CN1084638C - 过滤装置 - Google Patents

过滤装置 Download PDF

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CN1084638C
CN1084638C CN99104538A CN99104538A CN1084638C CN 1084638 C CN1084638 C CN 1084638C CN 99104538 A CN99104538 A CN 99104538A CN 99104538 A CN99104538 A CN 99104538A CN 1084638 C CN1084638 C CN 1084638C
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container
filter screen
filter
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CN1233520A (zh
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永冈忠义
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D35/00Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/12Devices for taking out of action one or more units of multi- unit filters, e.g. for regeneration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D29/00Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D29/00Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/44Edge filtering elements, i.e. using contiguous impervious surfaces
    • B01D29/445Bar screens
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D29/00Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/50Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D29/52Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in parallel connection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D29/00Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/62Regenerating the filter material in the filter
    • B01D29/70Regenerating the filter material in the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element
    • B01D29/72Regenerating the filter material in the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element involving vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D29/00Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/62Regenerating the filter material in the filter
    • B01D29/70Regenerating the filter material in the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element
    • B01D29/74Regenerating the filter material in the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element involving centrifugal force
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D29/00Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/76Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating
    • B01D29/80Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D29/00Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/88Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
    • B01D29/90Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding
    • B01D29/908Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding provoking a tangential stream
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D33/00Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/01Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with translationally moving filtering elements, e.g. pistons
    • B01D33/0108Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with translationally moving filtering elements, e.g. pistons with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or the like filtering elements
    • B01D33/0116Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with translationally moving filtering elements, e.g. pistons with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or the like filtering elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D33/00Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/06Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums
    • B01D33/073Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums arranged for inward flow filtration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D33/00Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/27Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary filtering surfaces, which are neither cylindrical nor planar, e.g. helical surfaces
    • B01D33/275Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary filtering surfaces, which are neither cylindrical nor planar, e.g. helical surfaces using contiguous impervious surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D33/00Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/35Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with multiple filtering elements characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D33/37Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with multiple filtering elements characterised by their mutual disposition in parallel connection
    • B01D33/39Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with multiple filtering elements characterised by their mutual disposition in parallel connection concentrically or coaxially
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/004Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/04Supports for the filtering elements
    • B01D2201/043Filter tubes connected to plates
    • B01D2201/0446Filter tubes connected to plates suspended from plates at the upper side of the filter elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/04Supports for the filtering elements
    • B01D2201/0469Filter tubes connected to collector tubes

Abstract

过滤装置包括具有用以引入待处理液体入口的容器、装在具有送出经处理液体出口的容器内的滤网和在所述容器内形成待处理液体方向不同于待处理液体流入滤网方向的流动所用装置。

