CN108440545B - 一种葫芦硫脲类化合物及其在土壤修复中的应用 - Google Patents
一种葫芦硫脲类化合物及其在土壤修复中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种葫芦硫脲类化合物及其在土壤修复中的应用,所述葫芦硫脲类化合物具有如下结构:
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成及材料领域,具体涉及一种葫芦硫脲类化合物及其在土壤修复中的应用。
背景技术
CB[n],即南瓜尼,又称葫芦脲、瓜环。CB[n]具有特殊的结构,形状似葫芦,两端有开口空腔。南瓜尼是一类倍受关注的大环主体分子,由于CB[n]与很多客体分子有很强的键合,因此得到了广泛研究。CB[n]的用途非常广泛,主要应用领域包括超分子催化反应器、药物载体、分子开关、囊泡、水凝胶等。CB[n]的合成方法,目前多采用乙二醛与尿素在酸性条件下反应制备甘脲后再与甲醛发生缩聚反应得到南瓜尼,两步反应收率不足70%。本发明提供一种利用三光气、尿素、多聚甲醛、固体酸,一锅法制备CB[6],收率达86.2-89.5%;此外本发明还提供硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S和羟基硫代葫芦硫脲CB[6]SOH及其制备方法与应用。本发明专利得到了江苏省环境材料与环境工程重点实验室,开放基金,项目编号JHCG201002的资助。
发明内容
本发明提供一种一锅法合成南瓜尼类化合物CB[6]的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
室温下将尿素、三光气溶于乙醇中,加入固体酸,搅拌0.5-1.0h后,加入多聚甲醛,升温至40-50℃,继续搅拌反应4-5h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得南瓜尼类化合物CB[6]。
其中尿素、三光气、固体酸的摩尔比为10:2-3:0.5-0.8,多聚甲醛的摩尔用量为尿素的15-20倍;所述固体酸选自H2SO4-SiO2、TfOH-SiO2、HClO4-SiO2中的一种或几种。每摩尔尿素使用8.0-12L乙醇。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
室温下将硫脲、三光气溶于乙醇中,加入固体酸,搅拌0.5-1.0h后,加入多聚甲醛,升温至55-60℃,继续搅拌反应6-8h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S。
其中硫脲、三光气、固体酸的摩尔比为10:2-3:1.0-1.2,多聚甲醛的摩尔用量为尿素的25-30倍;所述固体酸选自H2SO4-SiO2、TfOH-SiO2、HClO4-SiO2中的一种或几种。每摩尔硫脲使用8.0-12L乙醇。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
取硫代甘脲溶于甲醛水溶液中,搅拌下加入浓硫酸,并升温至回流温度,反应4.0-5.0h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S。
其中每克硫代甘脲使用含量为30-40%的甲醛水溶液30-40mL,使用浓硫酸0.3-0.4mL。
本发明的另一实施方案提供一种羟基硫代葫芦硫脲CB[6]SOH,其特征在于所述羟基硫代葫芦硫脲CB[6]SOH的结构如下:
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述羟基硫代葫芦硫脲CB[6]SOH的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
将硫代葫芦脲CB[6]S加入双氧水中,升温至70℃后搅拌下加入碱金属氢氧化物和季铵盐,保持70℃搅拌反应24-36小时后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼用丙酮洗涤、真空干燥得羟基硫代葫芦脲CB[6]SOH。
其中每克硫代葫芦脲CB[6]S使用含量为30-35%的双氧水40-50mL,使用碱金属氢氧化物0.1g,使用季铵盐50mg;所述碱金属氢氧化物选自LiOH、NaOH、KOH中的一种或几种,所述季铵盐选自四丁基溴化铵或四丁基氟化铵。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述南瓜尼类化合物CB[6]、硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S、羟基硫代葫芦硫脲CB[6]SOH在环境修复中的应用。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述南瓜尼类化合物CB[6]、硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S、羟基硫代葫芦硫脲CB[6]SOH在降解土壤中农药残留的应用。所述农药优选有机氯农药或菊酯类农药,进一步优选DDT、六六六、氰戊菊酯、三氟胺菊酯。
本发明所述固体酸H2SO4-SiO2、HClO4-SiO2、TfOH-SiO2中酸的含量为2mmol/g;可由如下方法制备:向50mL乙醚中加入10g硅胶(优选300-400目)、20mmol酸(H2SO4、HClO4、TfOH)室温下搅拌均匀,用旋转蒸发仪蒸除乙醚,剩下的混合物于真空下加热到110℃,保持真空加热24h,得到淡黄色粉末,即得H2SO4-SiO2、HClO4-SiO2、TfOH-SiO2,该固体酸为2mmol/g。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明提供一种利用三光气、尿素、多聚甲醛、固体酸,一锅法制备CB[6],收率达86.2-89.5%;此外本发明还提供硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S和羟基硫代葫芦硫脲CB[6]SOH及其制备方法与降解土壤农药残留的应用。
具体实施方式
为了便于对本发明的进一步理解,下面提供的实施例对其做了更详细的说明。但是这些实施例仅供更好的理解发明而并非用来限定本发明的范围或实施原则,本发明的实施方式不限于以下内容。
实施例1
