CN111802337B - Euphausia superba trawl dual-selectivity device structure - Google Patents
Euphausia superba trawl dual-selectivity device structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111802337B CN111802337B CN202010448760.4A CN202010448760A CN111802337B CN 111802337 B CN111802337 B CN 111802337B CN 202010448760 A CN202010448760 A CN 202010448760A CN 111802337 B CN111802337 B CN 111802337B
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- 241000239370 Euphausia superba Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 abstract description 16
- 241000239366 Euphausiacea Species 0.000 description 29
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241001233242 Lontra Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K73/00—Drawn nets
- A01K73/02—Trawling nets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K75/00—Accessories for fishing nets; Details of fishing nets, e.g. structure
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double-selectivity device structure for a euphausia superba trawl, which comprises the euphausia superba trawl, wherein the euphausia superba trawl comprises a cover net, a side wing net and a body net, a mammal release device is arranged between the rear part of a first section of the back of the cover net and the front part of a first section of the body net, the mammal release device is a trapezoidal net sheet, and the trapezoidal net sheet is mutually connected with the periphery of a net opening; the body net is provided with ten sections, the ninth section of the body net adopts a conduit type selection device structure, the front end of the ninth section of the body net is provided with a conduit type induction net piece, and the length of the front end of the conduit type selection device structure is consistent with the tensioning length of the net mesh at the front end of the ninth section of the body net; the back part of the net clothing of the duct type induction net piece is cut in a unilateral mode until the tail end of the duct type induction net piece is connected with the back part of the front end of the tenth section of the body net to form a closed state; the middle part of the netting of the duct type induction net piece is sewn and fixed with the side part netting of the duct type induction net piece to form the contraction type duct which is inclined upwards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a trawl fishing gear selective device in marine fishery, in particular to a trawl fishing gear selective device for fishing Antarctic krill.
Background
The polar region is a strategic Xinjiang region which is highly concerned internationally and integrates politics, economy, law and safety into a whole. The Antarctic continent is surrounded by vast oceans, and the Antarctic treaty and the environmental protection protocol thereof freeze the territorial ownership requirements and mineral exploitation activities of seven countries, and only biological resources can be developed and utilized. Antarctic krill is one of key species in the Antarctic ocean ecosystem, has rich resource quantity, is distributed around Antarctic, has the resource storage quantity of 6.5 to 10 hundred million tons, and is an important strategic resource concerned by all countries in the world at present. In order to promote sustainable development of antarctic krill fishery in China, a special project of national science and technology key research plan is specially set in the field of ocean environment safety in 2017, wherein efficient and continuous fishing of antarctic krill is used as key content to carry out standing research, so that the unfavorable situation that the comprehensive competitiveness of the antarctic krill fishery in China is not strong is expected to be reversed, the actual existence of China in the polar fishery management is practically guaranteed, and the national polar ocean rights and interests are maintained.
Since the resources of Antarctic krill were commercially developed in the 80's of the 20 th century, trawling, purse seine and trawling were tried, but only one trawling operation mode is reserved through years of production practice.
According to the expansion mode of the euphausia superba trawl fishing gear, 2 types are mainly adopted: one is to keep the horizontal expansion of the netting gear by the trawl door; the other is to keep the net horizontal expansion through the trusses at the front end of the net opening. The trawl fishing operation mode of the otter board, because the otter board can keep stable under certain dynamic conditions, so the acquisition of the fishery at each time needs to be realized by a complete process of putting, fishing and pulling up the net, simultaneously, in order to fully expand the netting gear and the otter board, the trawl gear is ensured to be in a better operation state by respectively configuring trawls, the otter board, handrails, headropes of the netting gear, floaters, descendants, sinkers, sidelines, cross ropes and the like on the left and right, and because the connection between the ship and the net involves more parts, the distance between the trawl gear and the ship is far, so the whole fishing operation process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the effective trawling time is influenced and the fishing yield is influenced; the operation mode of the trussed-beam trawl fishing is characterized in that the operation form of the net is mainly controlled by the length of the trussed beam preset at the front end of the net opening, the horizontal expansion of the net opening is stable and is not easy to deform, compared with a otter board trawl, the connection between the trawls and the trawls only needs to be configured with a single trawl, a trussed beam, a floating ball and sinking force, and the operation state of the trawling fishing gear can be ensured by adding a head line, a side line, a foot line and the like, the trawling net is relatively close to a ship, and the quick operation of net hauling and net releasing and the quick adjustment of net positions are facilitated. Meanwhile, due to the operation mode of the boom trawl fishing, the trawl fishing can be performed only by a single trawl, if a support rod is additionally arranged on the ship 2 side and a trawl traction point is arranged, trawl fishing can be performed on the ship side 2 from the port and the starboard, the fishing efficiency is improved by times, and the method is the most efficient operation mode for fishing the antarctic krill at present.
