Background
The current trend toward larger, faster, and longer-lived commercial aircraft has led aircraft manufacturers to place greater demands on the design and material properties of aircraft structural members through intense market competition. The design emphasis of aircraft has evolved from initial static strength designs to safe life designs, safe life/failure safety designs, safe life/damage tolerance designs, and durability/damage tolerance designs. With the upsizing of airplanes, the sizes of structural members of airplanes become larger correspondingly, the structural members are developed towards lighter, larger, higher performance, more reliable, longer service life and lower cost, and the whole structural members gradually replace assembly structures. Therefore, the requirements for the performance of the structural material, uniformity and dimensional accuracy thereof are increasingly high.
The 2-series alloy section is an aviation aircraft structural material widely applied, and at present, many researches on 2-series aluminum alloy materials are carried out, but most of the researches are focused on methods for improving the performance of the aluminum alloy: for example, (1) the alloy components are adjusted, including microalloying, optimizing the content of alloy elements, adding rare earth elements, reducing the content of impurities and the like; (2) improving the heat treatment system of the alloy, adjusting the microstructure of the alloy, and controlling the appearance, quantity and distribution of precipitated phases; (3) an advanced alloy preparation method is adopted. At present, the thermomechanical treatment is an effective method for changing the precipitation condition of the alloy, but after the 2-series alloy is subjected to solution quenching treatment, the bending deformation of the section can occur, because the reasonable quenching parameters are difficult to determine particularly for complex sections due to improper setting of the quenching water amount formula in the quenching process, and the stress concentration and the section deformation can be caused by nonuniform quenching. Although this problem can be properly solved by the subsequent stretch-straightening treatment, the deformation problem occurs after the profile is left for a while.
Therefore, the problem to be solved urgently at present is to search a heat treatment method for preventing the bending deformation of the aluminum alloy section in the quenching and aging processes so as to meet the size requirement of the aviation section.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat treatment method for forcibly setting an aluminum alloy, which can effectively solve the problem of bending deformation of the aluminum alloy after quenching.
The invention also aims to provide an aluminum alloy section for aviation, which has good straightness and meets the requirement of aviation use.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a heat treatment method for forced setting of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
extruding the aluminum alloy cast rod to obtain an extruded section;
fixing the extruded section in a linear shape by adopting an aluminum alloy forced shaping device, and then carrying out quenching treatment to obtain a quenched section;
stretching and bending the quenched section to obtain a shaped section;
and carrying out aging treatment on the shaped section.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum alloy forced setting device includes a base and a plurality of linearly arranged single-piece fixtures, each single-piece fixture includes a frame perpendicular to the base and allowing the aluminum alloy profile to pass through, and a positioning block and two straightening pieces disposed on the frame, the positioning block is pressed against the upper surface of the aluminum alloy profile in the frame, and the two straightening pieces are pressed against two side surfaces of the aluminum alloy profile in the frame in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the frame comprises two wall plates perpendicular to the base, and a cover plate connected to the top of the two wall plates, wherein the positioning block is disposed on the cover plate, and the straightening elements are disposed on the two wall plates in a one-to-one correspondence.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a connecting member capable of moving along an insertion direction is vertically inserted into the cover plate, and an end portion of the connecting member located in the frame is fixed with the positioning block; the straightening piece is vertically inserted on the wall plate and can move along the insertion direction, and the end part of the straightening piece positioned in the frame is also fixedly connected with a straightening plate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the processing method of the extruded profile comprises heating the aluminum alloy cast rod at a temperature of 320-380 ℃, and then extruding the heated cast rod, wherein the outlet speed of the extruded profile is 0.8-2.0m/min, and the outlet temperature is greater than 350 ℃.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the processing method of the quenched section is to fixedly place the extruded section in the aluminum alloy forced setting device for solid solution and quenching, wherein the solid solution temperature is 490-500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120-150min, and the quenching transfer time is less than 20 s.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for processing the shaped section comprises taking the quenched section out of the aluminum alloy forced shaping device, drawing within 6 hours with a drawing rate controlled to be 1-3%, and then bending.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the shaped section is subjected to a natural aging process within 48 hours to obtain the final product.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum alloy is a 2-series aluminum alloy, and optionally, the 2-series aluminum alloy is 2026 aluminum alloy or 2024 aluminum alloy.
