CN108736928B - Method and device for controlling beam forming - Google Patents
Method and device for controlling beam forming Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0891—Space-time diversity
- H04B7/0897—Space-time diversity using beamforming per multi-path, e.g. to cope with different directions of arrival [DOA] at different multi-paths
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- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0404—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas the mobile station comprising multiple antennas, e.g. to provide uplink diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a method and a control apparatus for beamforming. One embodiment of the method comprises the following steps: the first amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal is adjusted, and the second amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal is adjusted. The first signal is generated according to the first baseband signal and the first amplitude multiplying power, and the second signal is generated according to the first baseband signal and the second amplitude multiplying power. The first signal and the second signal are provided with a phase difference. The first signal and the second signal with the phase difference are converted into beam forming signals to control the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a communication method and apparatus, and in particular, to a beamforming method and control apparatus.
Background
With the advancement of technology, some technical difficulties still exist in the wireless communication technology using Millimeter Wave (mmWave). Basically, the problem that is faced first is that severe attenuation of wave energy may be encountered during the propagation of millimeter waves. The above-mentioned problems are greatly associated with the millimeter wave communication system operating in a high frequency band and communicating using a considerably large bandwidth. Further, compared to the third generation (3G) or fourth generation (4G) communication systems commonly used today, the millimeter wave communication system uses a relatively high frequency band for communication. It is known that the intensity of the electromagnetic wave energy received by the receiver is inversely proportional to the square of the signal transmission distance and directly proportional to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave signal, so that the millimeter wave communication system will greatly increase the signal energy attenuation amplitude by using the high frequency signal with short wavelength. Also, the use of high frequency signals will cause the antenna aperture to collapse and may result in a decrease in signal energy of the transmitted signal in a millimeter wave communication system. Therefore, in order to ensure the communication quality, the transceiver in the millimeter wave communication system generally needs to use the multi-antenna beam forming technique to improve the signal energy attenuation for the purpose of gaining the performance of transmitting and receiving signals.
Generally, the multi-antenna beam forming technique configures an antenna array including a plurality of antennas at a base station/ue, and controls the antennas to allow the base station/ue to generate beams with directivity. The beamforming technique achieved according to the antenna array is one of the key factors affecting the performance of the mm-wave wireless communication system. Conventional Beamforming communication architectures are mainly implemented by using Phase-Shifter (Phase-Shifter) or Digital-beam (Digital-Beamforming) synthesis techniques. Since the phase shifter generates excessive loss of the main line at high frequency and the phase precision of the adjustment is not high, a large number of Digital-to-Analog (DA) converters are required to be used when the Digital beam forming technology is used, which leads to volume increase. Therefore, the development of millimeter wave beam forming devices with higher accuracy is one of the important issues in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides a beamforming method and a control apparatus, which can implement a beamforming technique with high accuracy without using a phase shifter and without using a large number of digital-to-analog (DA) converters.
An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a beamforming control apparatus, including: the device comprises a first fundamental frequency amplitude control circuit, a second fundamental frequency amplitude control circuit, a mixer and a controller. The first baseband amplitude control circuit and the second baseband amplitude control circuit both receive the first baseband signal. The mixer is coupled to the first baseband amplitude control circuit and the second baseband amplitude control circuit. The controller is coupled to the first baseband amplitude control circuit and the second baseband amplitude control circuit, and adjusts a first amplitude multiplying factor of the first baseband signal in the first baseband amplitude control circuit and adjusts a second amplitude multiplying factor of the first baseband signal in the second baseband amplitude control circuit. The first baseband amplitude control circuit generates a first signal according to the first baseband signal and the first amplitude multiplying power, and the second baseband amplitude control circuit generates a second signal according to the first baseband signal and the second amplitude multiplying power. The mixer receives the first signal and the second signal, and enables a phase difference to exist between the first signal and the second signal. The mixer converts the first signal and the second signal having the phase difference into a beam forming signal to control the antenna.
From another perspective, another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a beam forming control method, including: the first amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal is adjusted, and the second amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal is adjusted. The first signal is generated according to the first baseband signal and the first amplitude multiplying power, and the second signal is generated according to the first baseband signal and the second amplitude multiplying power. The first signal and the second signal are provided with a phase difference. The first signal and the second signal with the phase difference are converted into beam forming signals to control the antenna.
Based on the above, the control device of the present disclosure can separate two baseband signals from the first baseband signal and convert the two baseband signals into a beamforming signal. According to the adjustment of the phases of the two baseband signals, the present disclosure can adjust a beamforming signal with an appropriate phase for a multi-antenna communication system. In addition, the control device of the present disclosure may further generate a plurality of beamforming signals corresponding to the plurality of baseband signals in a case that the input signal is a plurality of baseband signals, thereby transmitting the plurality of beamforming signals carrying different baseband signal information by using the multi-antenna communication system. Accordingly, the present disclosure may implement a beamforming technique with lower line loss and higher accuracy without using a phase shifter and without using a large number of digital-to-analog (DA) converters.
