CN108473162A - 结构构件 - Google Patents

结构构件 Download PDF

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CN108473162A
CN108473162A CN201780005895.XA CN201780005895A CN108473162A CN 108473162 A CN108473162 A CN 108473162A CN 201780005895 A CN201780005895 A CN 201780005895A CN 108473162 A CN108473162 A CN 108473162A
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structural elements
absorbing device
energy absorbing
energy
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CN108473162B (zh
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D·霍夫鲍尔
T·沃尔夫
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B62D29/005—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material preformed metal and synthetic material elements being joined together, e.g. by adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/04—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R19/22—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact containing mainly cellular material, e.g. solid foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
    • B60R2019/1833—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material
    • B60R2019/1853—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material of reinforced plastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/186—Additional energy absorbing means supported on bumber beams, e.g. cellular structures or material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/186—Additional energy absorbing means supported on bumber beams, e.g. cellular structures or material
    • B60R2019/1873—Cellular materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/186—Additional energy absorbing means supported on bumber beams, e.g. cellular structures or material
    • B60R2019/188—Blow molded structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/02—Side panels
    • B62D25/025—Side sills thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/04—Door pillars ; windshield pillars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/06—Fixed roofs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种尤其是用于车辆的结构构件(10)，其包括支架(11)和设置在支架(11)外表面的区段上的至少一个能量吸收装置(30)，其特征在于，所述支架(11)被成型并且具有至少一个内部腔室(20、20')。