An aluminum alloy section for aviation is prepared by adopting the heat treatment method for forcibly shaping the aluminum alloy.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the heat treatment method for forcibly shaping the aluminum alloy comprises the steps of extruding an aluminum alloy cast rod to obtain an extruded section; fixing the extruded section in a linear shape by adopting an aluminum alloy forced shaping device, and then carrying out quenching treatment to obtain a quenched section; stretching and bending the quenched section to obtain a shaped section; the aging treatment is carried out on the shaped section, and the method can effectively solve the problem of bending deformation after the aluminum alloy is quenched. The manufactured aviation aluminum alloy section has good straightness and meets the requirement of aviation use.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally put in use of products of the present invention, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
This example provides a heat treatment method for forcibly forming an aluminum alloy, where the aluminum alloy is a 2-series aluminum alloy, and optionally, the 2-series aluminum alloy is 2026 aluminum alloy and 2024 aluminum alloy. The heat treatment method for forcibly shaping the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
s1 extrusion: and extruding the aluminum alloy cast rod to obtain an extruded section. The specific processing method of the extruded section bar comprises the steps of heating an aluminum alloy cast bar in a power frequency furnace at the temperature of 320-380 ℃, putting the heated cast bar into an extrusion cylinder for extrusion treatment, wherein the outlet speed of the extruded section bar is 0.8-2.0m/min, and the temperature of a discharge outlet is more than 350 ℃.
S2 quenching: the extruded section is fixed linearly by an aluminum alloy forced setting device 100 shown in fig. 1, and then quenched to obtain a quenched section. The specific processing method of the quenching section comprises the steps of fixedly placing the extruded section in a prefabricated aluminum alloy forced shaping device 100, and entering a horizontal quenching furnace along with a feeding basket for solid solution and quenching, wherein the solid solution temperature is 490-500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120-150min, and the quenching transfer time is less than 20 s.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an aluminum alloy forced setting device 100 includes a base 110, and a plurality of linearly arranged single-piece clamps 120, where the single-piece clamps 120 include a frame 130 perpendicular to the base 110 and through which an aluminum alloy profile 001 passes, and a positioning block 140 and two straightening members 150 disposed on the frame 130, the positioning block 140 presses against an upper surface of the aluminum alloy profile 001 in the frame 130, and the two straightening members 150 press against two side surfaces of the aluminum alloy profile 001 in the frame 130 one by one. The single-piece clamp 120 is used for fixing the aluminum alloy section 001, and the single-piece clamps 120 which are arranged linearly can fix the aluminum alloy section 001 linearly under the combined action and then perform quenching treatment together; in the quenching process, the base 110 supports the lower surface of the aluminum alloy section 001, the positioning block 140 supports the upper surface of the aluminum alloy section 001, and the straightening piece 150 supports the side surface of the aluminum alloy section 001, so that the aluminum alloy section 001 is shaped, the problems of bending, deformation and the like of the aluminum alloy section 001 during quenching can be effectively solved, an aluminum alloy product with good straightness is obtained, and the requirement of aviation use is met.
In this embodiment, the plane of each frame 130 is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the single-piece jigs 120, so as to ensure that the aluminum alloy profile 001 vertically passes through each frame 130, and is fixed by the positioning block 140 and the straightening element 150, and the straightness of the aluminum alloy profile 001 from beginning to end can be ensured by the single-piece jigs. The number of the single clamps 120 is determined according to the length of the aluminum alloy section 001, the length of the aluminum alloy section 001 is large, the number of the single clamps 120 is large, each position of the aluminum alloy section 001 in the length direction can be fixed, and the distance between two adjacent single clamps 120 is generally 2-3 m.
In this embodiment, the base 110 includes a plurality of parallel cross bars 111 arranged at intervals, each cross bar 111 is provided with a single clamp 120, the single clamps 120 on all the cross bars 111 are linearly arranged to form a group, and each group of single clamps 120 vertically fixes the aluminum alloy profile 001 on each cross bar 111. The spacing between the cross bars 111 enables the aluminum alloy profile 001 between the cross bars 111 to be uniformly heat-treated, so that the aluminum alloy profile 001 is uniformly heated as a whole.
