CN108450966A - A kind of efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae - Google Patents
A kind of efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae Download PDFInfo
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- CN108450966A CN108450966A CN201810189766.7A CN201810189766A CN108450966A CN 108450966 A CN108450966 A CN 108450966A CN 201810189766 A CN201810189766 A CN 201810189766A CN 108450966 A CN108450966 A CN 108450966A
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- semen armeniacae
- armeniacae amarae
- superheated steam
- water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
- A23N5/002—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts for skinning nut kernels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/21—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of efficient peeling methods of semen armeniacae amarae,It peels to semen armeniacae amarae using overheat steam technology,Semen armeniacae amarae will quickly be eluted with water after the processing of semen armeniacae amarae precooling,Remove its surface dirt,Impurity,Superheated steam processing is carried out later,Taking-up is rolled into two with peeling machine,To realize the purpose of quick low emission decortication,The present invention uses superheated steam,Make the spalling in heating of amygdalate epidermis in the environment of high humidity high temperature,Help to realize separation of hull and kernel in the rolling of later stage,And one-to-one relationship is presented with pressure in the temperature of superheated vapour,The temperature of superheated steam can be changed by reducing pressure,It can be by reducing pressure to reduce the saturation temperature of water vapour,And then obtain preferable exfoliant effect,Reduce loss of traditional exfoliating process high temperature water to active ingredient in skin,Greatly remain the nutritive value of almond peel,Be conducive to utilization of the later stage to skin.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to semen armeniacae amarae working process technical field, more particularly to a kind of efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae.
Background technology
Almond is the dry seed of apricot fruit, is in flat heart, plants skin rufous or buff.It is almond nutritious abundant, per hectogram
Containing 23~27g of protein, 50~60g of crude fat, carbohydrate 10g or so in almond, also contain the inorganic salts such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, selenium
The multivitamins such as class and riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, are excellent tonic products.
Simultaneously as containing 3% or so amarogentin in semen armeniacae amarae, in the effect of the β-glucosaccharase coexisted with it
Under can decompose (hydrolysis) and generate benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.Benzaldehyde has special fragrance, is the flavor in almond product
Matter；And hydrogen cyanide belongs to extremely toxic substance, not directly eats, it is necessary to first remove amarogentin.In order to keep amarogentin smooth
It is migrated out from semen armeniacae amarae so as to shorten the de- bitter time, to be first about to its red kind skin (almond peel, content before de- hardship
Account for about 2%~5% or so of almond) remove.
In the industrial production, amygdalate decortication uses at scalding's (95~100 DEG C, 5~40 minutes) or lye more
Reason decortication, then send into peeling machine rubbing to peel processed semen armeniacae amarae.The peeling method there are the shortcomings that：On the one hand it uses
Big (the solid-liquid ratio 1 of water:8~1:20), discharge of wastewater is more, and environmental pollution is serious；On the other hand, apricot is also resulted in after blanching treatment
The variation and loss of benevolence skin structure and nutritional ingredient.I.e. industrial blanching drift processing especially adds the feelings of the chemical reagent such as sodium hydroxide
Under condition, the functional components such as polyphenol, flavones, dietary fiber, amarogentin in almond peel, which can be largely lost, is transferred to decortication water
In, to make originally valuable food functionality ingredient become waste, and then keep decortication Organic substance in water exceeded, it is serious after discharge
It pollutes environment and results in waste of resources；Meanwhile the discharge of this contaminant water is also strictly to be forbidden by environmental protection administration.This feelings
Condition seriously restricts the development of semen armeniacae amarae processing industry, it would be highly desirable to solve.