In order to make the aforementioned and other features of the disclosure more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
Fig. 1A, 1B, 1C are architecture diagrams illustrating a beamforming technique.
Fig. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating a beamforming control apparatus for a single antenna and single input baseband signal communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram illustrating a beamforming control device for a multi-antenna and single-input baseband signal communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating modulation of a beamformed signal using a mixer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4A is a schematic diagram illustrating a beamforming control apparatus for a single antenna and multiple input baseband signal communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4B is a diagram illustrating a beamforming control device for a multi-antenna and multi-input baseband signal communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a beamforming control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Conventional Beamforming communication architectures are mainly implemented by using Phase-Shifter (Phase-Shifter) or Digital-beam (Digital-Beamforming) synthesis techniques. When using the phase shifter, the phase shifter is mainly configured at a Radio Frequency (RF) end or a Local Oscillator (LO) end of the beamforming communication system. On the other hand, when using digital beam synthesis, the beamforming communication system adjusts the phase of the baseband signal or the digital signal.
Fig. 1A, 1B, and 1C respectively show the architecture diagrams of the beamforming technique. First, please refer to fig. 1A. In the beam forming apparatus shown in fig. 1A, a phase shifter is disposed at the RF end, and the phase of the analog signal is adjusted by the phase shifter 103 before the antenna transmits the analog signal. In this configuration, the beam forming apparatus is required to configure a corresponding phase shifter 103 instead of the RF terminal of each antenna. However, since the phases adjusted by the phase shifters in different frequency bands are different, and the signals transmitted by the RF end often use different carrier frequencies, it is difficult to precisely adjust the phases of the signals by using the phase shifters in design.
The beamforming apparatus shown in fig. 1B has the phase shifter 103 disposed at the LO end. Therefore, the phase of the LO signal at the phase shifter 103 is adjusted before the LO signal is transmitted to the mixer 101. Since the signals sent by the LO are all at a fixed frequency, in this configuration, the phase shifter 103 can adjust the phase of the analog signal to be sent by the antenna more precisely without being affected by the frequency factor. However, this architecture uses a larger number of mixers 101 than the beamforming device shown in fig. 1A.
The beamforming apparatus shown In fig. 1C generates the beamforming signal by using digital beamforming technology, and the beamforming apparatus can adjust the In-Phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) component signals of the beamforming signal before the two digital signals are converted into analog signals by the digital signal, so that the output beamforming signal has a proper Phase. Under the framework, the beam forming device does not need to use a phase shifter, so the beam forming device is flexible in design. However, this architecture uses a larger number of digital-to-analog (DA) converters, which easily increases the size and cost of the beamforming apparatus.
Fig. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating a beamforming control device 200 for a single antenna and single input baseband signal communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The beamforming control device 200 may include a first baseband amplitude control circuit 203, a second baseband amplitude control circuit 205, a mixer 201, and a controller Ctrl, wherein the controller Ctrl is coupled to and controls the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205.
The first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 may be, for example, Power Amplifiers (PA), which amplify or reduce the amplitude of the input signal by a specific factor and output the input signal with the scaled amplitude. The first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 may be other circuits capable of controlling the signal amplitude, and the disclosure is not limited thereto.
The functions of the controller Ctrl may be implemented using programmable units such as a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processing (digital signal processing) chip, a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array), and other similar programmable units, and the disclosure is not limited thereto.
In the present embodiment, the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 are configured to receive a first baseband signal b1, wherein the first baseband signal b1 may be an analog signal, and the first baseband signal b1 may be generated by converting a digital baseband signal by a DA converter.
The mixer 201 may have two signal inputs coupled to the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205, respectively, an LO signal terminal, and a signal output terminal. The mixer 201 may have a frequency up-conversion function, and may provide a phase difference between two input signals, where the phase difference is an included angle between vectors of the two input signals. For example, if the mixer 201 is an in-phase and quadrature mixer (or IQ mixer), the mixer 201 may treat two input signals as an in-phase component (I component) and a quadrature component (Q component) of its output signal. In detail, the mixer 201 may generate a phase difference of 90 degrees between two received input signals, and may mix the LO signal received from the LO signal terminal with the two input signals, respectively, to modulate an appropriate carrier frequency for the two input signals. The carrier frequency may be, for example, any frequency between 30 and 300GHz (i.e., the millimeter wave band). Thus, the mixer 201 can adjust the carrier frequency of the output signal by the LO signal, and can output an output signal obtained by linearly superimposing (superpositioning) two input signals (I component and Q component). It should be noted that, in each embodiment of the present disclosure, the mixer 201 is assumed to be an IQ mixer, however, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, in other words, the present disclosure is not limited to that the phase difference generated between the two input signals by the mixer 201 is 90 degrees.