Description

过滤装置
本发明涉及过滤装置,更具体地说,涉及适用于在浸入待处理液体的状态下进行精滤的过滤装置。待处理的液体包括作一般使用的水,饮用水、河水、池水和其他各种液体。
在过滤装置这种技术中,一种采用若干过滤管的装置是已知技术。在这种过滤装置中,若干过滤管在容器内是平行配置的。将待处理的液体通过泵从容器一端的入口引入,使其穿过这些过滤管而对其进行过滤,并将经处理的液体从容器另一端的经处理液体出口放出。
对于现有过滤装置所用滤管来说,用于精滤的过滤元件是由带致密细孔的多孔材料或滤布构成的。但在这些过滤元件中,这些过滤元件的细孔在过滤装置开始操作后相当短的时间内就被悬浮在液体内的细小粉料所阻塞,以致过滤效率很快下降。为此,必须停止过滤装置的过滤操作以便进行过滤元件表面的反向清洗,并在清除阻塞过滤元件细孔的粉料后再恢复操作。这样地停止过滤操作和进行反向清洗在过滤操作中必须频繁而反复地进行,以致降低了工作效率。此外,过滤元件细孔内的阻塞会加快反向清洗的重复频率直至最后不得不从过滤管中取出所有过滤元件而换以新的过滤元件。
EP 0719890公开了一种过滤装置,其中过滤元件外部带有一个搅拌元件,其可绕过滤元件纵轴水平转动。这种搅拌元件虽然一定程度地减少了滤网的堵塞,但由于其布置在过滤元件外部水平转动,使得紧贴在滤网表面上的固体颗粒难以完成冲掉。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种新颖高精度过滤装置,使其具有很高的过滤效率,可防止过滤元件的阻塞,并持续地进行过滤操作而不必停止过滤操作来进行反向清洗。
为达到以上所述本发明目的,所提供的过滤装置具有:一容器,具有用以引入待处理液体的入口;一滤网,装在容器内,容器具有放出经处理液体的出口;和流动形成装置,用以使待处理的液体在所述容器中形成方向不同于待处理液体流入滤网方向的流动,所述流动形成装置是使滤网在待处理液体中垂直而往复运动的装置和使滤网在待处理液体中水平转动的装置的组合。
按本发明,使待处理液体形成方向不同于待处理液体流入滤网方向的流动,将待处理液体中在液体流进滤网时会沉积在滤网表面上的粉状悬浮固体颗粒由于这种方向不同于进入滤网方向的流动从滤网表面上清洗掉,从而使这种悬浮固体脱离滤网表面而可防止滤网的堵塞。因此,本发明的过滤装置可防止过滤元件的堵塞,并持续过滤操作而不致停止过滤操作。
由于这种过滤装置不需现有过滤装置中所用笨重的反向清洗装置或清刮器,过滤装置的结构较紧凑,成本较低。
在本发明的一种情况下,所述流动形成装置是使滤网垂直往复地运动的装置、使滤网水平转动的装置的组合。
在本发明的另一种情况下所述流动形成装置是用以在待处理液体中形成涡流的装置。
为形成涡流,流动形成装置可以是相对于容器外周法线水平斜向地布置的入口。
为形成涡流,所述流动形成装置可以是装在容器内的搅拌器。
在本发明的另一情况下,过滤装置至少具有两个所述容器和将所述两个容器连接在一起、使其彼此连通的接管,其中,所述流动形成装置是装在其中一个所述接管内的涡轮或泵。
本发明的这些和其他特点和优点通过以下结合附图所作说明会变得更加明显。
附图中:
图1为本发明过滤装置的一实施例的局部剖示透视图;
图2为图1所示实施例的剖面图;
图3为滤网支座的顶视平面图;
图4为图1实施例所示滤网的局部放大透视图;
图5A和5B为待处理流体内悬浮固体颗粒沉积在滤网表面上的情况示意图;
图6为本发明另一实施例的局部剖示透视图;
图7为图6所示实施例容器的顶视平面图;
图8为本发明另一实施例的局部剖示透视图;
图9为沿图8中线A-A的视图;
图10为本发明另一实施例的局部剖示透视图;
图11为本发明另一实施例的剖面图;
图12为本发明另一实施例的剖面图。
现参照附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明。
图1-3示出本发明的一实施例。过滤装置1具有横截面为圆形的容器2。在容器2的下部形成用以引入待处理液体的入口2a。泵9与过滤装置1连接。将待处理液体装到几近容器2的上端壁。在容器2中,一滤网支座8通过一中空传动轴10悬置在待处理液体中,支座呈短筒形,其上下端为顶板8a和底板8b所封闭,传动轴10通过容器2顶壁上的开口2b垂直延伸,其下端固定在滤网支座8的顶板8a上,其上端与驱动单元11连接,驱动单元11固定在过滤装置2的上机架12上。
若干(在本实施例中为四个)由楔形网线构成的筒形滤网3固定在滤网支座8的底板8b上,垂直向下浸入待处理的液体中。
在本实施例中,滤网3如图4所示具有:支承杆4,其沿滤网3的轴线方向延伸,大体上作具有预定间隔的筒形布置,在径向向外的端部具有凸部4a;楔形网线5,该网线在支承杆4的外侧大体上沿支承杆4交叉的方向作螺旋形缠绕。楔形网线5以其一侧5a朝向外面布置,以其其他两侧5b和5c作形成缝隙6的布置,该缝隙在相邻楔形网线部分之间径向向内扩展,楔形网线5向内的尖端5d与支承杆4凸部4a在楔形网线5和支承杆4的交叉点7上相焊接。对滤网3的下端用封板13封闭(图1)。楔形网线5构成筒形过滤构件。
