heat-resisting alloy before use, preferably coarse precipitates are few.Heat-resisting alloy In tissue, if the precipitate (coarse precipitates) that equivalent circle diameter is 6 μm or more total volume rate be 5% hereinafter, if in high temperature In use, fine precipitate is precipitated under environment, creep strength and toughness improve.The total volume rate of coarse precipitates it is preferred on It is limited to 4%, further preferred 3%.Herein, equivalent circle diameter refers to the diameter when area of precipitate to be scaled to round area (μm)。
[measurement method of the total volume rate of the coarse precipitates in tissue]
Coarse precipitates total volume rate in the tissue of the Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment can be by following Method is measured.
The test film of vertical cross-section is taken from the surface of heat-resisting alloy material.For example, in Austenitic heat-resistant alloy material In the case of for compo pipe, test film is taken from the wall thickness central portion in the section vertical with axis direction.
After the section (viewing surface) of test film to taking is ground, is etched and observed with the mixed acid solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid Face.Arbitrary 10 visual field of viewing surface is shot with scanning electron microscope (SEM), makes SEM image (reflective electron figure Picture).Each visual field is 100 μm of 100 μ m.
In SEM image, precipitate and matrix contrast are different.Find out the precipitate determined by the difference of contrast Area calculates the equivalent circle diameter of each precipitate.After calculating, determine that equivalent circle diameter is 6 μm or more of precipitate (coarse precipitation Object).
Find out the gross area of determining coarse precipitates.Find out ratio of the gross area relative to visual field area of coarse precipitates Rate (%).The area occupation ratio of precipitate is equivalent to volume fraction, therefore the ratio of the coarse precipitates found out is defined as coarse precipitation The total volume rate (%) of object.
The shape of the Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment is not particularly limited.Austenitic heat-resistant alloy is for example For compo pipe.Austenitic heat-resistant alloy pipe is used as boiler piping, chemical device reaction tube.Austenitic heat-resistant alloy can Think plank, bar, wire rod.
[manufacturing method]
One example of the manufacturing method of the Austenitic heat-resistant alloy as present embodiment, to the manufacturer of compo pipe Method illustrates.The manufacturing method of present embodiment includes following process：The process for preparing the blank of above-mentioned chemical composition (prepares Process)；The process (hot forging process) that the blank of preparation is hot-forged；Hot-working is implemented to the blank through hot forging, manufacture is intermediate The process (hot procedure) of material；And intermediate materials are implemented with the process (solution heat treatment process) of solution heat treatment.Under Face illustrates each process.
[preparatory process]
Manufacture the molten steel with above-mentioned chemical composition.For molten steel, implement well known degassing process as needed.Use steel Water manufactures blank by forging.Blank can be the ingot casting obtained by ingot casting method, or be obtained by continuous casting process The strands such as slab, bloom, small billet.
[hot forging process]
Hot forging is implemented to the blank of manufacture to manufacture cylindrical blank.In hot forging, the section slip defined by formula (1) is set to be 30% or more.
Section slip=100- (sectional area of the blank before sectional area/hot forging of the blank after hot-working) × 100 (%) (1)
As described above, in the tissue of the blank by forging manufacture, there are the precipitates such as eutectic carbide.These are precipitated Object is coarse, largely exists with the precipitate that equivalent circle diameter is calculated as 6 μm or more.Even if such coarse precipitates are in subsequent handling Solution heat treatment in be also difficult to be dissolved.
If the section slip in hot forging process is 30% or more, coarse precipitates are destroyed when being hot-forged, and size becomes smaller. Therefore, precipitate becomes easy solid solution in the solution heat treatment of subsequent handling.As a result, the analysis that equivalent circle diameter is 6 μm or more Going out the volume fraction of object becomes 5% or less.
Preferred section slip is 35% or more, further preferably 40% or more.The upper limit of pair cross-section slip does not have There is special limitation, but considers when productivity to be 90%.