室温下将尿素(0.1mol)、三光气(20mmol)溶于乙醇(800mL)中,加入H2SO4-SiO2(2.5g),搅拌0.5h后,加入多聚甲醛(1.5mol,45g),升温至40-45℃,继续搅拌反应5h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得南瓜尼类化合物CB[6](经计算摩尔收率约为86.2%);CB[6]的结构确证数据(1HNMR、IR等)与文献报道一致(可参见《江苏技术师范学院学报》第12卷第4期第57-59页)
实施例2
室温下将尿素(0.1mol)、三光气(30mmol)溶于乙醇(1.2L)中,加入TfOH-SiO2(4.0g),搅拌1.0h后,加入多聚甲醛(2.0mol,60g),升温至45-50℃,继续搅拌反应4h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得南瓜尼类化合物CB[6](经计算摩尔收率约为89.5%);结构确证数据与实施例1一致。
实施例3
室温下将硫脲(0.1mol)、三光气(20mmol)溶于乙醇(800mL)中,加入H2SO4-SiO2(5g),搅拌0.5h后,加入多聚甲醛(2.5mol,75g),升温至55℃,继续搅拌反应8h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S(经计算摩尔收率约为81.4%)。IR(KBr,cm-1):1650(C=S),1252,1130(C-N);1HNMRδ5.51-5.46(m,4H),4.21(s,2H);元素分析:C36H36N24S12,理论计算值:C,36.35;H,3.05;N,28.26;实测值:C,36.32;H,3.06;N,28.25。
实施例4
室温下将硫脲(0.1mol)、三光气(30mmol)溶于乙醇(1.2L)中,加入HClO4-SiO2(6g),搅拌1.0h后,加入多聚甲醛(3.0mol,90g),升温至60℃,继续搅拌反应6h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S(经计算摩尔收率约为83.8%);结构确证数据与实施例3一致。
本发明实施例1-4中使用的固体酸H2SO4-SiO2、HClO4-SiO2、TfOH-SiO2中酸的含量为2mmol/g。
实施例5
取硫代甘脲(1.0g)溶于37%的甲醛水溶液(30mL)中,搅拌下加入浓硫酸(0.3mL),并升温至回流温度,反应5.0h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S(经计算摩尔收率约为78.2%);结构确证数据与实施例3一致。
实施例6
取硫代甘脲(1.0g)溶于37%的甲醛水溶液(40mL)中,搅拌下加入浓硫酸(0.4mL),并升温至回流温度,反应4.0h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S(经计算摩尔收率约为80.4%)。
实施例7
将硫代葫芦脲CB[6]S(1.0g)加入含量为35%的双氧水(40mL)中,升温至70℃后搅拌下加入KOH(0.1g)和TBAB(50mg),保持70℃搅拌反应36小时后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼用丙酮洗涤、真空干燥得羟基硫代葫芦脲CB[6]SOH,元素分析:C36H36O12N24S12,理论计算值:C,31.30;H,2.63;N,24.33;实测值:C,31.32;H,2.62;N,24.34。
实施例8
将硫代葫芦脲CB[6]S(1.0g)加入含量为30%的双氧水(50mL)中,升温至70℃后搅拌下加入LiOH(0.1g)和TBAF(50mg),保持70℃搅拌反应24小时后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼用丙酮洗涤、真空干燥得羟基硫代葫芦脲CB[6]SOH,结构确证数据与实施例7一致。
实施例9
将硫代葫芦脲CB[6]S(1.0g)加入含量为35%的双氧水(40mL)中,升温至70℃后搅拌下加入KOH(0.1g),保持70℃搅拌反应36小时后,检测未发现羟基硫代葫芦脲CB[6]SOH。
实施例10土壤中农药残留的降解试验
土壤样品选择:样品1:DDT、六六六的含量均为10mg/kg;样品2:氰戊菊酯、三氟胺菊酯的含量均为10mg/kg。
实验方法:各取3份2.0kg样品1和2,分别加入南瓜尼类化合物CB[6]、硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S和羟基硫代葫芦脲CB[6]SOH(各1.0g),混合均匀,48小时后,再分别各自补加相应的CB[6]、CB[6]S和CB[6]SOH(各1.0g),混合均匀,36小时后,检测土壤中农药的含量,结果见下表。
Claims (3)
2.一种硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
室温下将硫脲、三光气溶于乙醇中,加入固体酸,搅拌0.5-1.0h后,加入多聚甲醛,升温至55-60℃,继续搅拌反应6-8h后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼经重结晶后得硫代葫芦脲类化合物CB[6]S;其中硫脲、三光气、固体酸的摩尔比为10:2-3:1.0-1.2,多聚甲醛的摩尔用量为尿素的25-30倍;所述固体酸选自H2SO4-SiO2、TfOH-SiO2、HClO4-SiO2中的一种或几种;每摩尔硫脲使用8.0-12L乙醇。
3.一种羟基硫代葫芦硫脲CB[6]SOH的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
将硫代葫芦脲CB[6]S加入双氧水中,升温至70℃后搅拌下加入碱金属氢氧化物和季铵盐,保持70℃搅拌反应24-36小时后,将反应液倒入冰水中,过滤,滤饼用丙酮洗涤、真空干燥得羟基硫代葫芦脲CB[6]SOH;其中每克硫代葫芦脲CB[6]S使用含量为30-35%的双氧水40-50mL,使用碱金属氢氧化物0.1g,使用季铵盐50mg;所述碱金属氢氧化物选自LiOH、NaOH、KOH中的一种或几种,所述季铵盐选自四丁基溴化铵或四丁基氟化铵。
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