The controller Ctrl may adjust the first amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal b1 in the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 by the control signal c1, and adjust the second amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal b1 in the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 by the control signal c 2. In an embodiment, the controller Ctrl may adjust the first amplitude magnification and the second amplitude magnification of the first baseband signal b1 according to the transmission requirements of other devices (e.g., selection of an antenna beam, request of scanning a specific region or an unspecified region … according to an antenna, etc.), so as to adjust the phase of the beamforming signal bm. The first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 generates a first signal s1 according to the first baseband signal b1 and the first amplitude magnification, and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 generates a second signal s2 according to the first baseband signal b1 and the second amplitude magnification. For example, as shown in fig. 2A, the controller Ctrl may adjust the amplification factor of the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 on the first baseband signal b1 to be AI1, so that the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 outputs the first baseband signal b1 (i.e., the first signal s1 shown in fig. 2A) with the amplitude amplified by AI 1. Similarly, the controller Ctrl may adjust the amplification factor of the first baseband signal b1 by the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 to be AQ1, so that the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 outputs the first baseband signal b1 (i.e., the second signal s2 shown in fig. 2A) whose amplitude is amplified by AQ 1.
The mixer 201 can receive the first signal s1 and the second signal s1, and can provide a phase difference between the first signal s1 and the second signal s 2. Then, the mixer may convert the first signal s1 and the second signal s2 having the phase difference into the beam forming signal bm to control the antenna 209. For example, after the mixer 201 receives the first signal s1 and the second signal s2, the LO signal received by the mixer 201 can modulate the appropriate carrier frequency for the first signal s1 and the second signal s 2. In addition, the mixer 201 may regard the first signal s1 and the second signal s2 as I and Q components of the beamforming signal bm to be output, so as to adjust the phase of the beamforming signal bm, so that the beamforming signal bm can be transmitted in an appropriate direction.
A detailed method for adjusting the phase of the beamforming signal bm using the first signal s1 and the second signal s2 can be referred to fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating modulation of a beamforming signal bm by using a mixer according to an embodiment of the disclosure, and the method shown in fig. 3 is applied to the mixer 201 in the beamforming control device 200 in the embodiment of fig. 2A. First, the amplitude magnification of the input signal of the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 can be adjusted by the controller Ctrl. Taking fig. 2A as an example, assuming that the first amplitude magnification corresponding to the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 and the second amplitude magnification corresponding to the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 are adjusted to AI1 times and AQ1 times by the controller Ctrl, respectively, and assuming that the first baseband signal b1 is a time-varying signal, the first signal s1 and the second signal s2 can be expressed as:
s1(t)＝b1(t)×AI1
s2(t)＝b1(t)×AQ1
the mixer 201 may regard the first signal s1 and the second signal s2 as I and Q components of the beamforming signal bm to be output, so as to adjust the phase of the beamforming signal bm, and the beamforming signal bm obtained after being adjusted by the mixer 201 may be represented as:
where ω is 2 pi f, f is the LO signal frequency provided by the Local Oscillator (LO).
As can be seen from the above equation of the beamforming signal bm, when the controller Ctrl is to adjust the phase of the beamforming signal bm to θ, the controller Ctrl may find a point p with a phase angle θ from a circle with R as a radius, find an AI1 value corresponding to θ according to a component of the point p on the I axis, and find an AQ1 value corresponding to θ according to a component of the point p on the Q axis. Thus, the controller Ctrl may adjust the values of AI1 and AQ1 so that the beamforming signal bm may have an arbitrary phase. Generally, the controller Ctrl can adjust the sum of the squares of the first amplitude magnification and the second amplitude magnification so that the value of R is fixed to 1, in other words, the controller Ctrl finds the first amplitude magnification and the second amplitude magnification corresponding to θ in a unit circle with a radius of 1. In this way, the mixer 201 can generate the beamforming signal bm without affecting the amplitude of the beamforming signal bm, and then the power amplifier can appropriately adjust the amplitude of the beamforming signal bm. In an embodiment, the controller Ctrl may also adjust the sum of squares of the first amplitude magnification and the second amplitude magnification so that the value of R is not 1, in other words, the controller Ctrl may also find the first amplitude magnification and the second amplitude magnification corresponding to θ in a unit circle with a radius different from 1, which is not limited by the invention.
