CN108462540B - Phased array antenna calibration device and system - Google Patents
Phased array antenna calibration device and system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
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Abstract
The invention provides a calibration device and a system of a phased array antenna, wherein the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of radiating units, and the calibration device is characterized by comprising: the phased array antenna is positioned in the radiation range of the near-field signal source; the signal processing system is respectively connected with the plurality of radiation units and the near-field signal source; the near-field signal source is used for transmitting a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna under the control of the signal processing system; the signal processing system is used for calibrating each radiating element of the phased array antenna according to the near field test continuous wave calibration signal received by each radiating element and the pre-stored coupling phase difference between each radiating element. According to the invention, the near-field signal source and the pre-stored coupling phase difference are utilized to calibrate each radiation unit, so that the problem that the far-field signal source cannot be adopted for calibration due to the installation environment in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent transportation, in particular to a calibration device and a calibration system for a phased array antenna.
Background
The phased array antenna is an array formed by a plurality of radiating units, and the antenna directional diagram can be changed by controlling the amplitude and the phase control phase of radio frequency signals of each radiating unit so as to achieve the purpose of beam scanning, and the accuracy and the change of the amplitude and the phase of each radiating unit directly influence the accuracy of beam scanning. The receiving channels corresponding to the radiation units of the phased array antenna use independent phase-locked loops as local oscillators, and the phase-locked loops share reference frequencies, so that the stability and consistency of the amplitude and phase among the receiving channels are difficult to ensure in the use process due to the difference of the performances of devices and the change of the use environment of the antenna.
In the prior art, a far-field calibration method is generally adopted to ensure that the amplitude of each receiving channel is consistent, but the phased array antenna cannot be subjected to far-field calibration in many field operations due to the limitation of the installation environment of the phased array antenna, so that the low side lobe characteristic of the phased array antenna is affected, and the antenna cannot work normally even in severe cases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a calibration device and a calibration system for a phased array antenna, which solve the problem that the calibration cannot be carried out by adopting a far-field signal source due to the installation environment in the prior art.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a calibration device for a phased array antenna comprising a plurality of radiating elements, the calibration device comprising: the phased array antenna is positioned in the radiation range of the near-field signal source;
the signal processing system is respectively connected with the plurality of radiating units and the near-field signal source;
The near-field signal source is used for transmitting a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna under the control of the signal processing system;
The signal processing system is used for calibrating each radiation unit of the phased array antenna according to the near field test continuous wave calibration signal received by each radiation unit and the pre-stored coupling phase difference between each radiation unit.
Optionally, the signal processing system includes: the local oscillation signal generator, the processor and the mixers; the number of mixers is the same as the number of radiating elements;
The local oscillator signal generator is connected with a plurality of mixers, each mixer is respectively connected with a corresponding radiation unit, each mixer is also connected with the processor, and the processor is connected with the near-field signal source;
The mixer is used for carrying out mixing processing on the continuous wave signal output by the radiation unit and the local oscillation signal generated by the local oscillation signal generator to obtain an intermediate frequency signal;
The near-field signal source is used for transmitting a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna under the control of the processor;
The processor is specifically configured to convert the intermediate frequency signal into a amplitude phase, and calibrate each radiation unit of the phased array antenna according to the amplitude phase and the coupling phase difference.
Optionally, the local oscillator signal generator includes: a reference crystal oscillator and a plurality of phase-locked loops; the number of the phase-locked loops is the same as the number of the mixers;
the reference crystal oscillator is respectively connected with a plurality of phase-locked loops; each phase-locked loop is respectively connected with the corresponding mixer;
The reference crystal oscillator is used for generating an oscillation signal and outputting the oscillation signal to each phase-locked loop;
The phase-locked loop is used for generating the local oscillation signal by frequency conversion of the received oscillation signal and outputting the local oscillation signal to a corresponding mixer.
Optionally, the phased array antenna is in a radiation range of a target far-field signal source, and the target far-field signal source is a far-field signal source when the phased array antenna performs calibration;
each radiation unit is used for receiving a target far-field continuous wave signal emitted by the target far-field signal source;
The mixer is specifically configured to mix the near-field test continuous wave calibration signal and the target far-field continuous wave signal output by the radiation unit with a first local oscillation signal generated by the local oscillation signal generator respectively to obtain a first near-field intermediate frequency signal and a target far-field intermediate frequency signal;
the processor is specifically configured to convert the first near-field intermediate frequency signal and the target far-field intermediate frequency signal into a first near-field amplitude phase and a target far-field amplitude phase, and calibrate each radiation unit of the phased array antenna according to the first near-field amplitude phase, the target far-field amplitude phase, and the coupling phase difference.
