CN108464509A - 新型发酵乳酸杆菌在食品领域中的应用 - Google Patents
新型发酵乳酸杆菌在食品领域中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108464509A CN108464509A CN201810198067.9A CN201810198067A CN108464509A CN 108464509 A CN108464509 A CN 108464509A CN 201810198067 A CN201810198067 A CN 201810198067A CN 108464509 A CN108464509 A CN 108464509A
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- lbf128
- acidi lactici
- bacillus acidi
- fermentation
- food
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- A21D8/00—Methods for preparing or baking dough
- A21D8/02—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking
- A21D8/04—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes
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- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
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Abstract
本发明公开了新型发酵乳酸杆菌在食品领域中的应用,属于微生物应用领域。本发明的新型发酵乳酸杆菌为Lactobacillus Fermentum菌株LBF128,具有耐酸、耐盐、耐高温性能,在厌氧、好氧及兼氧状态下均可繁殖的特性,在pH=2.0的条件下,仍能存活2小时以上,且可以在厌氧和好氧及兼氧状态下繁殖,故可通过胃后保持70%以上活菌到达肠道,可用作食品添加剂或用于发酵食品,改善发酵食品的口味以及营养成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物应用领域,更具体地说,涉及新型发酵乳酸杆菌在食品料领域中的应用。
背景技术
乳酸杆菌是指能使糖类发酵产生乳酸的细菌,是一群生活在机体内益于宿主健康的微生物,它维护人体健康和调节免疫功能的作用已被广泛认可。乳酸杆菌属乳酸杆菌科,因发酵糖产生大量乳酸而命名。在自然界分布广泛,是动物和人肠道等处重要的生理性菌群之一。该类群细菌绝大多数对动物和人无毒、无害,负担着动物体内重要的生理功能。在乳酸菌中,乳酸杆菌是最大的一个属,其定义为杆形乳酸杆菌。乳杆菌属与动物关系最密切,它是动物和人类肠道和阴道中占优势的菌群之一。乳杆菌分布广泛,动物和人类从口腔到直肠始终都有该菌存在。乳酸杆菌己知的生理功能主要表现为:阻止病原菌对肠道的入侵和定植,抑制病原菌,抗感染,维持肠道的微生态平衡,预防和抑制肿瘤的发生,增强机体免疫力,促进消化,合成氨基酸和维生素,降低胆固醇,抑制内毒素的生产,延缓衰老和抗辐射等。
乳酸杆菌常被用于食品饮料中,如酸奶,能活化肠道益生菌群。随着基因工程技术的发展,改造乳酸菌使其更适合人体的需要,再制成微生态制剂和活菌疫苗等保健品或药品,将为人类健康做出更大贡献,重组乳酸杆菌基因工程菌将在未来食品和医药工业中得到更广泛的应用。不仅如此,乳酸杆菌在畜牧生产中的应用也越来越多,许多实验及实际应用都表明了乳酸杆菌作为单一制剂或复合制剂中的一种可以提高畜禽生产性能、发挥预付及治疗腹泻的作用。
如中国专利申请号为201110448525.8,申请公布日为2013年7月3日的专利申请文件公开了一种新型乳酸杆菌LY-73及其应用,其保藏号为:CCTCC M2011481,该菌株具有高产 EPS的特性,可应用于微生态制剂、食品、医药制备、保健品等多个领域。中国专利申请号为201310036200.8,申请公布日为2013年6月26日的专利申请文件公开一种乳酸杆菌菌株及其应用。乳酸杆菌CGMCC6495从泡菜污水中分离得到,已保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏日期2012年9月3日,保藏编号CGMCC No.6495。该菌株经常规的活化培养与扩大发酵培养可应用于粪便的生物除臭。乳酸杆菌CGMCC6495作为单一菌株即可应用于人粪便原位除臭,除臭效果稳定,受温度影响小。