As is apparent from the above-described embodiment of fig. 2A, the beamforming control device 200 according to the present disclosure is completed by an analog circuit when adjusting the beamforming signal bm. In the process of adjusting the beamforming signal bm, the first baseband signal b1, the first signal s1, the second signal s2, and the beamforming signal bm are analog signals. Thus, the present disclosure can save a large number of DA converters compared to the digital beam technique synthesis technique shown in fig. 1C. In addition, the beamforming control device 200 does not use any phase shifter in the process of adjusting the beamforming signal bm, so the accuracy of adjusting the phase of the beamforming signal bm by the beamforming control device 200 is not affected by the frequency change of the first baseband signal b1 or the LO signal.
Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram illustrating a beamforming control device for a multi-antenna and single-input baseband signal communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the structure and the operation principle of the beamforming control device 200 are the same as those of the beamforming control device 200 in fig. 2A, and therefore are not described herein again.
The beamforming control device 200 of the present disclosure can be implemented in a single-antenna communication system architecture to control the beamforming signals of the single antenna, or can be implemented in a multi-antenna communication system architecture to control the beamforming signals of the multiple antennas, and fig. 2B illustrates a case of controlling the beamforming signals of 4 antennas. When the beamforming signals of multiple antennas are to be controlled, the beamforming control apparatus 200 of the present disclosure may be configured for each antenna. In the example of fig. 2B, the first antenna 209 is provided with the beamforming control device 200, and the second antenna 309 is provided with the beamforming control device 300 having the same structure and function as the beamforming control device 200. The beamforming control device 300 may include a first baseband amplitude control circuit 303, a second baseband amplitude control circuit 305, a mixer 301, and a controller Ctrl, wherein the beamforming control device 300 may share the controller Ctrl with the beamforming control device 200 to adjust the amplitude magnification of each baseband amplitude control circuit, and may also use different controllers, respectively, and the disclosure is not limited thereto.
The first baseband amplitude control circuit 303 and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 305 of the beamforming control apparatus 300 have the same structure and operation principle as the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 of the beamforming control apparatus 200, i.e. when the controller Ctrl is to adjust the phase of the beamforming signal bm1 of the antenna 309 to θ 1, the controller Ctrl may also adjust the first amplitude magnification corresponding to the first baseband amplitude control circuit 303 and the second amplitude magnification corresponding to the second baseband amplitude control circuit 305 to AI2 times and AQ2 times, respectively, so that the beamforming signal bm1 satisfies the following equation:
where ω is 2 pi f, f is the LO signal frequency provided by the Local Oscillator (LO).
In this way, a plurality of beam forming control apparatuses similar to the beam forming control apparatus 200 are arranged for each antenna, and the controller is used to adjust the first amplitude magnification of the first baseband amplitude control circuit and the second amplitude magnification of the second baseband amplitude control circuit in each beam forming control apparatus. Therefore, the user can adjust the first baseband signal b1 into a plurality of beam-forming signals with different phases according to the plurality of baseband amplitude control circuits, so that the plurality of beam-forming signals have different directivities, and are respectively transmitted to a plurality of signal receiving ends located at different geographic locations through different antennas.
The embodiments of fig. 2A and 2B discussed above discuss a communication system having only a single input signal, and the embodiments of fig. 4A and 4B discussed below discuss a communication system having multiple input signals. Fig. 4A is a diagram illustrating a beamforming control device 400 for a single antenna and multiple input baseband signal communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Taking the input signals as two baseband signals as an example, the beamforming control apparatus 400 may include a first baseband amplitude control circuit 403, a second baseband amplitude control circuit 405, a third baseband amplitude control circuit 411, a fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413, a first adder 415, a second adder 417, a mixer 401, and a controller Ctrl, wherein the controller Ctrl is coupled to the first baseband amplitude control circuit 403, the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405, the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411, and the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 417 to control the four.
The first baseband amplitude control circuit 403, the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405, the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411, and the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413 may be, for example, power amplifiers, which may amplify or reduce the amplitude of the input signal by a specific factor and output the input signal with the scaled amplitude. The first baseband amplitude control circuit 403, the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405, the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411, and the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413 may be other circuits capable of controlling the signal amplitude, and the disclosure is not limited thereto.
In the present embodiment, the first baseband amplitude control circuit 403 and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405 may be configured to receive a first baseband signal b1, the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411 and the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413 may be configured to receive a second baseband signal b2, wherein the first baseband signal b1 and the second baseband signal b2 may be analog signals, and the two may be generated by converting digital baseband signals by DA converters, respectively.
