CN108458558A - 一种中药材的阴干方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中药材的阴干方法,包括如下步骤:A、在晴天露水干后采集鲜中药材;B、将步骤A的鲜中药材均匀铺摊在密闭房间的竹匾上,所述密闭房间内放置若干货架;所述货架上放置有所述竹匾;所述密闭房间内,每50立方米的空间内安装1台除湿机;C、关闭密闭房间的门框,开启除湿机,除湿10~12小时,然后关闭除湿机,让中药材焖闭5~6小时,使药材返潮;D、再次开启除湿机10~12小时,然后关掉除湿机5~6小时,如此反复操作数次,直至中药材的水分降至15%以下。采用本发明的阴干方法,其有意效果是:可以达到传统“阴干”的效果,保存中药材固有的色泽和香气,保证了药性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药材的干燥方法,具体的说,是关于一种中药材的阴干方法。
背景技术
中药材的初步干燥(工序),一般都是在产地加工时进行的。虽然国家药典和地方中药炮制规范都有干燥方法的具体规定,如:“干燥”(大部分中药材)、“低温干燥”(薄荷、青蒿、佩兰、鱼腥草、荆芥、橘叶、月季花、红花、玫瑰花、梅花等)、“晒干”(益母草等)、“阴干”(紫苏叶、辛夷、菊花等)、“日晒夜焖、反复至干”(藿香)。但在产地,中药材的加工条件和加工过程的管理普遍缺乏规范性,一些操作标准很难能得到执行,产地干燥一般以“日晒”和“烘干”为主,“低温干燥”很少实行,“阴干”加工几乎不存在。所以中药材在产地加工源头很容易出现因干燥方法不当而造成药材色泽、气味等发生改变的质量问题。
另外,食品和化学药品都十分重视氧化质变对其品质的影响,中药材受长时间光照和空气影响,其色、香、味也会受到改变,但在实际的中药材加工、贮存、运输过程中几乎不考虑这一问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种中药材的阴干方法,以解决现有技术中的中药材因产地加工源头的干燥方法不当造成药材色泽、气味等发生改变的质量问题。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了如下的技术方案:
一种中药材的阴干方法,包括如下步骤:
A、在晴天露水干后采集鲜中药材;
B、将步骤A的鲜中药材均匀铺摊在密闭房间的竹匾上,所述密闭房间内放置若干货架;所述货架上放置有所述竹匾;所述密闭房间内,每50立方米的空间内安装1台除湿机;
C、关闭密闭房间的门框,开启除湿机,除湿10~12小时,然后关闭除湿机,让药材焖闭5~6小时,使药材返潮(药材组织内的水分由里往外渗透);
D、再次开启除湿机10~12小时,然后关掉除湿机5~6小时,如此反复操作数次,直至药材水分降至15%以下。
进一步的,所述中药材的阴干方法还包括将步骤D阴干好的中药材用PVC薄膜袋分装后密封保存,起到抗氧化变质的作用,保证产品质量。
优选的,所述PVC薄膜袋为黑色PVC薄膜袋,内部装有1公斤中药材。
进一步的,所述PVC薄膜袋内还装有2克食用抗氧化剂(Fe2O3),起到抗氧化变质的作用,保证产品质量。
根据本发明,每个竹匾上平铺3~5cm厚度的中药材。
根据本发明,所述中药材为玫瑰花、梅花、红花、月季花、辛夷、菊花、青蒿、鱼腥草、薄荷、苏叶、橘叶、藿香、佩兰等的花、叶、全草。
根据本发明,所述除湿机的除湿能力为50~90升/天。
根据本发明,步骤B的隔水隔透气材料为瓷砖、塑料薄膜、铝合金玻璃加玻璃胶等。
进一步的,步骤B的密闭房间的四周墙面和地面用瓷砖覆面,顶面铺设至少两层塑料薄膜隔层或者顶面用铝合金玻璃加玻璃胶封顶。
本发明的中药材的阴干方法,其有益效果是:
1、把一些花、叶、草类中药材在产地直接用常温除湿干燥,达到“低温干燥”、“阴干”、“避暴晒”的目的,保存了这些药材固有的色泽和香气,保证了药性。特别是一些芳香类和宜鲜用的中药材,如玫瑰花、梅花、红花、月季花、辛夷、菊花、青蒿、鱼腥草、薄荷、苏叶、橘叶、藿香、佩兰等。
