CN108450006A - 驱动器的故障安全速度监控 - Google Patents

驱动器的故障安全速度监控 Download PDF

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CN108450006A
CN108450006A CN201680073876.6A CN201680073876A CN108450006A CN 108450006 A CN108450006 A CN 108450006A CN 201680073876 A CN201680073876 A CN 201680073876A CN 108450006 A CN108450006 A CN 108450006A
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维尔纳·切尔尼
马丁·迈纳尔杜斯
渥尔夫-马丁·拉森纳克
尤柳·弗拉伊克
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种对驱动器的速度的故障安全监控，该驱动器具有至少一个变流器、马达和转数传感器的驱动器的速度的故障安全监控，其中，驱动器被预设额定转数并且借助转数传感器检测实际速度。为了在避免已知解决方案的缺陷的情况下实现较高的安全完整性水平而提出，计算替代转数并且在安全CPU的安全程序中执行三个可信性检查，其中，检查三个值、即额定转数、实际转数和替代转数中的各两个。由于计算出的替代转数并不取决于传感器，因此也可以识别出通过以前的硬件解决方案(借助于故障排除)难以或不可能检测到的传感器错误。替代转数可以由例如变流器的输出频率或EMK与磁通量的商确定。

Description

驱动器的故障安全速度监控
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对驱动器的速度进行故障安全监控的方法，该驱动器具有至少一个变流器，马达和转数传感器，其中，驱动器预设有额定转数并且借助于转数传感器检测实际转数。本发明还涉及一种由至少一个驱动器构成的系统，该至少一个驱动器具有至少一个变流器、马达和转数传感器，以及涉及一种用于执行所述方法的装置。本发明还涉及一种所述方法的应用，其用于间接地监控通过辊在造纸机、分切机或涂布机中移动的材料幅面的幅面速度。
背景技术
这样的方法或系统特别地用于应该对具有尽可能高的安全完整性水平(SIL，即“Safety Integrity Level(安全完整性水平)”，例如根据IEC/EN62061的定义)的驱动器进行速度监控的地方。在此，所述方法的应用特别用作如WO2013/127815A1中所述的解决方案的进一步发展。
已知的故障安全的速度监控解决方案使用特殊的安全转数传感器或外部硬件、正余弦传感器和安全认证传感器结构。这些解决方案非常复杂且昂贵。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于故障安全地监控驱动器速度的解决方案，其克服了已知解决方案的缺点。
在开头所述类型的方法中如下地实现该目的，即，其中计算替代转数并且在安全CPU的安全程序中利用三个值、即额定转数、实际转数和替代转数中的各两个来执行可信性检查。
该目的进一步通过具有权利要求6给出的特征系统以及具有权利要求8给出的特征的根据本发明的方法的应用来实现。
根据本发明的解决方案通过使用现有/常规硬件的软件中的计算方法来实现故障安全的速度监控，即，不需要如在已知的解决方案(安全传感器等)中那样的特殊的硬件。在交流驱动器的情况中由变流器的输出频率计算出替代转数，或在直流驱动器的情况中由EMK(电动势或端电压)和磁通量的商计算出替代转数。可以通过三种可信性检查(额定转数-实际转数，实际转数-替代转数，替代转数-额定转数)来达到以前只有通过硬件的解决方案才能达到的安全水平。
此外，还可以识别传感器错误，这些传感器错误(通过故障排除)不能或很难通过迄今为止的硬件解决方案识别。因为在没有计算出替代转数的方法中，不能够通过额定值和实际值(由传感器检测到的实际值)的调节技术的反馈来识别所有的传感器错误，然而为了实现故障安全速度监控，必须识别该传感器错误，例如传感器和传感器轴之间的恒定的转差率。因为所计算出的替代转数与传感器无关，所以这些错误也同样通过根据本发明的方法被识别。
在一个设计方案的有利的方式中，在可信性检查期间分别检查以下标准中的至少一个：
-至少有一个值连续变化，
-两个值之间的差在可预定的容差内，
-两个值之间的差连续变化。
通过检查值和/或两个值之间的差是否连续变化，检查该值是否存在噪声，或者检查两个值之间的差是否存在噪声。如果两个值之间的差在可预定的容差内，那么两个值至少在很大程度上重合。如果至少有一个检验的标准不符合，即，不存在噪声和/或相应值不重合，那么相应的可信性检查是否定的。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，检查安全程序中的实际转数和/或替代转数是否超过至少一个可预定的正极限值或者低于至少一个可预定的负极限值。由于计算出的替代转数与传感器无关，因此通过检查替代转数是否超过极限值可确保系统即使在出现确定的传感器错误(例如传感器和传感器轴之间的恒定转差率)的情况下的安全性。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，当超过正的极限值或低于负的极限值时输出警告信号和/或切断马达。输出警告信号允许操作员采取适当的措施，并且如有必要，手动切断马达。但是极限值也可以预定为，能引起马达的立即切断。