The controller Ctrl may adjust the first amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal b1 in the first baseband amplitude control circuit 403 by the control signal c1, and adjust the second amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal b1 in the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405 by the control signal c 2. In addition, the controller Ctrl may adjust the third amplitude magnification for the second baseband signal b2 in the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411 by the control signal c1', and adjust the fourth amplitude magnification for the second baseband signal b2 in the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413 by the control signal c 2'.
The difference between this embodiment and the embodiment of fig. 2A is that when the controller Ctrl adjusts the amplification factor of the first baseband signal b1 by the first baseband amplitude control circuit 403 to be AI1, so that the first baseband amplitude control circuit 403 outputs the first baseband signal b1 with the amplitude amplified by AI1, the first baseband signal b1 with the amplified amplitude by AI1 (hereinafter referred to as the first output signal) is not directly transmitted to the mixer 401. Similarly, when the controller Ctrl adjusts the amplification factor of the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405 on the first baseband signal b1 to be AQ1, so that the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405 outputs the first baseband signal b1 with the amplitude amplified by AQ1, the first baseband signal b1 (hereinafter, referred to as the second output signal) with the amplified AQ1 is not directly transmitted to the mixer 401.
The controller Ctrl in this embodiment may further adjust the amplification factor of the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411 with respect to the second baseband signal b2 to be BI1, so that the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411 outputs a second baseband signal b2 (hereinafter, referred to as a third output signal) whose amplitude is amplified by BI 1. Similarly, the controller Ctrl may adjust the amplification factor of the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413 with respect to the second baseband signal b2 to be BQ1, so that the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413 outputs the second baseband signal b2 (hereinafter, referred to as the fourth output signal) with the amplitude amplified by BQ 1.
The first adder 415 is coupled to the first baseband amplitude control circuit 403 and the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411, and the second adder 417 is coupled to the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405 and the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413. The first adder 415 and the second adder 417 may be implemented by any circuit that can linearly add two or more analog input signals.
After each of the baseband amplitude control circuits respectively generates the first output signal, the second output signal, the third output signal and the fourth output signal, the first adder 415 may receive the first output signal from the first baseband amplitude control circuit 403 and the third output signal from the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411. Then, the first adder 415 may linearly add the first output signal and the third output signal, thereby generating a first signal s 1'. Similarly, the second adder 417 may receive the second output signal from the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405 and the fourth output signal from the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413. Then, the second adder 417 may linearly add the second output signal and the fourth output signal, thereby generating a second signal s 2'.
The mixer 401 may receive the first signal s1 'and the second signal s2', and may provide a phase difference between the first signal s1 'and the second signal s 2'. Then, the mixer may convert the first signal s1' and the second signal s2' having the phase difference into a beam forming signal bm ' to control the antenna 409. Specifically, after the mixer 401 receives the first signal s1 'and the second signal s2', the LO signal received by the mixer 401 may modulate the first signal s1 'and the second signal s2' with proper carrier frequencies. In addition, the mixer 201 may regard the first signal s1' and the second signal s2' as I and Q components of the beamforming signal bm ' to be output, so as to adjust the phase and the beamforming signal bm ' to enable the beamforming signal bm ' to be transmitted in an appropriate direction.
In one embodiment, the first signal s1 'constituting the I component of the beamformed signal bm' and the second signal s2 'constituting the Q component of the beamformed signal bm' may both be linearly superimposed after being amplitude modulated by the first baseband signal b1 and the second baseband signal b 2. Taking fig. 4A as an example, assuming that the first amplitude magnification corresponding to the first baseband amplitude control circuit 403 and the second amplitude magnification corresponding to the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405 are adjusted to AI1 times and AQ1 times by the controller Ctrl, respectively, the third amplitude magnification corresponding to the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411 and the fourth amplitude magnification corresponding to the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413 are adjusted to BI1 times and BQ1 times by the controller Ctrl, respectively, and assuming that the first baseband signal b1 and the second baseband signal b2 are time-varying signals, the first signal s1 'and the second signal s'2 can be expressed as:
s1'(t)＝b1(t)×AI1+b2(t)×BI1
s2'(t)＝b1(t)×AQ1+b2(t)×BQ1
the mixer 401 may regard the first signal s1' and the second signal s2' as I and Q components of the beamforming signal bm ' to be output, so as to adjust the phase of the beamforming signal bm ', and the beamforming signal bm ' obtained after being adjusted by the mixer 401 may be represented as:
where ω is 2 pi f, f is the LO signal frequency provided by the Local Oscillator (LO).