目前现有发现的乳酸杆菌在实际应用时存在耐酸耐盐性能不佳、繁殖条件要求高等问题,通过胃后,大部分乳酸杆菌失活,真正能达到肠道的活菌数量比较少,因此在肠胃中发挥的作用比较有限。现有技术中的面包都是使用酵母菌发酵,原味面包口味单一。
发明内容
1.要解决的问题
针对现有的食品发酵存在口味不佳、营养价值不高等问题,本发明提供一种新型发酵乳酸杆菌在食品料领域中的应用。本发明的发酵乳酸杆菌LBF128具有耐酸、耐盐、耐高温性能,在厌氧、好氧及兼氧状态下均可繁殖的菌株LBF128或其突变体,能显著改善面包等发酵食品的口味,丰富口味及营养需求。
2.技术方案
为了解决上述问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种新型发酵乳酸杆菌在食品领域中的应用,所述的新型发酵乳酸杆菌为Lactobacillus Fermentum菌株LBF128,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号 CGMCC No.15061。
更进一步地,所述的新型发酵乳酸杆菌是具有耐酸、耐盐、耐高温性能,在厌氧、好氧及兼氧状态下均可繁殖的菌株LBF128或其突变体,耐酸性能是指在pH低至2.0的环境中能存活2小时以上,耐盐性能是指在盐分高达6%的环境中仍能存活和工作。
更进一步地,所述的食品包括但不限制于饮料、发酵面食。
一种食品添加剂,所述的食品添加剂含有新型发酵乳酸杆菌LBF128或其突变体,所述的菌株LBF128保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号CGMCC No.15061。
一种食品添加剂,所述的食品添加剂含有新型发酵乳酸杆菌LBF128或其突变体的代谢产物,所述的菌株LBF128保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号CGMCC No.15061。
新型发酵乳酸杆菌在发酵面包领域中的应用,所述的新型发酵乳酸杆菌为Lactobacillus Fermentum菌株LBF128,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号 CGMCC No.15061。
一种发酵面包的方法,上述的新型发酵乳酸杆菌代替普通酵母菌进行发酵。
更进一步地,发酵面包的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将发酵乳酸杆菌LBF128溶于灭菌后的水中,得到菌液;
(2)将面粉、糖类与步骤(1)中的菌液混合进行密封保藏;
(3)在室温或30~40℃条件下保藏一段时间后,继续加入面粉和水混合均匀,在室温或 30~40℃条件下保藏,得到乳酸菌中种;
(4)将乳酸菌中种与面粉、水以及调节口味的配料进行混合,在室温或30~40℃条件下保藏一段时间后,进行烘烤,得到发酵面包。
更进一步地,每次进行保藏的时间大于12小时,最好为24小时左右。
生物材料保藏信息
发酵乳酸杆菌LBF128,分类名为Lactobacillus Fermentum,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏地址为中国北京市朝阳区,保藏日期为2017年12月13日,保藏号为CGMCC No.15061。
3.有益效果
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明中提供的发酵乳酸杆菌能够用于发酵面包等面类食品,制作多种口味的面包,满足不同人群的需求,相比于普通酵母菌发酵的面包,具有更丰富的口感,营养成分更高;
(2)本发明中提供的发酵乳酸杆菌是乳酸菌科12属200多个种中最为耐酸、耐盐品种,在pH=2.0的条件下,仍能存活2小时以上,且可以在厌氧和好氧及兼氧状态下繁殖,故可通过胃后保持70%以上活菌到达肠道,从而有效地在肠道通过分泌乳酸抑制有害菌群,增加肠道活性,促进消化代谢,并抑制氨气的产生,保持肠道的健康,即使在作为粪尿被排除体内时,仍可保留有20~30%的活菌;
(3)本发明的发酵乳酸杆菌能增强机体的免疫力,可以用于食品、药品、保健品等领域;