According to the requirements of the Antarctic ocean organism resource conservation Commission on polar fishery management, the Antarctic krill trawl fishing gear has to have a mammal release function and provide corresponding design and instructions, otherwise the euphausia superba trawl gear is rejected into the fishery. Meanwhile, according to the fishing application, only the fishing object of the application can be fished, for example, the antarctic krill fishery can only fish the antarctic krill, but necessary measures are adopted to avoid that the antarctic krill fishery also catches other fish resources, once the quantity of the fishes and the fishes reaching or exceeding a certain proportion are determined as default behaviors, the fishing qualification can be forcibly cancelled, the destructive influence on the production is caused, and high attention is also paid to the production. The method is characterized in that special antarctic krill national or international observers carry out sampling investigation with ships about the varieties and the quantity of the euphausia superba fishery, the observers form observer logs according to investigation and analysis results, the observer logs are reported to the antarctic marine biological resource maintenance committee at regular time, professional organizations related to the committee carry out result inspection and evaluation, and the results are finally published in annual meetings. Therefore, the research and development of the selective device capable of reducing the fish catching capacity of the antarctic krill fishery has a very important promotion effect on the development of the antarctic krill fishery.
According to the prior Euphausia superba trawl mammal release device, the following 2 structural types are mainly adopted: one is a mesh-induced release device, which is mainly released by adding an independent mesh sheet at the mesh body part, extending from the abdomen to the back and mutually connected with a side mesh. The separation net sheet is composed of netting with mesh size of about 0.2m, 2-3 rhombic or rectangular meshes with size of 1.6m are respectively arranged at the front part of the joint of the separation net sheet and the back net, and the separation net sheet is used for escape windows of mammals or fishes. On one hand, the device is difficult to release varieties which are caught in time due to too few escape windows, so that the mistaken catching is caused; on the other hand, the hooking or friction damage in the net lifting and releasing process is easy to generate the damage of the connection part, so that the species which are caught simultaneously enter the net bag to be caught by mistake. The other is a rigid separation grid release device which is vertically and directly arranged at the position of a net body, an escape window is arranged at the front part of the separation grid, the distance between grids is generally 0.1-0.2m, and the rigid separation grid release device is used for directly intercepting or screening mammals and fishes to enter the net. Because the device is of a rigid structure and has low fusion degree with the netting gear, the trawl operation is difficult, and the device is rarely used at present.
At present, after the Antarctic krill fishery in China is cultivated for nearly 10 years, the Antarctic krill trawl is mainly carried out in a otter board trawl operation mode, the release of mammals adopts a mesh induction type release device, the phenomenon of mistaken catching of the mammals entering into the net sacs is found for many times, the high attention of production enterprises and the Antarctic marine organism maintenance committee is attracted, and the selection and release effects of netting gears are urgently needed to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of catching and releasing mammals and fishes in the traditional euphausia superba trawl, particularly in the efficient and continuous pumping and fishing operation process of the euphausia superba boom, the invention provides a dual-selectivity device for reducing the catching and catching of the mammals and the fishes in the euphausia superba pumping and continuous fishing process.
The invention mainly develops different selection devices and methods for different concurrently-captured objects in the traditional antarctic krill truss-pumped continuous trawl fishing process aiming at different concurrently-captured types and management requirements thereof, realizes secondary selection and release of the different concurrently-captured objects, improves the selection efficiency of the antarctic krill trawl fishing gear, and improves the ecological function of the antarctic krill fishery. The invention is also suitable for catching and releasing other trawlers.