As can be seen from the above equation of the beamforming signal bm ', the beamforming signal bm' is obtained by linearly adding a signal having a phase θ 1 and an amplitude B1(t) × R1 (hereinafter referred to as a first signal component B1) and a signal having a phase θ 2 and an amplitude B2(t) × R2 (hereinafter referred to as a second signal component B2). Therefore, the beamforming signal bm' can be distinguished into a beamforming signal corresponding to the first baseband signal B1 (i.e., the first signal component B1) and a beamforming signal corresponding to the second baseband signal B2 (i.e., the second signal component B2). According to the adjustment of the phase θ 1 of the first signal component B1 and the adjustment of the phase θ 2 of the second signal component B2, the beamforming control device 400 may use a single antenna 409 to transmit two beamforming signals respectively corresponding to the first baseband signal B1 and the second baseband signal B2.
Although the embodiment of fig. 4A is exemplified by the case where the input signal is two baseband signals, it should be understood by those skilled in the art from the embodiment of fig. 4A that the present disclosure can also be implemented in the case where the input signal is more than two baseband signals. For example, taking the beamforming control apparatus 400 of fig. 4A as an example, when a user wants to transmit beamforming signals corresponding to more than two baseband signals, the user may add two baseband amplitude control circuits and two adders each time one input baseband signal is additionally transmitted, and linearly add output signals of the baseband amplitude control circuits according to the above method, thereby generating a first signal and a second signal corresponding to the input baseband signals, and further generating a plurality of beamforming signals corresponding to the input baseband signals.
Fig. 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating a beamforming control device for a multi-antenna and multi-input baseband signal communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the structure and the operation principle of the beamforming control device 400 are the same as those of the beamforming control device 400 in fig. 4A, and therefore are not described herein again.
The beamforming control apparatus 400 of the present disclosure may be implemented in a single-antenna communication system architecture to control the beamforming signals of the single antenna, or in a multi-antenna communication system architecture to control the beamforming signals of the multiple antennas, and fig. 4B illustrates a case of controlling the beamforming signals of 2 antennas. When the beamforming signal with multiple antennas is to be controlled and the input signal is a plurality of baseband signals, the beamforming control apparatus 400 of the present disclosure may be configured for each antenna. In the example of fig. 4B, the first antenna 409 is provided with the beamforming control device 400, and the second antenna 509 is provided with the beamforming control device 500 having the same structure and function as the beamforming control device 400. The beamforming control device 500 may include a first baseband amplitude control circuit 503, a second baseband amplitude control circuit 505, a third baseband amplitude control circuit 511, a fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 513, a first adder 515, a second adder 517, a mixer 501, and a controller Ctrl, wherein the beamforming control device 500 may share the controller Ctrl with the beamforming control device 400 to adjust the amplitude magnification of each baseband amplitude control circuit, and may also use different controllers, respectively, which is not limited by the disclosure.
The first baseband amplitude control circuit 503, the second baseband amplitude control circuit 505, the third baseband amplitude control circuit 511, and the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 513 in the beamforming control device 500 are identical in structure and operation to the first baseband amplitude control circuit 403, the second baseband amplitude control circuit 405, the third baseband amplitude control circuit 411, and the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 413 in the beamforming control device 400, that is, when the controller Ctrl is to adjust the phase of the component related to the first baseband signal b1 in the beamforming signal bm1' of the antenna 509 to θ 3, and adjust the phase of the component related to the second baseband signal b2 to θ 4, the controller Ctrl may also adjust the first amplitude magnification corresponding to the first baseband amplitude control circuit 503 and the second amplitude magnification corresponding to the second baseband amplitude control circuit 505 to 2 and AQ2, respectively, and the third amplitude multiplying factor corresponding to the third baseband amplitude control circuit 511 and the fourth amplitude multiplying factor corresponding to the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit 513 are adjusted to be BI2 times and BQ2 times, respectively, in which case the first signal s3 'and the second signal s4' can be expressed as:
s3'(t)＝b1(t)×AI2+b2(t)×BI2
s4'(t)＝b1(t)×AQ2+b2(t)×BQ2
the mixer 501 may regard the first signal s3' and the second signal s4' as I and Q components of the beamformed signal bm1' to be output, so as to adjust the phase of the beamformed signal bm1', and the beamformed signal bm1' obtained after being adjusted by the mixer 501 may be represented as:
where ω is 2 pi f, f is the LO signal frequency provided by the Local Oscillator (LO).
