CN108445153B - Trawl net bag selectivity test device - Google Patents
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- CN108445153B CN108445153B CN201810163816.4A CN201810163816A CN108445153B CN 108445153 B CN108445153 B CN 108445153B CN 201810163816 A CN201810163816 A CN 201810163816A CN 108445153 B CN108445153 B CN 108445153B
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a trawl net bag selectivity test device which comprises a fishing boat, a stay bar, a plurality of test trawls and a plurality of underwater cameras, wherein the stay bar is transversely arranged on the side edge of the fishing boat; the test trawl comprises a trawl, a cross line, a net body, a test net bag and a net cover, wherein a net port of the net body is connected with one end of the trawl through the cross line, the other end of the trawl is fixed on a stay bar, the net port of the test net bag is sewn with a tail outlet of the net body along the edge, the tail outlet of the test net bag is fastened and closed through a first lacing line, the net cover is sleeved on the periphery of the test net bag, the net port of the net cover is sewn at the tail of the net body along the edge, and an outlet of the tail of the net cover is fastened and closed through a second lacing line; a plurality of experimental trawls are transversely distributed, and underwater cameras are installed at the net openings of the net bodies. The invention can realize the simultaneous and same test fishing of a plurality of groups of test net sacs, and overcomes the problems of the net sleeving method and the comparison operation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fishing gear, in particular to a trawl net bag selectivity test device.
Background
The trawl is a fishing gear which is dragged by a fishing boat and forces a caught object to enter a net bag. The net bag is a bag-shaped part for collecting the final catch of the trawl. Trawl is the most important fishing gear in the marine fishing fishery of China, extends all over China and all provinces (regions) and cities on the coast, has wide fishing objects, and the output of trawl is the first of 12 types of fishing gear. However, with the increasingly declining fishery resources, relevant management departments fully realize that a corresponding management system must be established for the trawl fishery. Among them, specifying the minimum mesh size of trawl pockets is one of the most important regulatory regimes.
However, the minimum mesh size must be established based on the selectivity of the sac to the subject being caught. The cod end selectivity is the result of interaction between the cod end and the species being caught during the catching operation of the trawl and can be divided into inter-species selectivity and intra-species selectivity. Designing and making a series of test capsules (at least 4 groups) and carrying out the corresponding selectivity tests are important steps in the selectivity study.
Currently, the commonly used methods for selectivity testing are: a net sleeving method and a comparison operation method. The trawl method is the most widely used traditional method at present, and is characterized in that a trawl net bag is externally provided with a small-mesh-size trawl net, then fishing operation is carried out, and selectivity is estimated according to the fishing quantity and biological characteristics of the net bag and the trawl net. The problems of the net sleeving method are mainly as follows: (1) the covering effect, namely the netting can be attached to the net sacs, so that the escape behavior of the caught species is influenced; (2) the comparability of different test net sacs is low, because each test net sac is subjected to a net sleeving method test one by one, the selectivity of each test net sac is estimated, and then the selectivity of different test net sacs is compared, the comparison has great space-time difference because the fishing operation is not carried out simultaneously between different net sacs; (3) the test cost is high, the time consumption is long, in order to accurately estimate the selectivity, each test net sac carries out at least 10 net times of operation, and the method has the advantages of large workload, high economic cost and long time consumption. The comparison methods include a trouser trawl method, a parallel method and a conjunct method, and the selectivity is estimated by comparing the catches of the test and control sacks. Although the comparative operation method can avoid the influence of the coverage effect, the relative operation strength of the test net sac and the control net sac is unclear, and the problems of low comparability between the net sacs, large workload, high economic cost and long time consumption exist. Because the comparison method also tests each test sac individually with the control sac. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a more accurate and scientific trawl bag selectivity test device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a trawl net bag selectivity test device, which can realize the test fishing of a plurality of groups of test net bags simultaneously and overcomes the problems of the net sleeving method and the comparison operation method.
To solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a trawl net bag selectivity test device comprises a fishing boat, a stay bar, a plurality of test trawls and a plurality of underwater cameras, wherein the stay bar is transversely arranged on the side edge of the fishing boat; the test trawl comprises a trawl, a cross line, a net body, a test net bag and a net cover, wherein a net port of the net body is connected with one end of the trawl through the cross line, the other end of the trawl is fixed on a stay bar, the net port of the test net bag is sewn with a tail outlet of the net body along the edge, the tail outlet of the test net bag is fastened and closed through a first lacing line, the net cover is sleeved on the periphery of the test net bag, the net port of the net cover is sewn at the tail of the net body along the edge, and an outlet of the tail of the net cover is fastened and closed through a second lacing line; a plurality of experimental trawls are transversely distributed, and underwater cameras are installed at the net openings of the net bodies.
Furthermore, the net body is divided into a plurality of sections along the length direction, and meshes of each section of net body are reduced in sequence from the net opening to the tail part; when the test net bag is sewed, the net mouth of the test net bag is sewed on the section of net body with the same mesh, and the net body part from the section of net body to the tail part is cut off.
Furthermore, an upper net is arranged on the upper edge of the net opening of the net body, a lower net is arranged on the lower edge of the net body, two ends of the upper net and two ends of the lower net are connected through vertical canvas respectively, a plurality of floating balls distributed along the edge are fixed on the upper net, and a sinking chain is fixed on the upper edge of the lower net.
Furthermore, a plastic ring for radially expanding the sleeve net is fixed at a position of the sleeve net corresponding to the test net sac, floaters arranged along the length direction are fixed on the sleeve net, and sinkers arranged along the length direction are correspondingly fixed below the sleeve net.
Furthermore, a zipper seal for exposing the test net bag from the side and pouring out the catch is arranged on the side surface of the sleeve net.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the prior art, the trawl net bag selectivity test device abandons the traditional thought of sequentially testing each test net bag in turn according to the department, simultaneously catches all the test net bags, realizes that a plurality of groups of test net bags simultaneously carry out selectivity tests through the test device, overcomes the problems of the trawl net bag selectivity test method and the trawl net bag selectivity test method, and provides a more accurate and scientific device for the trawl net bag selectivity research.
2. The invention also divides the net body into a plurality of sections, which can meet the cutting and sewing requirements of a plurality of test net sacs with different circumferential meshes, and the sewing ratio is controlled to be 1:1 as much as possible.
3. Canvas is adopted as expanders at the left end and the right end of the net port, and vertical effective expansion of the net port is guaranteed. The upper line and the lower line of the net body net opening are respectively provided with a floating ball and a sinking chain, so that the net opening of the net body can reach the water depth of all trawlnets in normal operation.
4. The cover net can be provided with plastic rings and provided with a certain number of floats and sinkers, so that the effective opening of the cover net is ensured, and the covering effect is avoided.
5. The underwater camera of the net mouth can record the types and the quantity of the caught types entering the net mouth, and can determine the relative operation strength of each test net bag.
6. The device provided by the invention organically combines the net sleeving method and the comparison operation method, solves the problems of low selectivity comparability between the net bags for testing, coverage effect of the net sleeving method, unclear relative operation strength of the comparison operation method and the like, saves the economic cost and time of the test, and provides technical support for the selective test and research of the trawl net bags.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a test trawl according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a test mesh pouch and a cover mesh of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of seven segments of the mesh body of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A trawl net bag selectivity test apparatus as shown in figures 1 to 3 comprises a fishing boat 1, two struts 2, ten test trawl nets 9 and twenty underwater cameras 56. The test trawl 9 comprises a warp 3, a fork 4, a net body 6, a test net bag 7 and a cover net 8.
The two supporting rods 2 are respectively arranged on a port and a starboard of the fishing boat 1, the net mouth of the net body 6 is connected with one end of the warp 3 through the cross rope 4, the other end of the warp 3 is fixed on the supporting rods 2, the supporting rods are also connected with reinforcing ropes corresponding to the fixed positions of the warp, and the front ends of the reinforcing ropes are fixed on two sides of the bow of the fishing boat. Through the trawling line 3, the test trawling nets 9 are transversely distributed and towed on two sides of the fishing boat 1, and five test trawling nets 9 are respectively fixed on the stay bars 2 on the port side and the starboard side.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper side of the net mouth 5 of the net body 6 is provided with an upper rope 51, the lower side is provided with a lower rope 52, two ends of the upper rope 51 and the lower rope 52 are respectively connected through vertical canvas 55, a plurality of floating balls 53 distributed along the edge are fixed on the upper rope 51, and a sunk chain 54 is fixed on the lower rope 52 along the edge.