The invention provides a double-selective device structure for a euphausia superba trawl, which comprises the euphausia superba trawl, wherein the euphausia superba trawl comprises a truss rod, an upper bolch, a lower bolch, a lateral bolch, a cover net, a lateral wing net and a body net;
the body net is provided with ten sections, the ninth section of the body net adopts a conduit type selection device structure, the front end of the ninth section of the body net is provided with a conduit type induction net piece, and the length of the front end of the conduit type selection device structure is consistent with the tensioning length of a net mesh at the front end of the ninth section of the body net;
the back part netting of the duct type induction net piece is cut in a single-side upward mode until the tail end of the duct type induction net piece is connected with the back joint of the front end of the tenth section of the body net to form a closed state;
the back part netting of the duct type induction net piece and the abdomen part netting of the duct type induction net piece are symmetrically cut and contracted at two sides, so that the middle part of the netting of the duct type induction net piece is kept with one third of the mesh number, and the middle part of the netting of the duct type induction net piece and the side part netting of the duct type induction net piece are sewn and fixed to form a contraction type duct which is obliquely upward.
The invention firstly installs the sealing net sheet at the net mouth part to form the net mouth for intercepting large-scale organisms such as mammals and the like, thereby preventing the large-scale organisms from entering the net to form catching and forming a first selective release; secondly, according to the characteristic that the net mesh size of the net in the trawl of the antarctic krill is only 16mm and is small, a conduit type selection device structure is adopted at the 9 th section of the trawl body net, so that the device can quickly induce and accurately release fishes, the antarctic krill fishery can realize ecological friendly fishing, natural harmony of polar ecological maintenance and krill resource utilization is promoted, and the sustainable development of the antarctic krill fishery is ensured. The invention has the outstanding characteristics that according to the individual size and swimming behavior of the release object, the interception and induction devices are respectively installed to carry out secondary selective release on different concurrently-caught objects, thereby effectively reducing the concurrently-caught problems of mammals, fishes and the like in the euphausia superba trawling operation, ensuring the ecological friendliness of the euphausia superba fishery and promoting the sustainable development of the euphausia superba fishery.
Preferably, the trapezoidal mesh is a trapezoidal mesh with the mesh shrinkage length of the back/the belly multiplied by the height of 20 m/19 m multiplied by 21 m, and the mesh size of the trapezoidal mesh is 0.2 m.
Thereby being matched with the shape of the net opening to seal the net opening.
Preferably, the trapezoid mesh is a trapezoid mesh made of polyethylene ropes with a diameter of 4 mm. Thereby ensuring the strength of the trapezoidal net sheet.
Preferably, the body net further comprises a bag net and a heavy hammer, the bag net is connected with the body net, and the heavy hammers are mounted on two sides of the lower portion of the net opening.
The invention collects fish through the sac net.
Preferably, the cover net and the side net are both provided with two sections, and each section is eight meters long.
Preferably, each section of the body net is eight meters long, the mesh size of the conduit type induction mesh sheet is 0.1 meter, and the conduit type induction mesh sheet is made of 45 strands of polyethylene materials.
Preferably, the length of the back mesh of the catheter-type induction mesh is smaller than the length of the abdomen mesh of the catheter-type induction mesh, and the difference is 0.4 m.
Preferably, the cutting slope of the side net of the catheter type induction mesh sheet is 1-2, and the cutting slope of the back net of the catheter type induction mesh sheet and the cutting slope of the abdomen net of the catheter type induction mesh sheet are both 2-1, so that the meshes of the net of the catheter type induction mesh sheet are kept to be 50 meshes.
Preferably, the end of the contracted conduit is a window with a height mesh number of 2 meshes x 0.2m and a width mesh number of 50 meshes x 0.2 m.
Preferably, the contraction type guide pipe forms a guide opening with the height of about 0.4m at the back of the net and is directly connected with the back outer net, and the mesh size of the back outer net is 0.2m to form a closed channel.
So that the fishes which are caught can directly pass through the outer net mesh from the guide port and return to the sea to finish the release.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working state of a boom trawl of Antarctic krill;
FIG. 2 is a development of the netting;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a catheter-based selection device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the catheter-based selection device in another orientation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the catheter-based selection device in another orientation;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a mammalian release device for a trawl of Antarctic krill.