(4)本发明中的发酵乳酸杆菌能耐受高温,在80℃的温度以下可进行活动;粪尿中氨,基梅尔卡丁烷,硫化氢,三甲胺带来恶臭味道,而使用本发明乳酸杆菌作为食品添加剂,可以改善肠道环境。
附图说明
图1为发酵面包制作工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。
本发明的乳酸杆菌LBF128,是一种分离的全新的菌株,从腌渍米糠酱中分离获得,对分离得到的菌进行形态观察和生理性状测试,另外,提取分离菌的DNA,用PCR法扩增16SrRNA区域的DNA。关于扩增的DNA,使用ABIPRISM 310遗传分析仪[Life TechnologiesCorporation]分析碱基序列。将获得的序列与国际碱基序列数据库(DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank)中登记的序列和MicroSeqID分析利用软件[Life Technologies Corporation]的数据库进行同源性检索,通过邻接法(NJ法)建立与亲缘关系最近的系统树,经过分析确定菌株与Lactobacillus Fermentum最接近(符合率为99.99%)。
本发明中的的菌株LBF128委托中国科学院微生物研究所进行了菌种鉴定,根据送检菌种的细胞形态、生理生化特征、16S rRNA基因序列、pheS基因序列等实验数据综合分析,参考《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》以及International Journal of Systematic andevolutionary Microbiology有关研究论文,鉴定结果为Lactobacillus fermentum发酵乳杆菌((2018)微检字第035号)。
本发明通过相关生物活性实验表明,乳酸杆菌LBF128是一种耐强酸性、耐高盐分的菌株,而且耐高温性能好,适用于应用于微生态制剂、食品、保健品、医药制备、畜禽类饲料添加剂、污水处理剂等多个领域。
微生态制剂(Porbioties),也叫活菌制剂(Bigone)或生菌剂,是指运用微生态学原理,利用对宿主有益无害的益生菌或益生菌的促生长物质,经特殊工艺制成的制剂。目前微生态制剂已被应用于饲料、农业、医药保健和食品等各领域中。
本发明提供的乳酸杆菌LBF128可用于制备相关利用乳酸杆菌及其代谢产物EPS发挥作用的微生态制剂,具有良好的应用前景。比如,本发明提供的乳酸杆菌LBF128可用作兽用微生态制剂,用于防治畜、禽、鱼的消化道、泌尿道疾病及用于猪、牛、鸡、兔等禽畜的育肥、抗病,可替代抗生素,减少有毒物质在体内的残留量。例如,可在饲料中添加适量的乳酸杆菌LBF128也可作为生物制品类微生态制剂用于医药方面。
乳酸菌EPS是乳酸杆菌的一种代谢产物,其对形成各种酸乳的质构和特有的营养保健发挥着极其重要甚至是不可替代的作用,它可以增加酸奶的粘度、稳定性和保水性,使产品具有良好的口感、质地和风味。因此,本发明提供的乳酸杆菌LBF128在食品及其加工中也有很好的应用。
相关研究进一步表明乳酸菌EPS可以改善菌株对肠道黏膜的非特异性粘附,增强菌株对肠道的定殖作用;抗肿瘤作用;调节免疫系统作用;对细胞体具有保护作用;抑制肠道腐败菌的繁殖,防治结肠癌的作用。因此,本发明提供的乳酸杆菌LBF128可应用于肠道疾病、癌症、免疫系统等方面的药物制备。例如可将本发明乳酸杆菌LBF128作为有效组分以医药有效剂量加入到药物组合物或试剂中,也可将本发明乳酸杆菌LBF128的代谢产物(例如乳酸菌EPS)作为有效组分以医药有效剂量加入到药物组合物或试剂中。
本发明提供的乳酸杆菌LBF128还可根据其特点应用于食品添加剂、保健品等领域中,例如将本发明的乳酸杆菌LBF128制成乳酸杆菌干粉,即可作为食品添加剂或保健药中的有效成分,发挥乳酸杆菌及其乳酸菌EPS的多种作用和效果。
作为本发明制备微生态制剂、食品、保健品、医药、畜禽类饲料添加剂、污水处理剂的活性成分,可以使用利用离心等收集方法从培养物中分离的本发明的乳酸菌。本发明的乳酸菌的菌体处理物也可以作为本发明中包括的活性成分。本发明菌体处理物包括经浓缩、干燥、冻干等处理的本发明的乳酸菌。此外,不仅分离的菌体,细菌的破碎产物、和细菌破碎后通过离心去除碎片后的匀浆也可用作本发明的菌体处理物。作为培养物的形态,不仅可以使用根据上述培养条件获得的培养物和用一般用于培养乳酸菌的培养基获得的培养物,也可以使用乳制品等如奶酪、发酵乳、乳酸菌饮料等,本发明的乳酸菌可通过己知的方法分离。