Optionally, the processor is specifically configured to obtain a first near-field phase difference between each of the radiation units according to a first near-field amplitude phase corresponding to each of the radiation units, where the first near-field phase difference is a difference value between a first radiation unit and a near-field amplitude phase between each of the radiation units and the first radiation unit, and the first radiation unit is any one of a plurality of radiation units;
the processor is specifically configured to obtain a target far-field phase difference between the radiation units according to the first near-field phase difference and the coupling phase difference, and calibrate each radiation unit of the phased array antenna according to the target far-field amplitude phase and the target far-field phase difference.
Optionally, the phased array antenna is in a radiation range of a reference far-field signal source, and the reference far-field signal source is a far-field signal source when the phased array antenna leaves the factory;
each radiation unit is used for receiving a reference far-field continuous wave signal emitted by the reference far-field signal source;
The mixer is specifically configured to mix the near-field test continuous wave calibration signal and the reference far-field continuous wave signal output by the radiation unit with a second local oscillation signal generated by the local oscillation signal generator, so as to obtain a second near-field intermediate frequency signal and a reference far-field intermediate frequency signal respectively;
The processor is specifically configured to convert the second near-field intermediate frequency signal and the reference far-field intermediate frequency signal into a second near-field amplitude phase and a reference far-field amplitude phase, obtain the coupling phase difference according to the second near-field amplitude phase and the reference far-field amplitude phase, and store the coupling phase difference.
Optionally, the signal processing system further includes: an analog-to-digital A/D converter;
The A/D converter is respectively connected with the processor and the mixers;
The A/D converter is used for converting the intermediate frequency signal output by the mixer into a digital signal and outputting the digital signal to the processor;
the processor is used for acquiring an amplitude phase corresponding to the digital signal according to the digital signal.
Optionally, the near field signal source is disposed around the radiation units or in an array, and a distance between the near field signal source and each radiation unit satisfies a preset near field distance.
Optionally, the reference far-field signal source is disposed in a normal direction of the phased array antenna array surface, and a distance between the far-field signal source and each radiation unit meets a preset far-field distance.
A second aspect of the invention provides a calibration system for a phased array antenna, comprising: a phased array antenna and a calibrating device of the phased array antenna;
the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of radiating elements, and a calibration processing device of the phased array antenna is connected with each radiating element.
The invention provides a calibration device and a system of a phased array antenna, wherein the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of radiating units, and the calibration device comprises: the phased array antenna is positioned in the radiation range of the near-field signal source; the signal processing system is respectively connected with the plurality of radiation units and the near-field signal source; the near-field signal source is used for transmitting a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna under the control of the signal processing system; the signal processing system is used for calibrating each radiating element of the phased array antenna according to the near field test continuous wave calibration signal received by each radiating element and the pre-stored coupling phase difference between each radiating element. The calibration device of the phased array antenna provided by the invention is suitable for calibrating the radiating units in various antenna installation environments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration device of a phased array antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which the calibration device for a phased array antenna provided by the present invention is applicable;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the calibration device of the phased array antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram III of a calibration device of a phased array antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which a coupling phase difference in a calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna is obtained according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a calibration flow of a calibration device for a phased array antenna according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration device for a phased array antenna according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a calibration device 10 for a phased array antenna according to the present embodiment includes: a signal processing system 11 and a near field signal source 12.
The phased array antenna provided by the embodiment comprises a plurality of radiating elements, the plurality of radiating elements can be arranged according to a certain rule to form an array, the antenna directional diagram can be changed by controlling the amplitude and the phase control phase of radio frequency signals of each radiating element, so that the purpose of beam scanning is achieved, the accuracy and the change of the amplitude and the phase of each radiating element directly influence the accuracy of beam scanning, and further the low side lobe characteristic of the phased array antenna is influenced.