2、本发明将常温除湿干燥后的中药饮片用黑色PVC薄膜袋加食用抗氧化剂密封包装,能起到抗氧化变质的作用,是保证、提高中药饮片质量的措施之一。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步说明。应理解,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限定本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件进行。
本发明的中药材为玫瑰花、梅花、红花、月季花、辛夷、菊花、青蒿、鱼腥草、薄荷、苏叶、橘叶、藿香、佩兰等的花、叶、全草。以下实施例均以鲜鱼腥草为样品。9月上旬,在晴天露水干后,采集鲜鱼腥草,备用。
实施例1阴干法
A、将鲜鱼腥草均匀铺摊在密闭房间的竹匾上,每个竹匾上平铺3~5cm厚度的鲜鱼腥草,所述密闭房间内放置若干货架;密闭房间的外部或内部以及门框用隔水隔透气材料(即密闭房间的四周墙面和地面用瓷砖覆面,顶面铺设至少两层塑料薄膜隔层或者顶面用铝合金玻璃加玻璃胶封顶)与外界隔离;所述货架上放置有所述竹匾;所述密闭房间内,每50立方米的空间内安装1台除湿机,除湿能力为50~90升/天,采用型号DH-858C(杭州山岛电器有限公司)的除湿机;
B、关闭密闭房间的门框,开启除湿机,除湿10~12小时,然后关闭除湿机,让鲜鱼腥草焖闭5~6小时,使鲜鱼腥草返潮;
C、再次开启除湿机10~12小时,然后关掉除湿机5~6小时,如此反复操作3~5次,直至鲜鱼腥草水分降至15%以下,用透明PVC薄膜袋分装成每袋1公斤的小包装。
实施例2
将实施例1获得的鱼腥草用黑色PVC薄膜袋分装成每袋1公斤的小包装,然后密封保存。
实施例3
将实施例1获得的鱼腥草用黑色PVC薄膜袋分装,然后送入中药片厂深加工;经深加工后,用黑色PVC薄膜袋分装成每袋1公斤的小包装,袋内放置2克食用抗氧化剂(Fe2O3)后密封保存。
实施例4(对比例)晾晒法
将鲜鱼腥草均匀铺摊在室外的竹匾上晾晒,每个竹匾上平铺3~5cm厚度的鲜鱼腥草,晾晒至鲜鱼腥草的水分降至15%以下;晾晒时间为上午9时到下午3时晒2天,共12小时;接着,将晾晒后的鲜鱼腥草用PVC薄膜袋分装,然后送入中药片厂深加工;经深加工后,用透明PVC薄膜袋分装成每袋1公斤的小包装。
实施例5(对比例)烘干法
将鲜鱼腥草均匀铺摊在密闭房间的竹匾上,每个竹匾上平铺3~5cm厚度的鲜鱼腥草,所述密闭房间与实施例1的密闭房间一致,每50立方米的空间内安装1台药材烘干机,烘干温度为80~90℃,烘干时间为6~8小时,直至鲜鱼腥草的水分降至15%以下;接着将烘干后的鲜鱼腥草用PVC薄膜袋分装,然后送入中药片厂深加工;经深加工后,用透明的PVC薄膜袋分装成每袋1公斤的小包装。
实施例6比较不同干燥方法对鱼腥草药材的色泽和香气的影响
本发明的产地阴干方法获得的鱼腥草与现有产地干燥方法和烘干方法获得的鱼腥草的色泽和香气显然是不同的,下表显示的是三者的色泽和香气方面的差异,显示阴干方法在色泽和香气上的优势。本发明随机选取10个观察者,观察实施例1、实施例2、实施例3干燥后的鱼腥草的色泽和气味。具体结果见表1。其中,干燥后的鱼腥草的色泽以鲜绿色为优,接着依次为深绿色、绿色、鲜棕绿色、棕绿色、浅绿色、淡黄绿色、浅棕绿色、浅灰绿色、淡灰绿色、淡土绿色、灰棕绿色、暗棕绿色、灰棕色、暗棕色;干燥后的鱼腥草的香气以浓鱼腥香为优,接着依次为鱼腥香、清腥香、清香、微鱼腥香、微香、微土腥香、灰尘香、微焦香、香。
表1阴干方法与晒干方法、烘干方法的干燥效果评价表
从表1的结果可以看出,实施例3的阴干方法获得的鱼腥草的色泽为鲜绿色,香气为浓鱼腥香;实施例4的晒干方法获得的鱼腥草的色泽为淡灰绿色,香气为微鱼腥草;实施例5的烘干方法获得的鱼腥草的色泽为灰棕色,香气为微香,稍带焦烤气。
结论:本发明的阴干方法获得的药材的色泽、香气均优于晒干方法和烘干方法获得的药材的色泽和香气。
实施例7比较不同干燥方法对鱼腥草药材的质量影响