As shown in fig. 4, the net body 6 is divided into seven sections along the length direction, the meshes of each section of net body decrease from the net opening to the tail part, and the mesh size of each section of net body is 60 mm, 55 mm, 50mm, 45 mm, 40 mm, 35mm and 35 mm. The net body is woven in a cylinder mode, single knot is made, and the net body is woven into 700 meshes. Taking the section close to the net opening as a first section of net body, counting by the number, taking the section at the tail part as a seventh section of net body, and the specific weaving mode and mesh number of the seventh section of net body are as follows: the mesh is reduced in the middle of a first section of net body in a 4-channel (5r-1) mode, the net is woven to be 125 meshes in length and is woven to be 500 meshes in end, the mesh is reduced in the middle of a second section of net body in a 4-channel (5r-1) mode, the net is woven to be 62.5 meshes in length and is woven to be 300 meshes in length, the mesh is reduced in the middle of a fourth section of net body in a 2-channel (5r-1) mode, the net is woven to be 62.5 meshes in length and is woven to be 250 meshes in end, the mesh is reduced in the middle of a fifth section of net body in a 2-channel (5r-1) mode, the mesh is woven to be 62.5 meshes in length, the mesh is reduced in the middle of a sixth section of net body in a 2-channel (5r-1) mode, the net is woven to be 62.5 meshes in length and is woven to be 150 meshes in end, and the mesh is reduced in the middle of a 2-channel (5r-1) mode in length and is woven to be 100 meshes; the first section of net body and the second section of net body are woven by adopting polyethylene twisting yarns with the yarn thickness of 10 multiplied by 3, the third section of net body and the fourth section of net body are woven by adopting polyethylene twisting yarns with the yarn thickness of 9 multiplied by 3, and the fifth section of net body, the sixth section of net body and the seventh section of net body are woven by adopting polyethylene twisting yarns with the yarn thickness of 8 multiplied by 3.
When the test net sac 7 is fixed, a section with the same mesh as the test net sac 7 is selected on the net body 6, the net body part from the final knitting position of the section of the net body to the tail part is cut off, the cutting position is used as the outlet of the tail part of the net body, and the net opening of the test net sac 7 is sewn on the section of the net body. Such as: if the number of the circumference meshes of a certain test net sac is 300 meshes, the test net sac is cut from the final knitting position of the third section of the net body of the test device, and then the test net sac and the third section of the net body are sewn, so that the sewing ratio of 1:1 is ensured. The tail outlet of the test net bag 7 is fastened and closed through a first lacing line.
As shown in fig. 3, the sleeve net 8 is sleeved on the periphery of the test net bag 7, the net opening edge of the sleeve net 8 is sewn at the tail part of the net body, and the outlet at the tail part of the sleeve net 8 is fastened and closed through a second lacing line. Two plastic rings 81 for radially expanding the cover net 8 are fixed at the position of the cover net 8 corresponding to the test net bag 7, floaters 82 arranged along the length direction are fixed on the upper surface of the cover net 8, and sinkers 83 arranged along the length direction are correspondingly fixed on the lower surface of the cover net 8. The side of the net 8 is provided with a zipper seal 84 for exposing the test net bag 7 from the side and pouring out the catch.
Two underwater cameras 56 are mounted on the upper edge of the net opening 5 of each net body 6, and the two underwater cameras 56 are distributed at two corners of the upper edge of the net opening 5.