Studies have shown that semen armeniacae amarae skin not only contains the ingredients such as protein, pectin, flavones, polyphenol, also contain a large amount of form sediment
The dietary fibers such as powder, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin have good application and development foreground.At abroad, almond peel is not only
As animal feed, bioenergy utilization also can be used as.But the Case comparison that domestic-developed utilizes is few.Traditional boiling water and alkali
Liquid is peeled, and as a result leads in skin that nutritional ingredient storage rate is low, decortication water pollution is serious, and browning is serious after almond decortication.Cause
This, how using the traditional boiling water blanching of modern food green processing technologies replacement, while reducing nutrient component damages in skin and giving up
Water discharge has become semen armeniacae amarae processing industry bottleneck to be captured.
Invention content
In order to overcome the shortcomings of present in existing semen armeniacae amarae processing technology, high, decortication that the present invention provides a kind of peeling rates
Time is short, and effective nutrition leak is few, water consumption is few and can retain the integrality of skin, is conducive to hardship of the later stage to the utilization of skin
The efficient peeling method of almond.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae, is to comprise the steps of：
(1) screen semen armeniacae amarae, weed out go mouldy, the incomplete semen armeniacae amarae in surface, by the semen armeniacae amarae of screening be placed in -40 DEG C~
Precooling processing a period of time under 0 DEG C of low temperature environment；
(2) semen armeniacae amarae by precooling processing is placed in mesh container, and semen armeniacae amarae is put into togerther together with container in water, is made
It is loaded with the elution up and down in water of amygdalate mesh container, for water temperature between 20~50 DEG C, the time is 3~60min；
(3) semen armeniacae amarae eluted is drained, is placed in process chamber and carries out superheated steam processing, and come by adjusting pressure
Control superheated steam temperature, make semen armeniacae amarae epidermis be swollen after in high temperature and humidity superheated steam environment quick spalling, take off；
(4) the processed semen armeniacae amarae of superheated steam is transferred in peeling machine and carries out rubbing decortication.
It further limits, precooling processing is 0.5~3h in step (1).
It further limits, step (2) elutes 0.5~4 times that water consumption is semen armeniacae amarae weight.
It further limits, the superheated steam treatment conditions of the step (3) are：Vapor (steam) temperature control is 60~170 DEG C, pressure
Power is 0.02~0.25MPa, and processing time is 2~20min, and relative humidity is 60%~100%, and wind speed is 1~5m/s.
It further limits, the superheated steam treatment conditions of the step (3) are：Vapor (steam) temperature control is 80~100 DEG C,
Pressure is 0.04~0.1MPa, and processing time is 2~5min, and relative humidity 85%, wind speed is 1.5~2m/s.
The efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae of the present invention is peeled to semen armeniacae amarae using overheat steam technology, by semen armeniacae amarae
Semen armeniacae amarae is quickly eluted with water after precooling processing, removes its surface dirt, impurity, is carried out at superheated steam later
Reason, taking-up is rolled into two with peeling machine, to realize the purpose of quick low emission decortication.Compared with prior art, originally
Advantageous effect of the invention is：
(1) it is scalded with conventional hot water compared with (95-100 DEG C) decortication of method, the water of elution almond used in the present invention is room
The warm water and time is also shorter, on the one hand removes its surface dirt, impurity etc., the almond peel that can be removed in this way by later use
It lays the foundation；Another aspect water wash can also play the role of making semen armeniacae amarae epidermis be swollen and then be easy spalling to take off, and
And the colors in semen armeniacae amarae skin are transferred to after scrubbed in decortication water, reduce traditional exfoliating process
The dissolution of middle active ingredient；In addition, the decortication water of the present invention repeated multiple times can use, the dosage of water is about semen armeniacae amarae weight
0.5-4 times, it can save and largely use water, while reduce sewage discharge.Further, since being not necessarily to heat temperature raising with water, therefore reduce
Thermal energy consumption.