In the phased array antenna, the amplitude and phase of signals received by each radiating element tend to deviate due to different use environments or along with the change of the performance of the device, in the prior art, a far-field calibration method is generally adopted, because the distance from a far-field signal source to each radiating element meets the far-field distance requirement, at the moment, the signals emitted by the far-field signal sources received by each radiating element tend to plane waves, the phases of the plane waves reaching each radiating element are consistent, and each radiating element in the phased array antenna is calibrated according to the characteristics. And after the antenna is installed, the far-field calibration method cannot be adopted for calibration due to the limitation of the installation environment.
In this embodiment, a near field signal source 12 is introduced into the phased array antenna, where the near field signal source 12 may be disposed around the radiating elements or at a position in the array, and after the phased array antenna leaves the factory, the position of the near field signal source 12 relative to each radiating element is unchanged; the phased array antenna is located within the radiation range of the near field signal source 12.
The signal processing system 11 provided in this embodiment is respectively connected to a plurality of radiation units and a near-field signal source 12, where the near-field signal source 12 is configured to transmit a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna under the control of the signal processing system 11; the same frequency meaning of the near field test continuous wave calibration signal and the phased array antenna is as follows: the near field test continuous wave calibration signal is the same frequency as the frequency receivable by the receiving channels of each radiating element in the phased array antenna.
When the calibration of each radiation unit of the phased array antenna is carried out, a near field signal source 12 is started, each radiation unit receives a near field test continuous wave calibration signal and outputs the near field test continuous wave calibration signal to a signal processing system 11, a coupling phase difference among each radiation unit is prestored in the signal processing system 11, and the signal processing system 11 calibrates each radiation unit according to the near field test continuous wave calibration signal and the coupling phase difference; specifically, once the phased array antenna leaves the factory, the relative positions of the radiation units are determined, and the coupling phase difference between the radiation units is a constant value.
Specifically, the coupling phase difference between the radiation units can be obtained in such a way that when the phased array antenna leaves the factory, the reference far-field signal source can be placed in the normal direction of the array surface of the phased array antenna due to the fact that the antenna is not limited by an installation environment, and the distance from the reference far-field signal source to the phased array radiation unit meets the requirement of the preset far-field distance, and the phased array antenna is located in the radiation range of the reference far-field signal source.
At this time, the phase of the plane wave emitted by the reference far-field signal source reaches the phase of each radiation unit of the phased array antenna, the near-field signal source 12 is closed, the reference far-field signal source is opened, and the reference far-field continuous wave signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna is emitted.
The signal processing system 11 determines a reference far-field phase difference for each radiating element from the reference far-field continuous wave signal received by each radiating element.
Closing the reference far-field signal source, opening the near-field signal source 12, transmitting a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna, and determining the near-field phase difference of each radiation unit by the signal processing system 11 according to the near-field test continuous wave calibration signal received by each radiation unit.
The signal processing system 11 obtains the coupling phase difference according to the reference far-field phase difference and the near-field signal phase difference of each radiation unit, and the obtaining manner of the coupling phase difference may be vector addition of the reference far-field phase difference and the near-field signal phase difference corresponding to each radiation unit, which is conceivable by those skilled in the art, and the signal processing system 11 may also obtain the coupling phase difference in other manners, which is not limited in this embodiment.
Optionally, each reference far-field signal source and near-field signal source 12 may be provided with a manual switch, which is turned on and off by manual control, or may be provided with an automatic switch, so as to automatically control the on and off of the near-field signal source 12, which is not particularly limited.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario suitable for the calibration device for a phased array antenna according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, when the phased array antenna is installed and used, and when the calibration processing device for a phased array antenna according to the present embodiment is used for calibrating each radiating element, each radiating element receives a target far-field continuous wave signal emitted by a target far-field signal source, and due to various reasons (including performance reasons of internal devices of each radiating element and external environmental reasons), the amplitude phase of the target far-field continuous wave signal received by each radiating element is offset, and the signal processing system 11 calibrates the target far-field continuous wave signal received by each radiating element of the phased array antenna according to the near-field test continuous wave calibration signal received by each radiating element and a pre-stored coupling phase difference between each radiating element.
The present embodiment provides a calibration apparatus of a phased array antenna including a plurality of radiation units, the calibration apparatus including: the phased array antenna is positioned in the radiation range of the near-field signal source; the signal processing system is respectively connected with the plurality of radiation units and the near-field signal source; the near-field signal source is used for transmitting a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna under the control of the signal processing system; the signal processing system is used for calibrating each radiating element of the phased array antenna according to the near field test continuous wave calibration signal received by each radiating element and the pre-stored coupling phase difference between each radiating element. The calibration device of the phased array antenna provided by the invention is suitable for calibrating the radiating units in various antenna installation environments.