In this embodiment, the fishing boat 1 may be made of wood, glass steel or steel, the power of the main engine of the fishing boat is 100-300kW, the length of the boat is 15-35m, the profile width is 5-8m, and the total tonnage is 80-250t, so that at most ten test trawls can be arranged in this embodiment. The support rod 2 can be made of wood or steel and has the length of 15-20m, a movable wheel is arranged on the base of the support rod to realize the hinge joint of the support rod and the fishing boat, and the support rod can rotate and be fixed for 180 degrees. The warp 3 is a polyethylene twisted rope with the diameter of 20-25mm and the length of 150-300 m. The cross line 4 is a polyethylene twisted rope with the diameter of 15-20mm and the length of 5-8 m. The length of the head line is 2.5-4m, the diameter is 6-10mm, the length of the foot line is 2.5-4m, the diameter is 6-10mm, the canvas is rectangular, the length is 2.5-4m, and the width is 0.4-0.6 m. 8-10 floating balls 53 are arranged on each head line 51, the diameter of each floating ball 53 is 100-. The length of the netting of the net 8 is 15-20m, and the length of the circumference is 10-15 m. The diameter of the plastic ring 81 is 2-3m, the first plastic ring 81 is arranged at the position corresponding to the 1/3 length of the test net bag, and the second plastic ring 81 is arranged at the position corresponding to the rear end of the test net bag 7. 5-10 floats 82 can be uniformly arranged on the upper surface of the sleeve net 8 between the plastic rings 81, 4-8 sinkers 83 can be uniformly arranged on the lower surface of the sleeve net 8 between the plastic rings 81, the buoyancy of each float is 50-100N, the weight of each sinker is 100-200g, the cylinder net of the sleeve net 8 is a diamond mesh (as indicated by the reference number 85 in figure 3), and the mesh size is 20-30 mm.
The test device is used as follows: (1) the quantity, the structure and the specification of the test net bags 7 are designed firstly, the device can realize at most ten groups, and test net bags 7 with different specifications or different mesh sizes are tested simultaneously, for example: five groups of diamond test net sacs 7 with different mesh sizes and five groups of square test net sacs 7 with different mesh sizes can be designed for testing; (2) the test net sac 7 and the net body 6 are well sewn according to the relation among the net mesh number, the shrinkage factor and the sewing ratio, the net body 6 of the device adopts seven-section layout, 700 meshes are woven at the beginning, 100 meshes are woven at the end, and the cutting and sewing requirements of the test net sac 7 with different circumferential mesh numbers can be met; (3) installing a net 8; (4) after the fishing boat 1 reaches a fishing ground, the stay bar 2 is unfolded, and the test net sacs 7 are sequentially put down for fishing operation; (5) after the net is pulled up, the catch of the net 8 is poured out from the tail outlet, then the zipper seal 84 on the net 8 is opened to pull out the tail of the test net bag 7, and the catch is poured out from the tail outlet of the test net bag 7; (6) the catch amount of the ten groups of test net bags 7 and the catch of the net 8 are respectively subjected to combined analysis, so that ten groups of selective parameters based on a net sleeving method can be obtained; (7) removing the catch data of all the nets 8, comparing the catch quantities of the ten groups of test net bags, and combining the recorded data of the underwater camera 56 to obtain ten groups of selective parameters based on a comparison operation method; (8) the selectivity parameters obtained by the two estimation methods are mutually verified, and the selectivity of the test sac 7 can be finally obtained.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various other modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above-described structure of the present invention without departing from the basic technical concept of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a trawl net bag selectivity test device which characterized in that: the test device comprises a fishing boat, a stay bar, a plurality of test trawls and a plurality of underwater cameras, wherein the stay bar is transversely arranged on the side edge of the fishing boat; the test trawl comprises a trawl, a cross line, a net body, a test net bag and a net cover, wherein a net port of the net body is connected with one end of the trawl through the cross line, the other end of the trawl is fixed on the stay bar, the net port of the test net bag is sewn with a tail outlet of the net body along the edge, the tail outlet of the test net bag is fastened and closed through a first lacing line, the net cover is sleeved on the periphery of the test net bag, the net port edge of the net cover is sewn at the tail of the net body, and the outlet of the tail of the net cover is fastened and closed through a second lacing line; the test trawls are transversely distributed, and the underwater cameras are mounted at the net openings of the net body; the net body is divided into seven sections along the length direction, and meshes of each section of net body are reduced in sequence from the net opening to the tail part; when the test net bag is sewn, the net opening of the test net bag is sewn on the section of net body with the same mesh as the test net bag, and the net body part from the section of net body to the tail part is cut and removed; wherein, the