As can be seen from the above equation of the beamforming signal bm1', the beamforming signal bm1' is a linear superposition of a signal having a phase θ 3 and an amplitude B1(t) × R3 (hereinafter referred to as the first signal component B3) and a signal having a phase θ 4 and an amplitude B2(t) × R4 (hereinafter referred to as the second signal component B4). Therefore, the beamforming signal bm1' can be distinguished into a beamforming signal corresponding to the first baseband signal B1 (i.e., the first signal component B3) and a beamforming signal corresponding to the second baseband signal B2 (i.e., the second signal component B4). According to the adjustment of the phase θ 3 of the first signal component B3 and the adjustment of the phase θ 4 of the second signal component B4, the beamforming control device 500 of the present embodiment may respectively transmit the beamforming signal corresponding to the first baseband signal B1 and having the phase θ 1 and the beamforming signal corresponding to the second baseband signal B2 and having the phase θ 2 by using the antenna 409, and may also respectively transmit the beamforming signal corresponding to the first baseband signal B1 and having the phase θ 3 and the beamforming signal corresponding to the second baseband signal B2 and having the phase θ 4 by using the antenna 509.
Although the embodiment of fig. 4B is exemplified by the case where the input signal is two baseband signals, it should be understood by those skilled in the art from the embodiment of fig. 4B that the present disclosure can also be implemented in the case where the input signal is more than two baseband signals. For example, taking the beamforming control apparatuses 400 and 500 of fig. 4B as an example, when a user wants to transmit beamforming signals corresponding to more than two baseband signals, the user may add two baseband amplitude control circuits and two adders to each antenna every time an input baseband signal is additionally transmitted, and linearly add output signals of the baseband amplitude control circuits according to the above method, so as to generate a first signal and a second signal corresponding to a plurality of input baseband signals for each antenna, and further generate a plurality of beamforming signals corresponding to a plurality of input baseband signals.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a beamforming control method according to an embodiment of the disclosure, which can be applied to the beamforming control apparatus 200 of the disclosure. The steps for carrying out the method are as follows: in step S501, a first amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal b1 is adjusted by the controller Ctrl, and a second amplitude magnification for the first baseband signal b1 is adjusted. In step S503, the first baseband amplitude control circuit 203 generates a first signal S1 according to the first baseband signal b1 and the first amplitude magnification, and the second baseband amplitude control circuit 205 generates a second signal S2 according to the first baseband signal b1 and the second amplitude magnification. In step S505, the mixer 201 provides a phase difference between the first signal S1 and the second signal S2. In step S507, the mixer 201 converts the first signal S1 and the second signal S2 having the phase difference into the beamforming signal bm, so as to control the antenna 209.
In summary, the control device of the present disclosure can separate two baseband signals from a first baseband signal and convert the two baseband signals into a beamforming signal. According to the adjustment of the phases of the two baseband signals, the present disclosure can adjust a beamforming signal with an appropriate phase for a multi-antenna communication system. In addition, the control device of the present disclosure may further generate a plurality of beamforming signals corresponding to the plurality of baseband signals in a case that the input signal is a plurality of baseband signals, thereby transmitting the plurality of beamforming signals carrying different baseband signal information by using the multi-antenna communication system. Accordingly, the present disclosure may implement a beamforming technique with higher accuracy without using a phase shifter and without using a huge number of digital-to-analog (DA) converters.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and therefore, the scope of the disclosure should be determined by that defined in the appended claims.
Reference numerals
101. 201, 301, 401, 501: frequency mixer
103: phase shifter
200. 300, 400, 500: beam forming control device
203. 205, 303, 305, 403, 405, 411, 413, 503, 505, 511, 513: fundamental frequency amplitude control circuit
207. 307, 407, 507, PA: power amplifier
209. 309, 409, 509: antenna with a shield
415. 417, 515, 517: adder
AI1, AQ1, AI2, AQ2, AI3, AQ3, AI4, AQ4, BI1, BQ1, BI2, BQ2, BI3, BQ3, BI4, BQ 4: magnification of amplitude
b1, b 2: inputting a base frequency signal
B1, B2: signal component of a beamformed signal
bm, bm1, bm ', bm 1': beam forming signal
c1, c1', c2, c2', c3, c3', c4, c 4': control signal
Ctrl: controller
D/A: digital-to-analog converter
I: i component input of mixer
LO: local oscillator
p: point on R radius circle
Q: q component input terminal of mixer
s1, s1', s3, s 3': first signal
s2, s2', s4, s 4': second signal
S501, S503, S505, S507: step (ii) of
θ, θ 1, θ 2, θ 3, θ 4: phase position
Claims (22)
1. A beamforming control apparatus, comprising:
a first baseband amplitude control circuit and a second baseband amplitude control circuit, both receiving a first baseband signal;
a mixer coupled to the first baseband amplitude control circuit and the second baseband amplitude control circuit;
a controller coupled to the first baseband amplitude control circuit and the second baseband amplitude control circuit, the controller adjusting a first amplitude magnification factor of the first baseband signal in the first baseband amplitude control circuit and adjusting a second amplitude magnification factor of the second baseband amplitude control circuit for the first baseband signal;
a third baseband amplitude control circuit for receiving a second baseband signal, wherein the controller is coupled to the third baseband amplitude control circuit and adjusts a third amplitude magnification of the second baseband signal in the third baseband amplitude control circuit;
a fourth baseband amplitude control circuit for receiving the second baseband signal, wherein the controller is coupled to the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit and adjusts a fourth amplitude magnification of the second baseband signal in the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit;
a first adder coupled to the first baseband amplitude control circuit and the third baseband amplitude control circuit; and