滤网3敞开的上端与中空滤网支座8的内部空间连通,中空传动轴10也与滤网支座8的内部空间连通。传动轴穿过驱动单元11而延伸,构成待处理液体出口的软管14与传动轴10的上端连接。
驱动单元11具有电动马达(未示出)和已知的如滑块曲柄机构这种驱动机构,用以将往复滑动运动传递给传动轴10而使传动轴10往复垂直地运动。由于这种驱动机构是人们所熟知的,在此略去其图示和具体说明。
现对此过滤装置1的操作进行说明。
在过滤装置的操作中,使泵9操作而将待处理液体从入口2a引入各该滤网3。待处理液体流入滤网3,经过滤的液体在滤网3的内部向上流动并经过过滤网支座8和中空传动轴10流出软管14。
在过滤操作中,驱动单元11连续地或间歇地操作而使传动轴10垂直往复地运动如图1箭头A所示。通过这一操作,使固定在滤网支座8上的滤网3也垂直往复地运动,因此,形成方向不同于待处理液体流入滤网的流动。也就是,形成液体除流入滤网3的水平流动外的相对滤网3表面的垂直往复运动。
在现有的过滤装置中,在待处理流体流入楔形网线5的缝隙6时,粉状固体S沉积在楔形网线W的表面上如图5A所示。按本发明过滤装置1如图5B所示,由滤网3的垂直往复运动引起的液体垂直流动将原来会沉积在楔形网线5表面上的粉状固体S从楔形网线5的表面上清洗掉,使其离开楔形网线5的表面。因此,可防止粉状固体S堵塞楔形网线5的缝隙6。
在本发明另一实施例中,驱动单元11具有电动马达(未示出),传动轴10通过减速器与电动马达的驱动轴连接而使电动马达的旋转传递给传动轴10。在此实施例中,传动轴10通过驱动单元11中电动马达的驱动绕其轴线旋转如图1中箭头B所示,因此,滤网支座8也随传动轴10旋转。这在容器2的待处理液体中形成涡流而这涡流造成液体方向不同于流入滤网3方向的流动。因此,这种涡流将原来会沉积在滤网3表面上的固体颗粒清洗掉而取得与图1实施例相同的优点。
在此实施例中,传动轴10按顺时针方向旋转,但传动轴10也可按逆时针方向旋转或交替地按顺时针方向和逆时针方向旋转。
图6和7示出本发明另一实施例。在此实施例和以下各实施例中,对与图1中所用相同的构件采用与图1实施例相同的参考字符而略去其说明。
在图6实施例中,容器2在其顶壁部分形成一水平延伸的狭槽2c,传动轴10在此狭槽2c内是宽松地安装的。传动轴10的上端穿过驱动单元20的滑块21并固定其上。驱动单元20具有驱动机构24,驱动机构具有电动马达和已知的如滑块曲轴机构这种驱动机构,此机构通过连杆25将往复运动传递给滑块21。滑块21具有与一对水平轨道23啮合的滚轮22。操作驱动单元20就使滑块21沿箭头C、C′方向往复地运动。这就使传动轴10在容器2的狭槽2c内沿箭头D、D′方向往复地运动,从而使滤网3在待处理液体内沿箭头D、D′方向往复地运动。这就形成方向不同于流入滤网3方向的流动(水平流动),从而将悬浮固体从滤网3表面上清洗掉。
作为流动形成装置,可将图1和图6实施例的驱动单元组合在一起,将垂直往复运动、水平旋转运动和水平往复运动中至少两种运动传递给滤网3。
图8和9示出本发明另一实施例。
在此实施例中,将水平地设置的盘状封板30固定在容器2上部内壁上。
在此封板30上固定着若干筒状滤网3,滤网垂直地延伸而穿过此封板30并固定其上。在容器2的下部形成用以引入待处理液体的入口2d,在封板30上方容器2的上部形成用以放出经处理液体的出口2e。
在此实施例中,容器2的入口2d是相对于容器2外周的法线水平而倾斜地布置的。
按此实施例,通过倾斜的入口2d流入容器2的待处理液体形成涡流,此涡流具有方向不同于流入滤网3方向的流动,因而将悬浮固体从滤网3表面上清洗掉。
图10示出与图8实施例类似但具有不同涡流形成装置的另一实施例。在图8和10的实施例中对相同的构件采用相同的参考字符而略去其说明。
在图10实施例中,入口2a的布置与图1和6实施例相同而涡流形成装置为装在容器2内底面上的搅拌器40。搅拌器40包括马达41和由马达41驱动的螺旋桨42。通过螺旋桨42的旋转形成方向不同于流入滤网3方向的涡流。
图11示出本发明另一实施例。此实施例包括两个容器50和50′。此两容器50和50′通过两个水平延伸的接管53和54在其上部和下部彼此连通而连在一起。垂直延伸的出口管51和51′与滤网支座8的顶板8a连接而与滤网支座8的内部连通。出口管51和51′固定在过滤装置1的机架52上。在接管54内备有包括马达56和螺旋桨54的涡轮55。
将待处理液体由泵58通过入口50a引入容器50。在涡轮55操作时,待处理液体通过经由入口50a、接管53、容器50′、接管54和容器50的路线进行循环。这就形成方向不同于流入滤网3方向的流动(垂直流动),因而从滤网3的表面上清洗掉悬浮固体。
图12示出的实施例具有与图11实施例相同的结构,在此两实施例中,对相同的构件采用相同的参考字符来表示而略去其说明。
在图12实施例中,流动形成装置为装在接管54内的泵60。通过泵60的启动,形成方向不同于流入滤网3方向的流动,因而将悬浮固体从滤网3上清洗掉。
在图11和12实施例中是将两个容器连在一起的,但可以将三个或三个以上的容器彼此连在一起。
在上述各实施例中,采用楔形线滤网。本发明不仅可用于采用楔形线滤网的过滤装置,但还可用于如采用网状滤网、采用滤布、采用冲孔金属板滤网、采用空心丝薄膜过滤器之类的过滤装置。