net body is woven in a cylinder mode, a single knot is made, the net body is woven by 700 meshes, the section close to the net opening is taken as a first section net body, the section at the tail part is a seventh section net body, and the specific weaving mode and the mesh number of the seventh section net body are as follows: the mesh is reduced in the middle of a first section of net body in a 4-channel 5r-1 mode, the net is woven to be 125 meshes in length and is woven to be 500 meshes in length, the mesh is reduced in the middle of a second section of net body in a 4-channel 5r-1 mode, the net is woven to be 62.5 meshes in length and is woven to be 300 meshes in length, the mesh is reduced in the middle of a fourth section of net body in a 2-channel 5r-1 mode, the net is woven to be 62.5 meshes in length and is woven to be 250 meshes in length, the mesh is reduced in the middle of a fifth section of net body in a 2-channel 5r-1 mode, the net is woven to be 62.5 meshes in length and is woven to be 200 meshes in length, the mesh is reduced in the middle of a 2-channel 5r-1 mode in the middle of a sixth section of net body in length, the net is woven to be 150 meshes in length and the mesh is reduced in the middle of a 2-channel 5r-1 mode in length and is woven; the first section of net body and the second section of net body are woven by adopting polyethylene twisting yarns with the yarn thickness of 10 multiplied by 3, the third section of net body and the fourth section of net body are woven by adopting polyethylene twisting yarns with the yarn thickness of 9 multiplied by 3, and the fifth section of net body, the sixth section of net body and the seventh section of net body are woven by adopting polyethylene twisting yarns with the yarn thickness of 8 multiplied by 3.
2. The trawl bag selectivity test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the upper edge of a net opening of the net body is provided with an upper net, the lower edge of the net opening of the net body is provided with a lower net, two ends of the upper net and two ends of the lower net are respectively connected through vertical canvas, a plurality of floating balls distributed along the edge are fixed on the upper net, and a sunk chain is fixed on the upper edge of the lower net.
3. The trawl bag selectivity test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the position of the cover net corresponding to the test net sac is fixedly provided with a plastic ring used for radially expanding the cover net, floaters arranged along the length direction are fixed on the upper surface of the cover net, and sinkers arranged along the length direction are correspondingly fixed on the lower surface of the cover net.
4. The trawl bag selectivity test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: and a zipper seal for exposing the test net bag from the side and pouring out the fish catch is arranged on the side surface of the sleeve net.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810163816.4A CN108445153B (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2018-02-27 | Trawl net bag selectivity test device |
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| CN201810163816.4A CN108445153B (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2018-02-27 | Trawl net bag selectivity test device |
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| CN108445153A CN108445153A (en) | 2018-08-24 |
| CN108445153B true CN108445153B (en) | 2020-10-27 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111953946A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-17 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Shooting and collecting device for dragging state of bottom trawl foot |
| CN112483782B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-06-07 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Device for observing fish behaviors in trawl net bag |
| CN117176756B (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2024-04-02 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Visual biological trawl system based on underwater vehicle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2010036381A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-01 | Hampidjan, Hf | Lower cost, higher efficiency trawl construction |
| WO2013123551A1 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-29 | The University Of Tasmania | "system, apparatus and method for reducing trawl bycatch" |
| CN103039407B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2015-04-08 | 河北省海洋与水产科学研究院 | One-boat beam haul-bag single-sac bottom trawl for investigating and sampling marine demersal creatures |
| CN203675885U (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-07-02 | 上海海洋大学 | Novel stow net mouth structure |
| CN204163066U (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 深圳职业技术学院 | For collecting the trawlnet of algae |
| CN104604817B (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-09-28 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | A kind of method of entrance of Changjiang River trawl fishing ParentEriocheir sinensis |
| CN104938440A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-30 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Biserial type multi-window combined trachurus murphyi trawl selectivity test device |
| CN205455456U (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-08-17 | 上海航盛船舶设计有限公司 | Ship is catched to two otter board krills of two booms |
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