本发明的乳酸菌等作为活性成分应用时,可以根据用途适当添加赋形剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂等进行配制,并选择形态(固体、液体等)。
作为赋形剂的例子,包括动物和植物油,如豆油、红花油、橄榄油、胚芽油、葵花油、牛油、沙丁鱼油等,多元醇如聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、山梨醇等,作为表面活性剂,如脂肪酸山梨醇醋、蔗糖脂肪酸酷、甘油脂肪酸酷,聚甘油脂肪酸酷等,纯净水、乳糖、淀粉、微晶纤维素、D-甘露醇、卵磷脂、阿拉伯胶、山梨糖醇溶液、糖溶液等。
作为粘合剂的例子,包括羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、明胶、预胶化淀粉、聚乙烯毗咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇等。
作为崩解剂的例子,包括羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、低取代羟丙基纤维素、玉米淀粉等。
作为润滑剂的例子,包括滑石粉、氢化植物油、蜡、轻质无水硅酸等来自天然存在的物质及其衍生物、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸铝等。
本发明的乳酸菌等作为活性成分应用时还可以进一步含有甜味剂、着色剂、pH调节剂、香料、多种氨基酸等。此外,固态产品可以通过公知的方法进行包衣。在摄入时,液体可溶解或悬浮在水中或其他合适的介质中。
上述包含乳酸菌等活性成分的组合物可以用于药物、食品、饲料等,但并不限于这些。
当本发明的组合物作为食品(以下简称本发明的食品)时,本发明的食品的形式的例子包括:补充剂(粉末、颗粒、软胶囊、硬胶囊、片剂、咀嚼片、快速崩解片剂、糖浆、液体等),饮料(茶饮料、碳酸饮料、乳酸饮料、运动饮料等),甜食(软糖、果冻、口香糖、巧克力、饼干、糖果等)、油、油脂食品(蛋黄酱、调味汁、黄油、奶油、人造黄油等)等。
上述食品在必要时可以包含:各种营养素、各种维生素(维生素A、维生素B1、维生素 B2、维生素B6、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K等)、多种矿物质(镁、锌、铁、钠、钾、硒等)、膳食纤维、分散剂、稳定剂如乳化剂等,甜味剂、香味成分(柠檬酸、苹果酸等)、香精、蜂王浆、蜂胶、姬松茸等。
本发明的食物的每日摄入量取决于摄入食物的受试者、目标疾病、症状等。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。以下实施例仅仅对本发明进行进一步的说明,不应理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
耐酸性实验
实验过程:在培养皿中用稀释的琼脂培养基对LBF128乳酸菌进行培养,调节培养皿中 LBF128乳酸菌的含量为107/mL,用稀盐酸分别调制培养基的pH值为3.0和2.0。培养1个小时和2个小时后分别检测培养皿中的LBF128乳酸菌含量,结果如下:
实验结果
表1乳酸杆菌的耐酸性实验结果
上述实验证实LBF128乳酸菌的抗酸性很强,在pH=2.0的环境下仍能存活2个小时以上,在pH=3.0的酸性条件下,LBF128乳酸菌适应酸性环境后,不仅能存活,而且还能保持繁殖能力。因此认为基本上可以顺利通过强酸性的胃部环境。
实施例2
耐盐性实验
实验过程:在培养皿中用稀释的琼脂培养基对LBF128乳酸菌进行培养,调节培养皿中 LBF128乳酸菌的含量为107/mL,然后用食盐调制成含盐度6%(质量浓度)的食盐水环境,培养2个小时和4个小时后分别检测培养皿中的LBF128乳酸菌含量,结果如下:
表2乳酸杆菌的耐盐性实验结果
上述实验证实LBF128乳酸菌的抗盐能力很强,在盐浓度高达6%的环境下,仍能存活4 小时以上,表明本发明的LBF128乳酸菌可以在海水等高盐度水中存活和工作。
实施例3
耐高温实验
实验过程:在培养皿中用稀释的琼脂培养基对LBF128乳酸菌进行培养,调节培养皿中 LBF128乳酸菌的含量为107/mL,然后将培养皿放置在60℃和80℃的环境中培养,培养1个小时和2个小时后分别检测培养皿中的LBF128乳酸菌含量,结果如下:
表3乳酸杆菌的耐盐性实验结果
上述实验证实LBF128乳酸菌的抗高温能力很强,在80℃的高温环境下仍然可以保持存活和工作。
实施例4