[hot procedure]
Hot-working is implemented to the blank (cylindrical blank) by hot forging, manufactures the alloy pipe stock as intermediate materials.For example, It is centrally formed through hole by being machined in cylindrical blank.Cylindrical blank to being formed with through hole implements hot extrusion, manufacture Alloy pipe stock.Drilling/rolling can also be carried out to cylindrical blank to manufacture alloy pipe stock (intermediate materials).It can also be to hot-working Intermediate materials afterwards implement cold working.Cold working for example, cold-drawn etc..By the above process, intermediate materials are manufactured.
[solution heat treatment process]
Solution heat treatment is implemented to intermediate materials obtained.Keep the precipitate in intermediate materials solid by solution heat treatment It is molten.
Heat treatment temperature in solution heat treatment is 1100~1250 DEG C.If heat treatment temperature is less than 1100 DEG C, it is precipitated Object is not dissolved fully, as a result, the volume fraction of coarse precipitates can be more than 5%.On the other hand, if heat treatment temperature is excessively high, Austenite grain coarsening, manufacturing reduce.
If heat treatment temperature is 1100~1250 DEG C, precipitate is fully dissolved, and the total volume rate of coarse precipitates becomes 5% or less.
The solution heat treatment time is not particularly limited.The solution heat treatment time is, for example, 1 minute~1 hour.
Intermediate materials after solution heat treatment can also be implemented with the pickling for the purpose of the oxide skin for removing surface formation Processing.For example, by using the mixed acid solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in pickling.Pickling time is, for example, 30~60 minutes.
The blasting treatment of blasting materials can also be used to the implementation of the intermediate materials after pickling processes.Such as to compo pipe Inner surface implements blasting treatment.At this point, forming machined layer on surface, corrosion resistance (oxidative resistance etc.) improves.
The Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of present embodiment is manufactured by above manufacturing method.It should be noted that upper The manufacturing method in content to compo pipe is stated to be illustrated.But it is also possible to by same manufacturing method (preparatory process, Hot forging process, hot procedure, solution heat treatment process) manufacture plank, bar, wire rod etc..
Embodiment
[manufacturing method]
The molten steel with chemical composition shown in table 1 is manufactured with vacuum fusion stove.
[table 1]
Above-mentioned molten steel is used to manufacture outer diameter as the columned ingot casting (30kg) of 120mm.To ingot casting with section shown in table 2 Slip is implemented to be hot-forged, and manufactures rectangular billet.Hot rolling and cold rolling, the plate that manufacture thickness is 1.5mm are implemented to rectangular billet Intermediate materials.Intermediate materials are implemented with the solution heat treatment of the holding 10 minutes of heat treatment temperature shown in table 2.It is kept for 10 minutes Afterwards, water cooling is carried out to intermediate materials, manufactures sheet alloy.
[table 2]
Table 2
[creep rupture test]
Test film is manufactured by sheet alloy obtained.Test film is to be parallel to length from the mid-depth portion of sheet alloy edge It takes in direction (rolling direction).Test film is pole test film, and a diameter of 6mm of parallel portion, distance is between measuring punctuate 30mm.Creep rupture test is carried out using test film.Creep rupture test is implemented under 700~800 DEG C of air atmosphere.It is based on Obtained fracture strength finds out 700 DEG C 1.0 × 10 by LarsonMiller parametric methods4Small creep strength (MPa) at present.
[Charpy-type test]
After keeping 8000 hours ageing treatments at 700 DEG C to sheet alloy obtained implementation, water cooling is carried out.From timeliness The thickness direction central portion of treated plank takes v-notch Charpy-type test piece as defined in JIS Z2242 (2005).It lacks Mouth is parallel with the length direction of sheet alloy.The wide 5mm of test film, high 10mm, long 55mm, notch depth 2mm.It is real at 0 DEG C The Charpy-type test based on JIS Z2242 (2005) is applied, impact value (J/cm is found out2)。
[test result]
Test result is as shown in table 2.