(2) present invention uses the environment that superheated steam forms a high humidity high temperature in semen armeniacae amarae exfoliating process, makes place
In amygdalate epidermis spalling in heating therein, to help to realize separation of hull and kernel in the rolling of later stage.In addition, mistake
One-to-one relationship is presented with pressure in the temperature of hot water and steam, and the temperature of superheated steam can be changed by reducing pressure, i.e.,
The saturation temperature (i.e. the pressure of superheated steam can be high or low) of water vapour can be reduced by reducing pressure, and then obtained preferable
Exfoliant effect；Meanwhile loss of traditional exfoliating process high temperature water to active ingredient in skin is decreased, greatly remain
The nutritive value of almond peel, and obtained almond peel is complete, facilitates recycling and preservation after peeling, being conducive to the later stage opens skin
Hair utilizes.
(3) for superheated vapour compared with saturated vapor, moisture movement is more fierce, has such as hot-air one
If sample can make when the substance heat drying substance far lower than its temperature with being touched as saturated vapor and can condense
Two kinds of properties of Cheng Shui, the energy consumption only of superheated steam is low, has fabulous heat conductivity, has dry rapid, time short and energy
The characteristics of measuring recoverable, the hot and humid environment formed with superheated steam replace traditional blanching method, not only peel the time
Loss short but also that almond quality can be reduced.
(4) superheated steam is utilized to peel, β-glycoside in the more effectively passivation semen armeniacae amarae that can also peel than tradition
On the one hand enzyme, polyphenol oxidase reduce and cause because of polyphenol oxidase in the process such as semen armeniacae amarae is peeled and the later stage is drying
The color changes such as enzymatic browning；On the other hand, the enzymolysis of amarogentin during taking off hardship can also be reduced, is promoted and is taken off in misery
The content of amarogentin is provided the foundation for effective exploitation using the amarogentin taken off in misery.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that different decortication modes compare the loss of semen armeniacae amarae weight.
Fig. 2 is the comparison of different decortication mode water consumptions.
Fig. 3 is influence of the different decortication modes to the peeling time.
Fig. 4 is influence of the different decortication modes to polyphenols loss late.
Fig. 5 is influence of the different decortication modes to water color value of peeling.
Fig. 6 is the influence that different decortication modes lose enzyme activity.
Fig. 7 is influence of the different decortication modes to peeling rate.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described in conjunction with attached drawing and experiment.
The present invention the efficient peeling method technological process of semen armeniacae amarae be：
Semen armeniacae amarae is selected, impurity elimination → precooling processing → elution → superheated steam processing → rubbing is peeled
According to the technological process, amygdalate decortication is specifically realized by following methods：
(1) screen semen armeniacae amarae, select that appearance is preferable, the complete semen armeniacae amarae of particle, weed out go mouldy, the incomplete hardship in surface
The semen armeniacae amarae of screening is placed in precooling processing a period of time under -40 DEG C~0 DEG C low temperature environment by almond；
(2) semen armeniacae amarae by precooling processing is placed in the mesh container of tool grid-gap, by semen armeniacae amarae together with container one
It rises into the water, making to be loaded with amygdalate mesh container, elution, the amount of water ensure that semen armeniacae amarae can be submerged up and down in water
, for water temperature between 20~50 DEG C, the time is 3~60min；
(3) semen armeniacae amarae eluted is drained, is placed in process chamber and carries out superheated steam processing, and come by adjusting pressure
The temperature for controlling superheated steam, spalling is taken off in high temperature and humidity superheated steam environment after so that semen armeniacae amarae epidermis is swollen；Steam temperature
Degree control be 60~170 DEG C, pressure be 0.02~0.25MPa, processing time be 2~20min, relative humidity be 60%~
100%, wind speed is 1~5m/s.
(4) the processed semen armeniacae amarae of superheated steam is transferred in peeling machine and carries out rubbing decortication.
Process conditions are as shown in table 1 below used by each embodiment：
Process conditions used by 1 each embodiment of table
In order to verify the technique effect of the present invention, the peeling method of the present invention and traditional scalding's method are carried out pair
Than specific experiment is as follows：
Traditional scalding's method is：Semen armeniacae amarae is placed in 95~100 DEG C of boiling water and is impregnated 5~40 minutes.