The reference numerals and components referred to in the drawings are as follows:
1 is a truss; 2 is a head line; 3 is a lower border line; 4 is a sideline; 5 is a cover net; 6 is a lateral wing net; 7 is a mammalian release device; 8 is a body net; 9 is a back net; 10 is a side net; 11 is a belly net; 12 is a catheter type selection device structure; 13 is a window; 14 is a sac net; 15 is a weight; 16 is a rear side netting; 17 is back netting; 18 is an abdominal netting.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a dual selective device structure for a euphausia superba trawl, including a euphausia superba trawl including a truss 1, an upper headrope 2, a lower headrope 3, a side headrope 4, a cover net 5, a side wing net 6 and a body net 8, the body net includes a back net 9, a side net 10 and a belly net 11, and is characterized in that a net opening part is arranged between a back part of a first section of the cover net and a front part of the first section of the body net, the net opening part is provided with a mammal releasing device 7, the mammal releasing device is a trapezoidal net sheet, and the trapezoidal net sheet is connected with the periphery of the net opening part; the body net is provided with ten sections, the ninth section of the body net adopts a conduit type selection device structure 12, the front end of the ninth section of the body net is provided with a conduit type induction net piece, and the length of the front end of the conduit type selection device structure is consistent with the tensioning length of the net mesh at the front end of the ninth section of the body net; the netting 16 at the back side part of the duct type induction net sheet is cut in a single side and upwards until the tail end of the duct type induction net sheet is connected with the back joint of the front end of the tenth section of the body net to form a closed state; the back part netting 17 of the duct type induction net piece and the abdomen part netting 18 of the duct type induction net piece are symmetrically cut and contracted in two sides, the middle part of the netting of the duct type induction net piece is kept with one third of the mesh number, and the middle part of the netting of the duct type induction net piece and the side part netting of the duct type induction net piece are sewn and fixed to form an obliquely upward contraction type duct.
The invention firstly installs the sealing net sheet at the net mouth part to form the net mouth for intercepting large-scale organisms such as mammals and the like, thereby preventing the large-scale organisms from entering the net to form catching and forming a first selective release; secondly, according to the characteristic that the net mesh size of the net in the trawl of the antarctic krill is only 16mm and is small, a conduit type selection device structure is adopted at the 9 th section of the trawl body net, so that the device can quickly induce and accurately release fishes, the antarctic krill fishery can realize ecological friendly fishing, natural harmony of polar ecological maintenance and krill resource utilization is promoted, and the sustainable development of the antarctic krill fishery is ensured. The invention has the outstanding characteristics that according to the individual size and swimming behavior of the release object, the interception and induction devices are respectively installed to carry out secondary selective release on different concurrently-caught objects, thereby effectively reducing the concurrently-caught problems of mammals, fishes and the like in the euphausia superba trawling operation, ensuring the ecological friendliness of the euphausia superba fishery and promoting the sustainable development of the euphausia superba fishery.
Preferably, the trapezoidal mesh is a trapezoidal mesh with the mesh shrinkage length of the back/the belly multiplied by the height of 20 m/19 m multiplied by 21 m, and the mesh size of the trapezoidal mesh is 0.2 m. Thereby being matched with the shape of the net opening to seal the net opening.
Preferably, the ladder mesh is a ladder mesh made of polyethylene ropes 4mm in diameter. Thereby ensuring the strength of the trapezoidal net sheet.
Preferably, the body net further comprises a bag net 14 and a weight 15, the bag net is connected with the body net, and the weight is arranged on two sides of the lower part of the net opening. The invention collects fish through the sac net.
Preferably, the cover net and the side net are both provided with two sections, and each section is eight meters long.
Preferably, each section of the body net is eight meters long, the mesh size of the conduit type induction net sheet is 0.1 meter, and the conduit type induction net sheet is made of 45 strands of polyethylene materials.
Preferably, the length of the dorsal netting of the catheter-type induction mesh is smaller than the length of the ventral netting of the catheter-type induction mesh, and the difference is 0.4 m.
Preferably, the cutting slope of the side net of the catheter type induction net sheet is 1-2, and the cutting slope of the back net of the catheter type induction net sheet and the cutting slope of the abdomen net of the catheter type induction net sheet are both 2-1, so that the net meshes of the catheter type induction net sheet are kept to be 50 meshes.