在另一个有利的设计方式中，在至少一个可信性检查的结果为否定的情况下输出警告信号和/或切断马达。警告信号的输出允许操作员采取适当的措施，并且如有必要，手动切断马达。而极限值也可以预定为，能引起马达的立刻切断。
在该系统的设计方案的一个有利形式中，变流器具有用于计算替代转数的装置。通过直接在变流器而不是在安全CPU中执行此简单的计算，不会影响对高安全完整性水平的保持。
根据本发明的方法特别有利地适用于间接地监控通过辊在造纸机、分切机或涂布机中移动的材料幅面的幅面速度。在此，材料幅面被理解为由扁平材料，例如纸、塑料或金属构成的幅面。
在具有通过辊移动的连续运转的材料幅面的机器中，被驱动的辊的圆周速度和与之相关的材料幅面的幅面速度被监控。特别是考虑两个速度阈值：为避免机器损坏而不得超过的最大机械幅面速度，以及允许操作员在机器移动期间进入危险区域、例如执行维护工作的所谓安全速度。
附图说明
接下来，将参照附图中所示的实施例更详细地描述和解释本发明。附图示出：根据本发明的故障安全速度监控的示意图。
具体实施方式
附图示出了由驱动器以及安全CPU6构成的系统1，该驱动器具有变流器2、马达3和转数传感器4并且该安全CPU具有安全程序7。示例性地，变流器2和安全CPU6经由作为通信连接的现场总线5耦联。在所示的实施例中，变流器2本身具有用于计算替代转数11的装置8。在此，在交流驱动器的情况下，由变流器2的输出频率计算出替代转数11或者在直流驱动器的情况中，由EMK(电动势或端电压)与磁通量的商来计算出替代转数。变流器2预定有额定转数9，并且转数传感器4反馈实际转数10。
现在，在安全CPU6的安全程序7中，对这三个转数值中的各两个进行可信性检查，即，在额定转速9和实际转数10之间进行可信性检查12，在额定转数9和替代转数11之间进行可信性检查13以及在替代转数11和实际转数10之间进行可信性性检查14。有利地，在每个可信性检查12-14中，检查各个值中的至少一个是否连续变化，即，遭到噪声的影响；两个值之间的差是否在可预定的容差范围内移动，即，两个值至少基本上重合(但不是持续性地完全重合)；并且两个值之间的差是否连续变化(即同样是否存在噪声)。如果所有三个可信性检查12-14均为肯定的，则认为马达3的转数是安全的。
此外，检查实际转数10和替代转数11两者是否超过极限值15、16。由此，即使存在确定的传感器错误(例如传感器和传感器轴之间的恒定转差率)，也确保了系统1的安全性，该错误(通过错误排除)不能或很难确定。
总之，本发明涉及一种对驱动器的速度的故障安全监控，该驱动器具有至少一个变流器、马达和转数传感器，其中，驱动器预定有额定转数并且由转数传感器检测实际转数。为了在避免已知解决方案的缺点的情况下达到高安全完整性水平而提出，计算出替代转数并在安全CPU的安全程序中以三个值、即额定转数、实际转数和替代转数中的各两个值来执行可信性检查。由于计算出的替代转数与传感器无关，因此也可以识别出迄今为止的硬件解决方案(通过故障排除)难以或不可能识别到的传感器错误。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于对驱动器的速度进行故障安全监控的方法，所述驱动器具有至少一个变流器(2)、马达(3)和转数传感器(4)，其中，所述驱动器预设有额定转数(9)并且借助于所述转数传感器(4)检测实际转数(10)，
其特征在于，
计算替代转数(11)，并且在安全CPU(6)的安全程序(7)中利用三个值、即所述额定转数(9)、所述实际转数(10)和所述替代转数(11)中的各两个来执行可信性检查(12-14)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述可信性检查(12-14)期间分别检查以下标准中的至少一个：
-至少一个值连续变化，
-两个值之间的差在能预定的容差内，
-两个值之间的差连续变化。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，检查所述安全程序(7)中的所述实际转数(10)和/或所述替代转数(11)是否超过至少一个能预定的正极限值(15)或低于至少一个能预定的负极限值(16)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，当超过所述正极限值或低于所述负极限值时，输出警告信号和/或切断所述马达(3)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，在至少一个所述可信性检查(12-14)的结果是否定的情况下，输出警告信号和/或切断所述马达(3)。
6.一种由至少一个驱动器构成的系统(1)，所述驱动器具有至少一个变流器(2)、马达(3)和转数传感器(4)以及安全CPU(6)，其中，所述安全CPU(6)具有至少一个安全程序(7)，所述至少一个安全程序用于执行根据前述权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述变流器(2)具有用于计算替代转数(11)的装置(8)。
8.一种根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法的应用，所述方法用于间接地监控通过辊在造纸机、分切机或涂布机中移动的材料幅面的幅面速度。
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