Next, a signal processing system in the phased array antenna calibration apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the phased array antenna calibration apparatus according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a signal processing system 11 in the phased array antenna calibration apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment includes: a local oscillator signal generator 111, a processor 113, and a plurality of mixers 112.
The number of the mixers 112 is the same as the number of the radiating elements, the local oscillation signal generator 111 is connected to the plurality of mixers 112, each mixer 112 is connected to a corresponding radiating element, each mixer 112 is further connected to a processor 113, and the processor 113 is connected to the near-field signal source 12.
The near field signal source 12 is configured to transmit a near field test continuous wave calibration signal at the same frequency as the phased array antenna under control of the processor 113.
The local oscillation signal generator 111 is configured to generate a local oscillation signal, where the frequency of the local oscillation signal may be different from the frequencies emitted by the near-field signal source 12 and the far-field signal source; the mixer 112 is configured to perform mixing processing on a continuous wave signal (including a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal, a target far-field continuous wave signal, and a reference far-field continuous wave signal) output by the radiating unit and a local oscillator signal generated by the local oscillator signal generator 111, and specifically, in this embodiment, the mixer 112 includes a 90-degree bridge and a 0-degree power divider, and mixes the continuous wave signal and the local oscillator signal by using a quadrature phase shift keying technology to obtain I, Q sets of quadrature intermediate frequency signals.
The signal processing system 11 provided in this embodiment further includes: analog-to-digital a/D converter 115.
The a/D converter 115 is connected to the processor 113 and the plurality of mixers 112, respectively; the a/D converter 115 is configured to convert the I, Q two sets of quadrature intermediate frequency signals output from the mixer 112 into digital signals, and output the digital signals to the processor 113.
The processor 113 is specifically configured to convert the intermediate frequency signal into an amplitude phase, where the specific process may be to use an I-path digital signal of two sets of I, Q orthogonal intermediate frequency signals of each radiating element as a real part of a complex number and use a Q-path digital signal as an imaginary part of the complex number, to obtain an amplitude phase (represented by a complex number) corresponding to a signal received by each radiating element, and the processor calibrates each radiating element of the phased array antenna according to the amplitude phase and a pre-stored coupling phase difference.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram three of a calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, optionally, a local oscillation signal generator 111 provided in this embodiment includes: reference crystal 1111 and a number of phase-locked loops 1112, the number of phase-locked loops 1112 being the same as the number of mixers 112.
The reference crystal oscillator 1111 is respectively connected to a plurality of phase-locked loops 1112, each phase-locked loop 1112 is respectively connected to a corresponding mixer 112, the reference crystal oscillator 1111 is configured to generate an oscillation signal and output the oscillation signal to each phase-locked loop 1112, and the phase-locked loop 1112 is configured to convert the received oscillation signal to generate a local oscillation signal and output the local oscillation signal to the corresponding mixer 112.
In this embodiment, the processor converts the received signals (including the near-field test continuous wave calibration signal, the target far-field continuous wave signal and the reference far-field continuous wave signal) into the amplitude phase represented in a complex form, so that calibration is more conveniently performed on each radiation unit, and the consistency of the receiving channels of each radiation unit is ensured.
On the basis of the above embodiment, fig. 5 is a schematic view of a scenario when the coupling phase difference in the calibration device for a phased array antenna is obtained, and fig. 6 is a schematic view of a calibration flow of the calibration device for a phased array antenna.
Several of the phased array antenna radiating element calibration procedures are described below. Specifically, when the antenna leaves the factory, the processor obtains the coupling phase difference between each radiation unit according to the amplitude phase of the near-field signal source and the reference far-field signal source; the second process is that after the phased array antenna is installed, when the phased array antenna is started each time or the installation environment is changed, a processor obtains a target far-field phase difference according to a near-field signal source phase difference and a pre-stored coupling phase difference; and in the third process, when calibrating the phased array antenna, the processor calibrates each radiation unit according to the target far-field phase difference and the target far-field amplitude phase.