Description

结构构件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其是用于车辆的结构构件，其包括支架和设置在支架外表面的区段上的至少一个能量吸收装置。
背景技术
由DE102014207948A1已知向由热塑性半成品制成的结构构件上安装由热塑性材料制成的变形构件。这种结构例如用于门槛区域中。在侧面碰撞负荷情况下，热塑性变形蜂窝吸收能量、在此耗散大部分能量并将剩余能量传递到弯曲支架上。
发明内容
基于现有技术，本发明的任务在于，提供一种结构构件，其突出之处在于特别高的能量吸收。本发明的任务尤其是在于提供一种结构构件，在该结构构件中，关于空间需求的比能量吸收尽可能大。
所述任务通过具有独立权利要求1的特征的结构构件来解决。本发明的有利实施方式在属权利要求中给出。
为了解决该任务，本发明提出一种尤其是用于车辆的结构构件，其包括支架和设置在支架外表面的区段上的至少一个能量吸收装置。此外，支架可被成型并且具有至少一个内部腔室。这提供了可使用相对薄壁的支架的优点，当(特别是在抵抗推力的强度方面)应实现相同的机械性能时，所述相对薄壁的支架因此相比于较厚壁或未被成型的支架更轻。
此外，支架由纤维增强塑料、尤其是由玻璃纤维增强塑料和/或碳纤维增强塑料制成。这种材料的使用可在相对低的构件重量的情况下实现特别高的强度。
优选使用能量吸收装置，其通过机械分解来耗散或减小作用于该能量吸收装置上的能量或力。机械分解在此可理解为破裂、破碎、粉碎或其它形状变化。这种能量吸收装置(也称为破碎元件)能在尽可能短的变形路径上实现显著更高的能量吸收。该优点恰恰通过与被成型的支架结合变得更为突出。支架确保所需的构件刚度并且支撑能量吸收装置，使得能量吸收装置可在推力作用于其上时有针对性且安全地破碎。
根据本发明的第一种实施方式，所述能量吸收装置可至少区段地被突出区域或突出的壁包围。这提供以下优点：当作用于能量吸收装置上的推力还具有沿偏离于主方向的分力时，可防止能量吸收装置相对于支架滑动。突出区域或突出的壁因此提供附加分力的反作用力。
在另一种实施方式中，载体可具有形成凹部的突出区域、尤其是突出的壁，能量吸收装置插入该凹部中。有利的是，在碰撞情况下作用的推力的在任意方向上的分力因此会由于被壁吸收而减小。另外，完全包围的壁可施加足够的静摩擦，使得能量吸收装置被充分固定并且不必通过附加措施如螺纹连接、粘接或类似方式来固定。
能量吸收装置可由玻璃纤维增强塑料和/或碳纤维增强塑料制成。通过使用这种材料，能量吸收装置也构造为纤维增强塑料并且可在碰撞情况下吸收特别高的力。
设置在能量吸收装置中的增强纤维可以以其纵向侧面基本上垂直于支架表面定向。由此增强纤维基本上平行于碰撞情况下的负荷方向定向并且可吸收更高的力或者说耗散更高的能量。
另外，支架和能量吸收装置可通过拉挤成型工艺制造。拉挤成型工艺是大量生产纤维增强塑料的最经济方法之一并且因此特别适合用于车身制造中。
此外，在所述内部腔室中可构造填充元件。当设有多个腔室时，可在一个、多个或所有腔室中分别设置一个或多个填充元件。所述一个或多个填充元件可构造为泡沫芯。发泡材料如聚氨酯和类似物适合用作用于这种泡沫芯的材料。填充元件也可构造为蜂窝芯如纸蜂窝或热塑性蜂窝。另外，实心材料也可用来填充。替选于此，填充元件也可由实心材料制成。所述填充元件在此可填充内部腔室，或者多个填充元件在此可完全或至少部分地填充内部腔室。填充元件提供如下优点：当支架承受推力负荷时，推力从支架的一侧(推力直接作用在该侧上)传递到支架的相对置侧上。由此可更好地吸收推力并且能量吸收装置可被支架更好地支撑。
此外，在支架中可设置至少一个连接元件，用于将支架与其它总成连接。替代或附加于此地，至少一个连接元件可设置在填充元件(20、20')中，用于将支架与其它总成连接。连接元件可构造为具有或不具有内螺纹的套管或具有或不具有外螺纹的销。其它总成尤其是其它结构构件或高压蓄电池、发动机支架等。
增强纤维可以是有机或无机增强纤维。增强纤维例如可以是碳纤维。碳纤维与塑料基质一起形成碳纤维增强塑料，也称为CFK(即CFRP)。相配的FVK构件是CFK构件。增强纤维例如也可以是玻璃纤维。玻璃纤维与塑料基质一起形成玻璃纤维增强塑料，也称为GRK。相配的FVK构件是GFK构件。但本发明不限于此，并且增强纤维例如可以是芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、聚乙烯纤维、PMMA纤维、玄武岩纤维、硼纤维、陶瓷纤维、硅酸纤维、钢纤维和/或天然纤维。
纤维可被设置为稀松布、织物、网或作为半成品纤维层中的无序纤维。此外，纤维半成品也可包括多个纤维层，它们也可由上述层类型的组合组成。
塑料基质的材料尤其是可包括一种或多种热塑性塑料和/或热固性塑料。作为塑料基质的材料尤其适合使用聚酰胺(例如PA-6或PA-66)以及聚邻苯二甲酰胺。具有热塑性基质的纤维增强塑料的优点在于其随后可变形或焊接。作为热塑性塑料例如适合使用聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚砜(PSU)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚酰胺、聚邻苯二甲酰胺和/或聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。具有热固性基质的纤维增强塑料在基质固化或交联后不能再变形。具有热固性基质的纤维增强塑料有利地具有高温使用范围。这尤其适用于在高温下固化的热固化体系。具有热固性基质的纤维增强塑料通常具有最高强度。作为热固性塑料或基质例如可使用下述树脂：环氧树脂(EP)、不饱和聚酯树脂(UP)、乙烯酯树脂(VE)、酚醛树脂(PF)、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP)、丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、聚氨酯(PUR)、氨基树脂、三聚氰胺树脂(MF/MP)和/或脲醛树脂(UF)。
作为用于泡沫芯的材料尤其适合使用聚氨酯(PUR)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)或聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺。
在本发明意义上，结构构件是车身构件，其例如在制造车身时彼此连接。这种构件尤其是侧门槛、车顶侧梁、车顶横梁、A柱、B柱、C柱和类似物。此外，保险杠支架也可理解为本发明意义上的结构构件，因为本发明也可应用于此。
附图说明
下面借助附图说明详细阐述本发明。附图、说明书和权利要求包含本领域技术人员还将以不同组合考虑以使本发明适应其它要求的特征。附图如下：
图1示出结构构件的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出垂直于结构构件10纵向方向的剖视图。结构构件10包括支架11，该支架11被成型并且具有两个内部腔室12和13。在其它未示出的实施方式中，支架11也可仅具有单个腔室或多于两个腔室。在图1中，两个腔室12和13通过一个腹板17彼此分开。在其它未示出的实施方式中也可设置多个腹板。在腔室12、13中设置有泡沫芯20、20'，它们在此例如完全填满腔室12、13。腹板17以及泡沫芯20、20'在碰撞情况下将导入支架11的在图左侧竖直延伸的壁中的力传递到支架11的在图右侧竖直延伸的壁上。代替泡沫芯也可使用替代的填充元件，例如由热塑性材料、纸等制成的蜂窝芯。
从图1还可看出，支架11具有在左侧突出的壁15和16。所述突出的壁15、16在它们之间容纳一个或多个能量吸收装置或者说破碎元件30。这些破碎元件30因此设置在支架11表面的一个区域中。该表面的该区域可在侧面部分或完全地被壁15、16包围。在另外的实施方式中，可省去壁15、16，使得破碎元件在侧面不被支撑。
在侧面碰撞情况下(在此由力F和属于其的箭头表示)，力或能量施加在破碎元件30上。支架11通过反作用力抵抗推力F，使得破碎元件30破裂并且在此耗散能量。
在图1中的图示中，推力F垂直作用于支架11。但在其它情况下，力F也可以倾斜作用在支架11上。在这种情况下只有分力垂直作用于支架11。不垂直作用于支架的分力被壁15、16吸收。换句话说，壁15、16产生反作用力，以支撑非垂直作用的分力。
支架11例如构成门槛的基本结构。支架在此由连续纤维增强的碳纤维制成。在此，连续纤维的约70％沿支架11纵向方向延伸。连续纤维的约30％以+45°和/或-45°角设置。然后以树脂包围纤维。随后通过在支架11的腔室中发泡而产生泡沫芯。破碎元件也是随后与已有支架11接合。
此外，支架11还可具有连接元件、尤其是用于连接高压蓄电池的嵌件。该嵌件可随后被安装到支架中或者已经随泡沫的置入而被置入。结构构件10的强度足以支撑电动车辆的能量存储器。