鱼腥草挥发油是鱼腥草药材的香气物质,而甲基正壬酮是鱼腥草挥发油的主要成分。分别从实施例3-5干燥的鱼腥草中称取相同重量的鱼腥草,然后通过测定这三种方法干燥的鱼腥草的甲基正壬酮含量,比较不同干燥方法对鱼腥草药材的质量影响。测定方法为气相色谱法(岛津GC─14A气象色谱仪),n=3,测定结果见表2。
表2甲基正壬酮的含量比较
从表2可以看出,阴干方法获得的鱼腥草的甲基正壬酮含量明显高于晒干法和烘干法获得的鱼腥草的甲基正壬酮含量。
结论:阴干方法对中药材质量的影响低于晒干法和烘干法。
实施例8比较实施例1、2、3的阴干方法对鱼腥草药材质量的影响
分别从实施例1-3的鱼腥草中称取相同重量的鱼腥草样品各一份,样品1为实施例1的鱼腥草,用透明PVC薄膜袋密封包装;样品2为实施例2的鱼腥草,用黑色PVC薄膜袋密封包装;样品3为实施例3的鱼腥草,用黑色PVC薄膜袋加食用抗氧化剂后密封包装。三份样品同时在常温下放置12个月以上,进行氧化质变实验。测定方法为气相色谱法(岛津GC─14A气象色谱仪),n=3,测定结果见表3。
表3不同抗氧化处理后对鱼腥草药材质量的影响
结论:将阴干后的中药材,用黑色PVC薄膜袋密封包装,并添加食用抗氧化剂,可以有效延缓其氧化质变。
综上所述,本发明的中药材的阴干方法,可以保存了这些药材固有的色泽和香气,保证了药性,另外,本发明的中药材阴干好后,用黑PVC薄膜袋密封包装,并添加食用抗氧化剂,能有效延缓抗氧化变质的作用,确保中药材的质量。
以上所述仅是本发明的实施方式的举例,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
A、在晴天露水干后采集鲜中药材;
B、将步骤A的鲜中药材均匀铺摊在密闭房间的竹匾上,所述密闭房间内放置若干货架;所述货架上放置有所述竹匾;所述密闭房间内,每50立方米的空间内安装1台除湿机;
C、关闭密闭房间,开启除湿机,除湿10~12小时,然后关闭除湿机,让中药材焖闭5~6小时,使药材返潮;
D、再次开启除湿机10~12小时,然后关掉除湿机5~6小时,如此反复操作数次,直至中药材的水分降至15%以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,还包括将步骤D阴干好的中药材用PVC薄膜袋分装的步骤。
3.如权利要求2所述的中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,所述PVC薄膜袋为黑色PVC薄膜袋,内部装有1公斤中药材。
4.如权利要求3所述的中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,所述PVC薄膜袋内还装有2克食用抗氧化剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,每个竹匾上平铺3~5cm厚度的中药材。
6.如权利要求1所述的中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,所述中药材为玫瑰花、梅花、红花、月季花、辛夷、菊花、青蒿、鱼腥草、薄荷、苏叶、橘叶、藿香、佩兰的花、叶、全草。
7.如权利要求1所述的中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,所述除湿机的除湿能力为50~90升/天。
8.如权利要求1所述的中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,所述密闭房间的外部或内部以及门框用隔水隔透气材料与外界隔离。
9.如权利要求8所述的中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B的隔水隔透气材料为瓷砖、塑料薄膜、铝合金玻璃中的一种或多种。
10.如权利要求9所述的中药材的阴干方法,其特征在于,步骤B的密闭房间的四周墙面和地面用瓷砖覆面,顶面铺设至少两层塑料薄膜隔层或者顶面用铝合金玻璃加玻璃胶封顶。
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