a second adder coupled to the second baseband amplitude control circuit and the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit,
the first baseband amplitude control circuit generates a first signal according to the first baseband signal and the first amplitude multiplying power, and the second baseband amplitude control circuit generates a second signal according to the first baseband signal and the second amplitude multiplying power;
the mixer receives the first signal and the second signal, and enables a phase difference to exist between the first signal and the second signal; and
the mixer converts the first signal and the second signal having the phase difference into a beam forming signal to control an antenna,
the third baseband amplitude control circuit generates a third output signal according to the second baseband signal and the third amplitude magnification, and the first baseband amplitude control circuit further generates a first output signal according to the first baseband signal and the first amplitude magnification;
the fourth baseband amplitude control circuit generates a fourth output signal according to the second baseband signal and the fourth amplitude magnification, and the second baseband amplitude control circuit further generates a second output signal according to the first baseband signal and the second amplitude magnification;
the first adder receives the first output signal and the third output signal and generates the first signal according to the first output signal and the third output signal; and
the second adder receives the second output signal and the fourth output signal, and generates the second signal according to the second output signal and the fourth output signal.
2. The beamforming control device of claim 1, wherein the beamforming signal comprises a first signal component corresponding to the first baseband signal and a second signal component corresponding to the second baseband signal.
3. The beamforming control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixer converts the first signal and the second signal having the phase difference into the beamforming signal in a linear superposition manner.
4. The beamforming control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase of the beamforming signal is an arctangent function of a ratio of the first amplitude magnification to the second amplitude magnification.
5. The beamforming control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sum of the squares of the first amplitude magnification and the second amplitude magnification is 1.
6. The beamforming control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sum of the squares of the first amplitude magnification and the second amplitude magnification is not 1.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the phase difference is an angle between a vector of the first signal and a vector of the second signal.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the phase difference is 90 degrees.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the phase difference is not 90 degrees.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband signal is an analog signal and the beamforming signal is an analog signal.
11. The beamforming control device of claim 1, wherein the beamforming control device does not include a phase shifter.
12. A method for beamforming control, comprising:
adjusting a first amplitude multiplying factor for a first fundamental frequency signal, and adjusting a second amplitude multiplying factor for the first fundamental frequency signal;
adjusting a third amplitude multiplying factor for the second fundamental frequency signal, and adjusting a fourth amplitude multiplying factor for the second fundamental frequency signal;
generating a first signal according to the first baseband signal and the first amplitude multiplying power, and generating a second signal according to the first baseband signal and the second amplitude multiplying power;
providing a phase difference between the first signal and the second signal; and
converting the first signal and the second signal having the phase difference into beam forming signals to control an antenna,
generating a third output signal according to the second fundamental frequency signal and the third amplitude multiplying power, and generating a first output signal according to the first fundamental frequency signal and the first amplitude multiplying power;
generating a fourth output signal according to the second baseband signal and the fourth amplitude multiplying power, and generating a second output signal according to the first baseband signal and the second amplitude multiplying power;
generating the first signal according to the first output signal and the third output signal; and
the second signal is generated according to the second output signal and the fourth output signal.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the beamformed signal comprises a first signal component corresponding to the first baseband signal and a second signal component corresponding to the second baseband signal.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first signal and the second signal with the phase difference are converted into the beamforming signal in a linear superposition manner.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the phase of the beamformed signal is an arctangent function of a ratio of the first amplitude multiplier to the second amplitude multiplier.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein a sum of squares of the first amplitude multiplier and the second amplitude multiplier is 1.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein a sum of squares of the first amplitude multiplier and the second amplitude multiplier is not 1.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the phase difference is an angle between a vector of the first signal and a vector of the second signal.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the phase difference is 90 degrees.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein the phase difference is not 90 degrees.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein the baseband signal is an analog signal and the beamforming signal is an analog signal.
22. The method of claim 12, wherein the method is performed without using a phase shifter.
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| US11539424B2 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2022-12-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | System and method for providing channel recovery for angle domain sparse channels |
| TW202316824A (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-16 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Analog beamformer in array antenna and operating method thereof |
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