The first procedure for calibrating each radiating element of a phased array antenna is described in detail below with reference to fig. 5 and 6.
When the phased array antenna leaves the factory, the reference far-field signal source can be placed in the normal direction of the array surface of the phased array antenna, the distance from the reference far-field signal source to the phased array radiating unit meets the requirement of the preset far-field distance, the phased array antenna is in the radiation range of the reference far-field signal source, the phase of plane waves emitted by the reference far-field signal source reaches all radiating units of the phased array antenna at the moment is consistent, the near-field signal source 12 is closed, the reference far-field signal source is opened, and the reference far-field continuous wave signals with the same frequency as the phased array antenna are emitted.
Each radiation unit is used for receiving a reference far-field continuous wave signal f A emitted by a reference far-field signal source; the reference crystal 1111 is started, and the reference crystal 1111 is used for generating a second oscillation signal, and after the second oscillation signal is converted by the phase-locked loop 1112 corresponding to each radiating unit, a second local oscillation signal f 1,f2......fN is generated and output, and the second local oscillation signal f 1,f2......fN is output to each mixer 112, where 1,2, … … N is the number of the radiating unit, and f 1,f2......fN is the second local oscillation signal corresponding to each radiating unit.
As shown in fig. 6, the first process includes the steps of:
S601, the mixer mixes the second local oscillation signal with the reference far-field continuous wave signal to obtain two groups of orthogonal reference far-field intermediate frequency signals.
Specifically, the mixer 112 adopts a quadrature phase shift keying technology, and the second local oscillation signal is mixed with the reference far-field continuous wave signal received by the radiation unit through a 90-degree bridge and a 0-degree power divider to obtain I, Q two groups of orthogonal reference far-field intermediate frequency signals.
S602, the A/D converter converts two groups of orthogonal reference far-field intermediate frequency signals into reference far-field digital signals, and the processor converts the reference far-field digital signals into reference far-field amplitude and phase.
Specifically, I, Q two sets of orthogonal reference far-field intermediate frequency signals are converted into reference far-field digital signals through the a/D converter 115, and the processor 113 obtains the reference far-field amplitude and phase corresponding to each radiating element by using I, Q reference far-field digital signals of each radiating element as the real part and the imaginary part of complex numbers respectivelyWhere r 1、r2……rN is the amplitude in the reference far-field amplitude phase corresponding to each radiating element, θ 1、θ2 … … and θ N are the phases in the reference far-field amplitude phase corresponding to each radiating element, j, ω and t are coefficients in complex functions, and in this embodiment, there is no specific meaning.
S603, the processor determines a reference far-field phase difference between the radiation units.
The processor 113 takes a first radiating element i as a reference radiating element, acquires a reference far-field phase difference phi 1i,φ2i......φNi between each radiating element and the first radiating element i, wherein phi 1i is a reference far-field phase difference between the 1 st radiating element and the reference radiating element, phi 2i is a reference far-field phase difference … … phi Ni between the 2 nd radiating element and the reference radiating element, and specifically, the reference far-field phase difference between the reference radiating element and itself is 0. Wherein the first radiating element i is any one of a plurality of radiating elements.
The reference far-field signal source is turned off, the near-field signal source 12 is turned on, and a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal f B of the same frequency as the phased array antenna is emitted.
S604, the mixer mixes the second local oscillation signal with the near-field continuous wave signal to obtain two groups of orthogonal second near-field intermediate frequency signals.
The mixer 112 adopts quadrature phase shift keying technology, and the second local oscillation signals are mixed with near field test continuous wave calibration signals received by the radiation unit through a 90-degree bridge and a 0-degree power divider respectively to obtain I, Q two groups of quadrature second near field intermediate frequency signals.
S605, the A/D converter converts the two groups of orthogonal second near-field intermediate frequency signals into second near-field digital signals, and the processor converts the second near-field digital signals into second near-field amplitude phases.
I. The Q two groups of orthogonal second near-field intermediate frequency signals are converted into second near-field digital signals through the A/D converter 115, and the processor 113 respectively uses I, Q second near-field digital signals of each radiating unit as the real part and the imaginary part of a complex number to obtain a second near-field amplitude phase corresponding to each radiating unitWhere l 1、l2……lN is the amplitude in the second near-field amplitude phase corresponding to each radiating element, θ '1、θ'2 … … and θ' N are the phases in the second near-field amplitude phase corresponding to each radiating element, and j, ω and t are coefficients in the complex function.