Preferably, the constricting conduit terminates in a window 13 having a height mesh size of 2 mesh x 0.2 meter and a width mesh size of 50 mesh x 0.2 meter.
Preferably, the contraction type conduit forms a guide opening with the height of about 0.4 meter at the back of the net and is directly connected with the back outer net, and the mesh size of the back outer net is 0.2 meter to form a closed channel. So that the fishes which are caught can directly pass through the outer net mesh from the guide port and return to the sea to finish the release.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and additions can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A dual-selectivity device structure of a euphausia superba trawl comprises the euphausia superba trawl, wherein the euphausia superba trawl comprises a truss rod, an upper bolda, a lower bolda, a sideda, a cover net, a side wing net and a body net;
the body net is provided with ten sections, the ninth section of the body net adopts a conduit type selection device structure, the front end of the ninth section of the body net is provided with a conduit type induction net piece, and the length of the front end of the conduit type selection device structure is consistent with the tensioning length of a net mesh at the front end of the ninth section of the body net;
the back part netting of the duct type induction net piece is cut in a single-side upward mode until the tail end of the duct type induction net piece is connected with the back joint of the front end of the tenth section of the body net to form a closed state;
the back part netting of the duct type induction net piece and the abdomen part netting of the duct type induction net piece are symmetrically cut and contracted in two sides, so that the middle part of the netting of the duct type induction net piece is kept with one third of the mesh number, and the middle part of the netting of the duct type induction net piece and the side part netting of the duct type induction net piece are sewn and fixed to form a contraction type duct which is inclined upwards;
the body net also comprises a bag net and a heavy hammer, the bag net is connected with the body net, and the heavy hammers are arranged on two sides of the lower part of the net opening;
the tail end of the contraction type conduit is a window with the height mesh number of 2 meshes multiplied by 0.2m and the width mesh number of 50 meshes multiplied by 0.2 m.
2. The euphausia superba trawl dual-selective device structure according to claim 1, wherein: the trapezoidal mesh is a trapezoidal mesh with the mesh shrinkage length, the back/the belly and the height of 20 m/19 m 21 m, and the mesh size of the trapezoidal mesh is 0.2 m.
3. The euphausia superba trawl dual-selective device structure according to claim 1, wherein: the trapezoidal net sheet is made of polyethylene ropes with the diameter of 4 mm.
4. The euphausia superba trawl dual-selective device structure according to claim 1, wherein: the covering net and the side wing net are respectively provided with two sections, and each section is eight meters long; each section of the net is eight meters long, the mesh size of the conduit type induction net piece is 0.1 meter, and the conduit type induction net piece is made of 45 strands of polyethylene materials.
5. The euphausia superba trawl dual-selective device structure according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the back net of the catheter type induction mesh sheet is smaller than that of the abdomen net of the catheter type induction mesh sheet, and the difference value is 0.4 m.
6. The euphausia superba trawl dual-selective device structure according to claim 1, wherein: the cutting slope of the side net of the catheter type induction net sheet is 1-2, the cutting slope of the back net of the catheter type induction net sheet and the cutting slope of the abdomen net of the catheter type induction net sheet are both 2-1, and the net meshes of the catheter type induction net sheet are kept to be 50 meshes.
7. The euphausia superba trawl dual-selective device structure according to claim 1, wherein: the contraction type guide pipe forms a guide opening with the height of 0.4m at the back of the net appliance and is directly connected with the outer net at the back, and the mesh size of the outer net at the back is 0.2m to form a closed channel.
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| CN201349447Y (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2009-11-25 | 上海海洋大学 | Cyanea nozakii net sheet separation device of fishing net |
| WO2015119524A1 (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2015-08-13 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Фишеринг Сервис" | Selective system for a trawl net |
| CN103988816A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-08-20 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Antarctic krill trawl fishing net |
| CN205250159U (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-25 | 上海航盛船舶设计有限公司 | Device is catched to two boom krills |
| CN205727709U (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-30 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | A kind of Fish, large jellyfish selective fishing netting gear |
| CN108575924A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-28 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | A kind of shrimp disease selectivity device |
| CN212787079U (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-03-26 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Euphausia superba trawl with catching and releasing functions |
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