(1) weight loss
Weight by semen armeniacae amarae before decortication, after decortication is compared, and calculates the weight loss after decortication, as a result such as Fig. 1
It is shown.
As seen from Figure 1, conventional hot water's blanching method decortication (95-100 DEG C of boiling water, peel time 5min) semen armeniacae amarae matter afterwards
Amount loss 7%, and only lose 0.5% or so after the superheated steam processing method decortication of the present invention.
(2) water requirement
Water consumption in conventional hot water's blanching method exfoliating process is compared with water consumption of the present invention, as a result such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show.
As seen from Figure 2, conventional hot water's blanching method decortication institute water requirement is about 7 times of semen armeniacae amarae weight or so, and
It it is only amygdalate 0.8 times with superheated steam decortication institute water requirement；Difference is even more very big both in terms of displacement, due to the present invention
Colors in semen armeniacae amarae skin are transferred to after scrubbed in decortication water, and eluting amygdalate water can be anti-
It is used for multiple times again, therefore the superheated steam of the present invention is peeled almost without discharge of wastewater.
(3) it peels the time
Superheated steam processing will be directly carried out after the pre-cooled jelly processing of semen armeniacae amarae, records it and peel the time, with the present invention's
Treated that the amygdalate decortication time is compared for precooling+elution+superheated steam, and the results are shown in Figure 3.
As seen from Figure 3, the decortication time can be shortened to 3min by scrubbed pretreatment by 8min, be fully demonstrated
The pretreated advantage of elution before superheated steam decortication.
(4) polyphenols loss late
After the pre-cooled jelly processing of polyphenols loss late and semen armeniacae amarae after conventional hot water's blanching method is peeled directly into
That treated is more for precooling+elution+superheated steam of row superheated steam treated polyphenols loss late and the present invention
Aldehydes matter loss late is compared, and the results are shown in Figure 4.
As seen from Figure 4, precooling of the invention can generate synergistic with elution, superheated steam processing three
Effect, compared with conventional hot water's blanching method, the present invention can greatly reduce the loss of polyphenols in skin.
(5) decortication water color value
By the color value of conventional hot water's blanching method decortication water and institute after precooling+elution+superheated steam processing of the present invention
It is compared with the color value of washing water, the results are shown in Figure 5.
As seen from Figure 5, the color of superheated steam peeling water used is brighter, and red value and yellow value are smaller, this and Fig. 4
The polyphenols of middle loss is consistent.
(6) enzyme activity loses
By vigor loss and this hair of beta-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase in the semen armeniacae amarae of conventional hot water's blanching method processing
The vigor loss of beta-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase is compared in semen armeniacae amarae after bright precooling+elution+superheated steam processing
Compared with the results are shown in Figure 6.
As seen from Figure 6, precooling+elution of the invention+superheated steam processing is to beta-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase
The vigor loss of enzyme is larger, this is to ensure that the stay in grade that later stage semen armeniacae amarae takes off in the process such as bitter, drying is laid a good foundation.
(7) peeling rate
By precooling+elution+superheated steam processing of the semen armeniacae amarae peeling rate of conventional hot water's blanching method processing and the present invention
Peeling rate be compared, the results are shown in Figure 7.
As seen from Figure 7, the also a little higher than routine of peeling rate of precooling of the invention+rinse elution+superheated steam processing
Scalding's peeling rate, meanwhile, the present invention can reduce discharge of wastewater and the influence to qualities such as almond colors.