S606, the processor determines a second near field phase difference between the radiation units.
The processor 113 takes the first radiating element i as a reference radiating element, acquires a second near-field phase difference between each radiating element and the first radiating element iWherein/>For a second near field phase difference between the 1 st radiating element and the reference radiating element,/>For a second near field phase difference … …/>, between the 2 nd radiating element and the reference radiating elementIs a second near field phase difference between the nth radiating element and the reference radiating element. Wherein the first radiating element i is the same reference radiating element as in the above described embodiments.
S607, the processor determines the coupling phase difference between the radiation elements.
The processor 113 obtains a coupling phase difference delta 1i,δ2i......δNi between each radiation unit according to the reference far-field phase difference and the second near-field phase difference, wherein delta 1i is a coupling phase difference between the 1 st radiation unit and the reference radiation unit, delta 2i is a coupling phase difference … … delta Ni between the 2 nd radiation unit and the reference radiation unit, and delta Ni is a coupling phase difference between the nth radiation unit and the reference radiation unit.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the sum of the reference far-field phase difference and the second near-field phase difference may be used as the coupling phase difference, and those skilled in the art may think that other ways may also be used to obtain the coupling phase difference according to the reference far-field phase difference and the second near-field phase difference, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the sequence of steps S601-S603 and S604-S606 is not limited, and in this embodiment, the reference far-field phase difference may be obtained first, the second near-field phase difference may be obtained first, or both may be obtained simultaneously.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the signal processing system 11 further includes: the memory 114, the memory 114 is connected with the processor 113, the memory 114 is used for storing the coupling phase difference between each radiation unit output by the processor 113 and the number of the reference radiation unit.
Further, a second process of calibrating each radiating element of the phased array antenna provided in this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2 and 6. .
After the phased array antenna is installed, each time the phased array antenna is started, the near field signal source 12 is turned on, and a near field test continuous wave calibration signal f B with the same frequency as the phased array antenna is emitted. The phased array antenna is positioned in the radiation range of the target far-field signal source, and the target far-field signal source is the far-field signal source when the phased array antenna performs calibration. Each radiation unit is used for receiving a target far-field continuous wave signal f C emitted by a target far-field signal source.
The reference crystal 1111 is started, and the reference crystal 1111 is configured to generate a first oscillation signal, where the first oscillation signal is converted by the phase-locked loop 1112 corresponding to each radiating unit, and then generates a first local oscillation signal f '1,f2'......fN' for output, and outputs the first local oscillation signal f '1,f2'......fN' to each mixer 112.
As shown in fig. 6, the second process includes the steps of:
and S608, the mixer mixes the first local oscillation signal with the near-field test continuous wave calibration signal to obtain two groups of orthogonal first near-field intermediate frequency signals.
The mixer 112 is specifically configured to perform mixing processing on the near-field test continuous wave calibration signal output by the radiating unit, so as to obtain I, Q two sets of orthogonal first near-field intermediate frequency signals.
S609, the A/D converter converts two groups of orthogonal first near-field intermediate frequency signals into first near-field digital signals, and the processor converts the first near-field digital signals into first near-field amplitude phases.
I. The Q two sets of orthogonal first near field intermediate frequency signals are converted into first near field digital signals by the a/D converter 115, and the processor 113 obtains the first near field amplitude phase corresponding to each radiating element by using I, Q first near field digital signals of each radiating element as the real part and the imaginary part of the complex number respectively.
S610, the processor determines a first near field phase difference between the radiation units.
Specifically, the processor 113 obtains a first near-field phase difference between each radiation unit according to a first near-field amplitude phase corresponding to each radiation unit by using the same method as that in the above embodiment, where the first near-field phase difference is a difference value between the near-field amplitude phase between each radiation unit and the first radiation unit with the first radiation unit as a reference radiation unit, where the first radiation unit is any one radiation unit of multiple radiation units, and specifically, the first radiation unit is the same as the reference radiation unit in the above embodiment.
S611, the processor determines a target far-field phase difference between the radiating elements.
The processor 113 performs inverse deduction according to the method of obtaining the coupling phase difference according to the second near-field phase difference and the reference far-field phase difference in the above embodiment to obtain the target far-field phase difference between the radiating units, because the coupling phase difference between the radiating units of the phased array antenna leaving the factory is unchanged.