In this embodiment, the single-piece jig 120 is fixed on the base 110 by welding, since the positioning block 140 and the straightening element 150 are directly pressed against the aluminum alloy profile 001 and heat-treated together, in order to prevent the positioning block 140 and the straightening element 150 from being adhered to the aluminum alloy profile 001 by heat treatment, the positioning block 140 and the straightening element 150 are made of high-strength and high-temperature resistant materials, such as ceramics.
In this embodiment, the frame 130 includes two wall plates 131 perpendicular to the base 110, and a cover plate 132 connected to the top of the two wall plates 131, the positioning block 140 is disposed on the cover plate 132, and the straightening elements 150 are disposed on the two wall plates 131 in a one-to-one correspondence.
A connecting member 141 capable of moving in the inserting direction is vertically inserted on the cover plate 132, and an end of the connecting member 141 located in the frame 130 is fixed with the positioning block 140. Through adjusting connecting piece 141, make the position of locating piece 140 in frame 130 liftable to guarantee that locating piece 140 withstands the aluminum alloy section bar 001 in the frame 130, the commonality is strong. The connecting member 141 may be a screw, and the positioning block 140 may be driven to move by the adjusting screw, so as to compress the aluminum alloy profile 001.
In this embodiment, the straightening member 150 is vertically inserted into the wall plate 131 and can move along the insertion direction, and the straightening member 150 can be an inner hexagon screw, and by moving the inner hexagon screw, the two sides of the aluminum alloy profile 001, which apply force, are straightened and shaped; the end part of the straightening part 150 located in the frame 130 is also fixedly connected with a straightening plate, and the arrangement of the straightening plate can increase the pressing area of the straightening part 150 to the aluminum alloy section 001, so that the pressing effect is enhanced. Optionally, the wall plate 131 is provided with a moving slot 151 vertically arranged relative to the base 110, the straightening element 150 is inserted into the moving slot 151 and can move along the moving slot 151, and a fastening element 152 for fixing the straightening element 150 is arranged at an end of the straightening element 150 located outside the frame 130. Through adjusting the adjusting of the straightening part 150 in the position of the moving groove 151, the straightening part 150 or the straightening plate is guaranteed to be pressed against the aluminum alloy section 001 in the frame 130, and the aluminum alloy section is positioned through the fastening part 152, so that the universality is strong.
S3 stretching and bending: and stretching and bending the quenched section to obtain a shaped section. The specific processing method of the shaped section comprises the steps of taking the quenched section out of the aluminum alloy forced shaping device 100, completing stretching within 6 hours, controlling the stretching rate to be 1-3%, and then bending, wherein the bending process is completed by matching a special die and an insert block.
S4 aging: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the shaped section, specifically, finishing the natural aging process of the shaped section within 48h to obtain a final product.
The embodiment also provides an aluminum alloy section for aviation, which is prepared by adopting the heat treatment method for forcibly shaping the aluminum alloy.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
This example provides a 2026 aluminum alloy product, which is prepared by the following heat treatment method for forced setting of aluminum alloy:
(1) extruding: heating an aluminum alloy cast rod in a power frequency furnace at 360 ℃, putting the heated cast rod into an extrusion cylinder for extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded section, wherein the outlet speed of the extruded section is 1.5m/min, and the temperature of a discharge port is 365 ℃.
(2) Quenching: and (3) fixedly placing the extruded section in a prefabricated aluminum alloy forced shaping device 100, and entering a horizontal quenching furnace along with a feeding basket for solid solution and quenching, wherein the solid solution temperature is 495 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120min, and the quenching transfer time is 15s, so as to obtain the quenched section.
The distance between the two single clamps 120 of the aluminum alloy forced shaping device 100 adopted in the quenching process is 3m, and 6 single clamps 120 are arranged in total.
(3) Stretching and bending: and (3) finishing stretching the quenched section within 6h, controlling the stretching rate to be 2.0%, then bending, and finishing the bending process by matching a special die and an insert block to obtain the shaped section.
(4) Natural aging: and finishing the natural aging process within 48h to obtain the final product.