Claims (3)

1.一种过滤装置,具有:
一容器,具有用以引入待处理液体的入口;
一滤网,装在容器内,容器具有放出经处理液体的出口;和
流动形成装置,用以使待处理液体在所述容器中和所述滤网外部在过滤过程中形成方向不同于待处理液体从滤网外部流入滤网方向的流动,所述流动形成装置是使滤网在待处理液体中垂直而往复地运动的装置和使滤网在待处理液体中水平地转动的装置的组合。
2.一种过滤装置,具有:两个容器,分别具有一个用于引入待处理液体的入口;两个连接管,连接所述两个容器使其相互连通,所述管之一使待处理液体从所述容器之一流到另一个中,所述管的另一个使待处理液体从另一个容器流到这一个容器中;一滤网,装在所述容器的每一个中,容器有一个放出经处理液体的出口;流动形成装置,用以使待处理液体在所述容器中和所述滤网外部在过滤过程中形成方向不同于待处理液体从滤网外部流入滤网方向的流动,所述流动形成装置是一个装在所述连接管之一中的涡轮,用以引起待处理液体在容器之间的循环。
3.一种过滤装置,具有:两个容器,分别具有一个用于引入待处理液体的入口;两个连接管,连接所述两个容器使其相互连通,所述管之一使待处理液体从所述容器之一流到另一个中,所述管的另一个使待处理液体从另一个容器流到这一个容器中;一滤网,装在所述容器的每一个中,容器有一个放出经处理液体的出口;流动形成装置,用以使待处理液体在所述容器中和所述滤网外部在过滤过程中形成方向不同于待处理液体从滤网外部流入滤网方向的流动,所述流动形成装置是一个装在所述连接管之一中的泵,用以引起待处理液体在容器之间的循环。
CN99104538A 1998-03-30 1999-03-30 过滤装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1084638C (zh)

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CA2262030A1 (en) 1999-09-30
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US6177006B1 (en) 2001-01-23
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