S612, the mixer mixes the first local oscillation signal with the target far-field continuous wave signal to obtain two groups of orthogonal target far-field intermediate frequency signals.
Specifically, the mixer 112 mixes the target far-field continuous wave signal and the first local oscillator signal by the same method as in the above embodiment, so as to obtain I, Q two sets of orthogonal target far-field intermediate frequency signals.
S613, the A/D converter converts the two sets of orthogonal target far-field intermediate frequency signals into target far-field digital signals, and the processor converts the target far-field digital signals into target far-field amplitude and phase.
Specifically, I, Q two sets of orthogonal target far-field intermediate frequency signals are converted into target far-field digital signals through the a/D converter 115, and the processor 113 obtains the target far-field amplitude and phase corresponding to each radiating element by using the I, Q target far-field digital signals of each radiating element as the real part and the imaginary part of the complex number respectively.
S614, the processor calibrates each radiation unit.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the target far-field phase difference may be obtained based on the coupling phase deviation and the first near-field phase deviation between the radiating elements in the memory 114, and the processor may determine a predetermined calibration value for calibrating the target far-field signal, where the predetermined calibration value is an average far-field amplitude phase obtained by the processor according to the obtained far-field amplitude phase, or may be the predetermined calibration amplitude phase determined by the processor according to the minimum phase offset of calibration phase of each radiating element in the calibration process. The processor determines a target far-field phase coefficient for each radiating element based on the target far-field phase difference and the predetermined calibration value, and stores the phase coefficient as a phase correction coefficient for each radiating element in memory 114.
And the received target far-field amplitude of each radiation unit is multiplied by the phase correction coefficient to obtain the corrected target far-field amplitude of each radiation unit, so that the phase consistency of each radiation unit is ensured.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, each of the embodiments may be implemented separately, or may be implemented in any combination without conflict, without limiting the application.
The sequence of steps S608-S609 and S612-S613 is not limited in this embodiment.
According to the calibration processing device for the phased array antenna, the second near-field phase difference between the radiating units is determined through the near-field signal source, the reference far-field phase difference between the radiating units is determined through the reference far-field signal source, the coupling phase difference between the radiating units is determined through the second near-field phase difference and the reference far-field phase difference, the coupling phase difference is stored, the target far-field phase difference is determined according to the first near-field phase difference and the coupling phase difference in the calibration process, the calibrated target far-field amplitude phase is determined according to the target far-field phase difference and the target far-field amplitude phase, the calibration of the phase of each radiating unit of the phased array antenna is achieved, and the consistency of the phase between the radiating units of the phased array antenna is guaranteed.
The embodiment of the invention provides a phased array antenna system, which solves the problem that the installation environment cannot be calibrated by adopting a far-field signal source in the prior art, and ensures the consistency of signals received by all radiation units.
The phased array antenna system comprises a phased array antenna and the calibration processing device of the phased array antenna provided by the embodiment.
The phased array antenna comprises a plurality of radiating units, and the calibration processing device of the phased array antenna is connected with each radiating unit.
The specific manner and advantageous effects of the operations performed by the individual components of the phased array antenna system of this embodiment have been described in detail in connection with the embodiments of the apparatus, and will not be described in detail herein.