With reference to table 2, the chemical composition of 1~test number of test number 11 is appropriate, the volume fractions of coarse precipitates be 5% with Under.As a result, creep strength is 140MPa or more, excellent creep strength is shown.In turn, charp impact value 40J/cm2 More than, even if after prolonged ageing treatment, also show that excellent toughness.
On the other hand, in test number 12, C content is excessively high.Therefore, the volume fraction of coarse precipitates is more than 5%.It is tied Fruit, creep strength are less than 140MPa, and charp impact value is less than 40J/cm2。
In test number 13, Al content is too low.Therefore, creep strength is less than 140MPa.Think that the amount of precipitation of NiAl is few.
In test number 14, Al content is excessively high.Therefore, creep strength is less than 140MPa.Think since Al content is excessively high, because This tissue is unstable, and creep strength is low.
In test number 15, Cr contents are too low.Therefore, creep strength is less than 140MPa.It is considered the precipitation due to α-Cr Amount is few.
In test number 16, Cr too high levels.Therefore, creep strength is less than 140MPa.Think due to Cr too high levels, because This tissue is unstable, and creep strength is low.
In test number 17, section slip when hot forging is less than 30%.Therefore, the total volume rate of coarse precipitates is more than 5%.As a result, creep strength is less than 140MPa, charp impact value is less than 40J/cm2。
In test number 18, solution heat treatment temperature is less than 1100 DEG C.Therefore, the total volume rate of coarse precipitates is more than 5%.As a result, creep rupture strength is less than 140MPa, charp impact value is less than 40J/cm2。
In test number 19, Nb too high levels.Therefore, charp impact value is less than 40J/cm2。
In test number 20, Nb contents are too low.Therefore, creep strength is less than 140MPa.
More than, embodiments of the present invention are illustrated.But the above embodiment is only for implementing the present invention Example.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, can suitably change above-mentioned reality within the scope of its spirit Mode is applied to be implemented.
Industrial availability
The Austenitic heat-resistant alloy of the present invention can be widely used under 700 DEG C or more of hot environment.It is especially suitable for Compo pipe in boiler for power generation, chemical industry equipment as the hot environment for being exposed to 700 DEG C or more etc..

Claims (5)

1. a kind of Austenitic heat-resistant alloy, which is characterized in that have chemical composition below：
Contained in terms of quality %
C：0.03%~be less than 0.25%,
Si：0.01~2.0%,
Mn：2.0% or less,
Cr：10%~be less than 30%,
Ni：More than 25% and for 45% or less,
Al：More than 2.5% and less than 4.5%,
Nb：0.2~3.5%,
N：0.025% or less,
Ti：0~be less than 0.2%,
W：0~6%,
Mo：0~4%,
Zr：0~0.1%,
B：0~0.01%,
Cu：0~5%,
Rare earth element：0~0.1%,
Ca：0~0.05% and
Mg：0~0.05%,
Surplus be Fe and impurity,
P and S in impurity are respectively
P：0.04% or less and
S：0.01% hereinafter,
In tissue, the total volume rate for the precipitate that equivalent circle diameter is 6 μm or more is 5% or less.
2. Austenitic heat-resistant alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The chemical composition contain selected from by
Ti：0.005%~be less than 0.2%,
W：0.005~6%,
Mo：0.005~4%,
Zr：0.0005~0.1% and
B：0.0005~0.01%
It is one kind or two or more in the group of composition.
3. Austenitic heat-resistant alloy according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The chemical composition contain selected from by
Cu：0.05~5% and
Rare earth element：0.0005~0.1%
One or more of group of composition.
4. the Austenitic heat-resistant alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that
The chemical composition contain selected from by
Ca：0.0005~0.05% and
Mg：0.0005~0.05%
One or more of group of composition.
5. a kind of manufacturing method of Austenitic heat-resistant alloy, which is characterized in that it includes following process：
It is real to the blank with the chemical composition described in any one of Claims 1 to 4 with 30% or more section slip The process of applying heat forging；
Hot-working, the process for manufacturing intermediate materials are implemented to the blank by hot forging；And
At 1100~1250 DEG C the intermediate materials are implemented with the process of solution heat treatment.
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