Claims (11)

1.尤其是用于车辆的结构构件(10)，包括支架(11)和设置在支架(11)外表面的区段上的至少一个能量吸收装置(30)，其特征在于，所述支架(11)被成型并且具有至少一个内部腔室(20、20')。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，所述支架(11)由纤维增强塑料、尤其是由玻璃纤维增强塑料和/或碳纤维增强塑料制成。
3.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，所述能量吸收装置(30)通过机械分解、尤其是通过粉碎来耗散作用于该能量吸收装置上的能量/力。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，所述能量吸收装置(30)由玻璃纤维增强塑料和/或碳纤维增强塑料制成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，设置在能量吸收装置(30)中的增强纤维以其纵向方向基本上垂直于支架表面定向。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，所述能量吸收装置(30)至少区段地被突出区域或突出的壁(15、16)包围。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，所述支架(11)具有形成凹部的突出区域、尤其是突出的壁，能量吸收装置(30)插入该凹部中。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，所述支架(11)构造为拉挤型材。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，在所述内部腔室(20、20')中构造有至少一个填充元件、尤其是泡沫芯、蜂窝芯或实心材料芯。
10.根据前述权利要求之一所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，在所述支架(11)中设置有至少一个连接元件，用于将支架与其它总成连接。
11.根据前述权利要求之一所述的结构构件(10)，其特征在于，在所述填充元件(20、20')中设置有至少一个连接元件，用于将支架与其它总成连接。
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