In the several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in hardware plus software functional units.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna, the phased array antenna comprising a plurality of radiating elements, the calibration apparatus comprising: the phased array antenna is positioned in the radiation range of the near-field signal source;
the signal processing system is respectively connected with the plurality of radiating units and the near-field signal source;
The near-field signal source is used for transmitting a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna under the control of the signal processing system;
The signal processing system is used for calibrating each radiation unit of the phased array antenna according to the near field test continuous wave calibration signal received by each radiation unit and the pre-stored coupling phase difference between each radiation unit;
the signal processing system includes: the local oscillation signal generator, the processor and the mixers; the number of mixers is the same as the number of radiating elements;
The local oscillator signal generator is connected with a plurality of mixers, each mixer is respectively connected with a corresponding radiation unit, each mixer is also connected with the processor, and the processor is connected with the near-field signal source;
The mixer is used for carrying out mixing processing on the continuous wave signal output by the radiation unit and the local oscillation signal generated by the local oscillation signal generator to obtain an intermediate frequency signal;
The near-field signal source is used for transmitting a near-field test continuous wave calibration signal with the same frequency as the phased array antenna under the control of the processor;
The processor is specifically configured to convert the intermediate frequency signal into a amplitude phase, and calibrate each radiation unit of the phased array antenna according to the amplitude phase and the coupling phase difference;
the phased array antenna is positioned in the radiation range of a target far-field signal source, and the target far-field signal source is a far-field signal source when the phased array antenna performs calibration;
each radiation unit is used for receiving a target far-field continuous wave signal emitted by the target far-field signal source;
The mixer is specifically configured to mix the near-field test continuous wave calibration signal and the target far-field continuous wave signal output by the radiation unit with a first local oscillation signal generated by the local oscillation signal generator respectively to obtain a first near-field intermediate frequency signal and a target far-field intermediate frequency signal;
the processor is specifically configured to convert the first near-field intermediate frequency signal and the target far-field intermediate frequency signal into a first near-field amplitude phase and a target far-field amplitude phase respectively;
The processor is specifically configured to obtain a first near-field phase difference between each of the radiation units according to a first near-field amplitude and phase corresponding to each of the radiation units, where the first near-field phase difference is a difference between a near-field amplitude and phase between each of the radiation units and the first radiation unit with the first radiation unit as a reference radiation unit, and the first radiation unit is any one of a plurality of radiation units;
The processor is specifically configured to obtain a target far-field phase difference between the radiation units according to the first near-field phase difference and the coupling phase difference, and calibrate each radiation unit of the phased array antenna according to the target far-field amplitude phase and the target far-field phase difference;
the phased array antenna is positioned in the radiation range of a reference far-field signal source, and the reference far-field signal source is a far-field signal source when the phased array antenna leaves the factory;
each radiation unit is used for receiving a reference far-field continuous wave signal emitted by the reference far-field signal source;
The mixer is specifically configured to mix the near-field test continuous wave calibration signal and the reference far-field continuous wave signal output by the radiation unit with a second local oscillation signal generated by the local oscillation signal generator, so as to obtain a second near-field intermediate frequency signal and a reference far-field intermediate frequency signal respectively;
The processor is specifically configured to convert the second near-field intermediate frequency signal and the reference far-field intermediate frequency signal into a second near-field amplitude phase and a reference far-field amplitude phase, obtain the coupling phase difference according to the second near-field amplitude phase and the reference far-field amplitude phase, and store the coupling phase difference.
2. The calibration apparatus of claim 1, wherein the local oscillator signal generator comprises: a reference crystal oscillator and a plurality of phase-locked loops; the number of the phase-locked loops is the same as the number of the mixers;
the reference crystal oscillator is respectively connected with a plurality of phase-locked loops; each phase-locked loop is respectively connected with the corresponding mixer;
The reference crystal oscillator is used for generating an oscillation signal and outputting the oscillation signal to each phase-locked loop;
The phase-locked loop is used for generating the local oscillation signal by frequency conversion of the received oscillation signal and outputting the local oscillation signal to a corresponding mixer.
3. The calibration device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the signal processing system further comprises: an analog-to-digital A/D converter;
The A/D converter is respectively connected with the processor and the mixers;
The A/D converter is used for converting the intermediate frequency signal output by the mixer into a digital signal and outputting the digital signal to the processor;
the processor is used for acquiring an amplitude phase corresponding to the digital signal according to the digital signal.
4. Calibration device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the near field signal sources are arranged around or in an array of the radiation units and the distance of the near field signal sources to each of the radiation units meets a preset near field distance.
5. The calibration device of claim 1, wherein the reference far field signal source is disposed in a normal direction to the phased array antenna array face, and wherein a distance from the far field signal source to each of the radiating elements satisfies a preset far field distance.
6. A phased array antenna calibration system, comprising: phased array antenna, and a calibration device for a phased array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5;
The phased array antenna comprises a plurality of radiating elements, and a calibration device of the phased array antenna is connected with each radiating element.
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| CN109309533B (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2021-05-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Calibration method and device |
| CN111953430A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-11-17 | 深圳市通用测试系统有限公司 | Phased array antenna system level test system and test method |
| CN110361705B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2023-03-03 | 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 | Phased array antenna near field iterative calibration method |
| CN114337863B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-11-07 | 合肥若森智能科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna calibration method, system, equipment and storage medium |
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