(5) And (3) size measurement: the naturally aged aluminum alloy sections were subjected to field dimensional inspection by calipers, feelers, rulers, tape measures, etc., and the inspection results were recorded in table 1.
Example 2
This example provides a 2026 aluminum alloy product, which is prepared by the following heat treatment method for forced setting of aluminum alloy:
(1) extruding: heating an aluminum alloy cast rod in a line frequency furnace at 380 ℃, putting the heated cast rod into an extrusion cylinder for extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded section, wherein the outlet speed of the extruded section is 0.8m/min, and the temperature of a discharge port is 390 ℃.
(2) Quenching: and (3) fixedly placing the extruded section in a prefabricated aluminum alloy forced shaping device 100, and entering a horizontal quenching furnace along with a feeding basket for solid solution and quenching, wherein the solid solution temperature is 497 ℃, the heat preservation time is 150min, and the quenching transfer time is 20s, so that the quenched section is obtained.
The distance between the two single-piece clamps 120 of the aluminum alloy forced shaping device 100 adopted in the quenching process is 2.5m, and 8 single-piece clamps 120 are arranged in total.
(3) Stretching and bending: and (3) finishing stretching the quenched section within 6h, controlling the stretching rate to be 2.5%, then bending, and finishing the bending process by matching a special die and an insert block to obtain the shaped section.
(4) Natural aging: and finishing the natural aging process within 48h to obtain the final product.
(5) And (3) size measurement: the naturally aged aluminum alloy sections were subjected to field dimensional inspection by calipers, feelers, rulers, tape measures, etc., and the inspection results were recorded in table 1.
Example 3
This example provides a 2024 aluminum alloy product, which is prepared by the following heat treatment method for forced setting of aluminum alloy:
(1) extruding: heating an aluminum alloy cast rod in a line frequency furnace at the heating temperature of 370 ℃, putting the heated cast rod into an extrusion cylinder for extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded section, wherein the outlet speed of the extruded section is 1.5m/min, and the temperature of a discharge port is 380 ℃.
(2) Quenching: and (3) fixedly placing the extruded section in a prefabricated aluminum alloy forced shaping device 100, and entering a horizontal quenching furnace along with a feeding basket for solid solution and quenching, wherein the solid solution temperature is 494 ℃, the heat preservation time is 150min, and the quenching transfer time is 15s, so that the quenched section is obtained.
The interval between the two single-piece fixtures 120 of the aluminum alloy forced shaping device 100 adopted in the quenching process is 3m, and 7 single-piece fixtures 120 are arranged in total.
(3) Stretching and bending: and (3) finishing stretching the quenched section within 6h, controlling the stretching rate to be 2.0%, then bending, and finishing the bending process by matching a special die and an insert block to obtain the shaped section.
(4) Natural aging: and finishing the natural aging process within 48h to obtain the final product.
(5) And (3) size measurement: the naturally aged aluminum alloy sections were subjected to field dimensional inspection by calipers, feelers, rulers, tape measures, etc., and the inspection results were recorded in table 1.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a 2026 aluminum alloy product having a heat treatment method substantially the same as that of example 1 except that: comparative example 1 the aluminum alloy forced setting apparatus 100 was not used in step (2).
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 provides a 2026 aluminum alloy product having a heat treatment method substantially the same as that of example 2 except that: comparative example 2 the aluminum alloy forced setting apparatus 100 was not used in step (2).
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 provides a 2024 aluminum alloy product having a heat treatment method substantially the same as that of example 3 except that: comparative example 3 the aluminum alloy forced setting apparatus 100 was not used in step (2).
The above examples and comparative examples were examined and analyzed, and the corresponding results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 test results of examples and comparative examples
As can be known from the above table, the aluminum alloy forced shaping device of the embodiment can prevent the aluminum alloy profile from deforming during quenching, so that the product has better straightness, transverse straightness, lateral straightness and torsion resistance.
In conclusion, the heat treatment method for forcibly setting the aluminum alloy can effectively solve the problem of bending deformation of the aluminum alloy after quenching; the aviation aluminum alloy section provided by the embodiment of the invention has good straightness and meets the requirement of aviation use.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.