利用本发明的新型发酵乳酸杆菌发酵面包的制作工艺包括以下基本步骤(如图1所示):
(1)将饮用水煮沸杀菌;
(2)将步骤(1)中的水冷却至40℃左右,加入LBF128乳酸菌混匀;
(3)将富强粉与液体麦芽一起加入(2)中混合(注意不要混入杂菌),然后至于室温或 30~40℃的环境中进行保藏发酵;富强粉与(2)中菌液按照1:1的质量比例混合,液体麦芽的加入量为整体质量的3%左右,LBF128乳酸菌的加入量为整体质量的3%左右(即为图1中的“中种①制造”);
(4)约24小时之后(一般保藏12小时以上即可,为了发酵效果更好,建议发酵24小时左右),继续加入6倍质量的面粉和水进行混合,至于室温或30~40℃的环境中进行保藏发酵,得到乳酸菌中种(即为图1中的“中种②制造”);
(5)将乳酸菌中种与面粉、水以及调节口味的配料(可以根据口味需要加入适量的黄油、盐等配料)进行混合,在室温或30~40℃条件下保藏一段时间后,进行烘烤,得到发酵面包,
根据不同人群的口味需求,提供不同类型发酵面包的配料表,按照上述工艺即可制作出可口的面包。
表4不同口味面包的原料配比表
还可以根据口味需要,加入适量的葡萄干、核桃仁、各类水果和果仁等配料。
将本发明中制作的吐司面包与现有的两种吐司面包(无乳酸菌的吐司面包以及含酸奶的吐司面包)进行比较,并对消费者进行品尝问卷调查,结果如表5所示,表面本发明中的 LBF128乳酸菌可制作出更可口的面包。
表5不同口味的吐司面包比较
Claims (9)
1.一种新型发酵乳酸杆菌在食品领域中的应用,其特征在于:所述的新型发酵乳酸杆菌为Lactobacillus Fermentum菌株LBF128,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号CGMCC No.15061。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型发酵乳酸杆菌在食品领域中的应用,其特征在于:所述的新型发酵乳酸杆菌是具有耐酸、耐盐、耐高温性能,在厌氧、好氧及兼氧状态下均可繁殖的菌株LBF128或其突变体,耐酸性能是指在pH低至2.0的环境中能存活2小时以上,耐盐性能是指在盐分高达6%的环境中仍能存活和工作。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种新型发酵乳酸杆菌在畜禽类饲料添加剂领域中的应用,其特征在于:所述的食品包括但不限制于饮料、发酵面食。
4.一种食品添加剂,其特征在于:所述的食品添加剂含有新型发酵乳酸杆菌LBF128或其突变体,所述的菌株LBF128保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号CGMCC No.15061。
5.一种食品添加剂,其特征在于:所述的食品添加剂含有新型发酵乳酸杆菌LBF128或其突变体的代谢产物,所述的菌株LBF128保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号CGMCC No.15061。
6.新型发酵乳酸杆菌在发酵面包领域中的应用,其特征在于:所述的新型发酵乳酸杆菌为Lactobacillus Fermentum菌株LBF128,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号CGMCC No.15061。
7.一种发酵面包的方法,其特征在于:采用权利要求1或2中所述的新型发酵乳酸杆菌代替普通酵母菌进行发酵。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种发酵面包的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将发酵乳酸杆菌LBF128溶于灭菌后的水中,得到菌液;
(2)将面粉、糖类与步骤(1)中的菌液混合进行密封保藏;
(3)在室温或30~40℃条件下保藏一段时间后,继续加入面粉和水混合均匀,在室温或30~40℃条件下保藏,得到乳酸菌中种;
(4)将乳酸菌中种与面粉、水以及调节口味的配料进行混合,在室温或30~40℃条件下保藏一段时间后,进行烘烤,得到发酵面包。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种发酵面包的方法,其特征在于:每次进行保藏的时间大于12小时。
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