Pass through above-mentioned Experimental comparison, it is known that the present invention can be in the base for ensuring peeling rate identical as conventional hot water's blanching method
On plinth, discharge of wastewater can be greatly reduced, have loss smaller peel amygdalate quality, color, nutrition etc., and greatly
Ensure that the nutritive loss of semen armeniacae amarae skin is small, the later development for not influencing skin utilizes.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
(1) screen semen armeniacae amarae, weed out go mouldy, the incomplete semen armeniacae amarae in surface, the semen armeniacae amarae of screening is placed in -40 DEG C~0 DEG C
Precooling processing a period of time under low temperature environment；
(2) semen armeniacae amarae by precooling processing is placed in mesh container, and semen armeniacae amarae is put into togerther together with container in water, splendid attire is made
There is the elution up and down in water of amygdalate mesh container, for water temperature between 20~50 DEG C, the time is 3~60min；
(3) semen armeniacae amarae eluted is drained, is placed in process chamber and carries out superheated steam processing, and controlled by adjusting pressure
The temperature of superheated steam, make semen armeniacae amarae epidermis be swollen after in high temperature and humidity superheated steam environment quick spalling, take off；
(4) the processed semen armeniacae amarae of superheated steam is transferred in peeling machine and carries out rubbing decortication.
2. the efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Precooling, which is handled, in step (1) is
0.5~3h.
3. the efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is hardship that step (2), which elutes water consumption,
0.5~4 times of almond weight.
4. the efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The superheated steam of the step (3)
Treatment conditions are：Vapor (steam) temperature control is 60~170 DEG C, and pressure is 0.02~0.25MPa, and processing time is 2~20min, phase
It is 60%~100% to humidity, wind speed is 1~5m/s.
5. the efficient peeling method of semen armeniacae amarae according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The superheated steam of the step (3)
Treatment conditions are：Vapor (steam) temperature control is 80~100 DEG C, and pressure is 0.04~0.1MPa, and processing time is 2~5min, relatively
Humidity is 85%, and wind speed is 1.5~2m/s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810189766.7A CN108450966B (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2018-03-08 | Efficient bitter almond peeling method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810189766.7A CN108450966B (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2018-03-08 | Efficient bitter almond peeling method |
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| CN108450966A true CN108450966A (en) | 2018-08-28 |
| CN108450966B CN108450966B (en) | 2020-02-14 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114146117A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 新疆农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 | Cistanche deserticola peeling method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2944702A1 (en) * | 1979-11-06 | 1981-05-14 | Heribert 5000 Köln Funke | Peeling machine for oranges, for use in canteens etc. - where oranges are first immersed in hot water contg. vinegar to simplify peel removal |
| DE3712556A1 (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1988-11-03 | Buehler Ag Geb | Process for treating seed fruits and apparatus for carrying out the process |
| CN102210478A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2011-10-12 | 法蕾 | Technology for rapidly separating skin of almonds |
| CN105410956A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-23 | 库车荣光食品饮料加工有限责任公司 | Walnut kernel peeling technology, walnut protein drink formula component and preparation technology thereof |
| CN106538933A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-03-29 | 陕西天寿杏仁食品有限责任公司 | A kind of Semen Armeniacae Amarum green barking method |
-
2018
- 2018-03-08 CN CN201810189766.7A patent/CN108450966B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2944702A1 (en) * | 1979-11-06 | 1981-05-14 | Heribert 5000 Köln Funke | Peeling machine for oranges, for use in canteens etc. - where oranges are first immersed in hot water contg. vinegar to simplify peel removal |
| DE3712556A1 (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1988-11-03 | Buehler Ag Geb | Process for treating seed fruits and apparatus for carrying out the process |
| CN102210478A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2011-10-12 | 法蕾 | Technology for rapidly separating skin of almonds |
| CN105410956A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-23 | 库车荣光食品饮料加工有限责任公司 | Walnut kernel peeling technology, walnut protein drink formula component and preparation technology thereof |
| CN106538933A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-03-29 | 陕西天寿杏仁食品有限责任公司 | A kind of Semen Armeniacae Amarum green barking method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114146117A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 新疆农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 | Cistanche deserticola peeling method |
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| CN108450966B (en) | 2020-02-14 |
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Effective date of registration: 20211216 Address after: 841000 No.5, Xinjiang white apricot deep processing high tech park, Luntai County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Patentee after: XINJIANG DADEHENG BIOLOGY CO.,LTD. Address before: No. 199, Chang'an South Road, changyanbao office, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee before: Shaanxi Normal University |
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