CN108430756A - 复合网格结构 - Google Patents

复合网格结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108430756A
CN108430756A CN201680071270.9A CN201680071270A CN108430756A CN 108430756 A CN108430756 A CN 108430756A CN 201680071270 A CN201680071270 A CN 201680071270A CN 108430756 A CN108430756 A CN 108430756A
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China
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rib
process according
fibrous material
laminated
synusia
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CN201680071270.9A
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CN108430756B (zh
Inventor
L·巴甫洛夫
I·蒂克勒泽
B·J·R·斯梅茨
S·M·西蒙尼安
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Atg Intellectual Property Private Ltd
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Atg Europe BV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/304—In-plane lamination by juxtaposing or interleaving of plies, e.g. scarf joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

网格结构，例如格子或网格加强结构，以及制造这种网格结构的过程。将纤维材料铺设在基底工具上以形成限定具有多个空腔的网格的交叉肋。在同一步骤中，铺设纤维材料以形成一个或多个局部子结构。这些块被放置在空腔的位置处。肋及局部子结构的纤维材料用树脂浸渍。可选地，将一层或多层纤维材料放置在基底工具上和/或在肋和块上方以形成外表皮。肋、局部子结构和可选的外表皮被联合地加固以形成网格结构。

Description

复合网格结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合网格结构和一种用于制造这种复合网格结构的过程。这种复合网格结构通常包括由纤维增强复合材料制成的交叉肋的网格或格子图案。可选地，这样的结构可以是包括表皮或壳体的网格加强复合结构。在一些情况下，第二壳体或表皮可存在于与第一表皮相对的肋的顶部。其他网格结构是没有表皮的格子结构。
背景技术
这种网格结构的肋可以例如在两个或更多个方向上平行延伸，形成矩形、三角形、菱形或多边形空腔的重复图案。这种网格结构结合了轻重量和高承载能力，并且例如用于空间技术。
网格结构可以例如使用膨胀块来制造。在这种过程中，预浸料丝束(prepregtows)被铺设在基底工具上以形成交叉肋。然后，将膨胀块放置在肋之间的空腔中。膨胀块通常是可热膨胀的材料，例如硅橡胶或PTFE。这些块可以是单独的块，或者可以与承载这些块的连续基层一体形成。可选地，用于形成表皮的预浸材料被铺设在膨胀块的顶部上。定位好膨胀块后，将组件放入真空袋中并放入高压灭菌器或烤箱中。在固化过程期间，膨胀块膨胀并在各肋上施加压力。膨胀块施加的压力使肋成形并压紧肋。固化之后，膨胀块被允许冷却和收缩并被去除。
制造网格结构的替代过程包括干纤维浸泡过程和细丝缠绕过程。在这两种情况下，首先放置这些块，然后将形成肋的丝束放置在块之间的凹槽中。借助干纤维浸泡(infusion)，组件于是被浸有树脂并固化。通过细丝缠绕，在将丝束放入凹槽之前，这些丝束被浸湿。
虽然网格结构提供了极好的整体刚度和强度，但网格结构不适于连接到其他结构或局部负载引入，因为这种连接或负载引入所需的任何修改都需要通过后续制造过程添加的附加材料，或者会扰乱网格并降低结构的承载能力和机械性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种允许更复杂用途的网格结构，例如使得它可以连接到一个或多个其他结构而不会危害结构的承载能力和可制造性。
本发明的目的通过制造网格结构的过程来实现，其中纤维材料(例如干纤维或预浸料丝束)被放置在基底工具上以形成限定具有多个空腔的网格的交叉肋，同时在同一步骤中，纤维材料(例如干纤维或预浸料层片)被铺设以形成一个或多个局部子结构。在较早或稍后的步骤中，将块放置在空腔的位置处。在较早或稍后的步骤中，肋和局部子结构的纤维材料用树脂浸渍。可选地，将一层或多层纤维材料放置在基底工具上和/或在肋和块上方以形成外表皮。肋、局部子结构和可选的外部表皮(例如通过固化)被共同地加固，以形成网格结构。
已经发现，将局部子结构与该结构的其余部分共同加固或固化可以制造使负载引入被优化并可以连接到其他结构的网格结构。而且，该过程具有成本效益且不耗费时间，因为该结构是在单一铺设步骤中构建起来的，并且可以在单一步骤中进行加固。这消除了后续铺设或固化操作的需要。
在这个方面，局部子结构是不构成网格图案或表皮的一部分的结构，其被设计为能够局部引入外部负载和/或局部加强肋和/或表皮。局部子结构可以例如包括加强结构(诸如在表皮上的盖板，例如在开口或切除部周围的盖板)，或者可以包括连接到一个或多个相邻的肋的负载引入结构或者在结构的边缘处的负载引入结构，所述负载引入结构适于将结构联接到其他结构。
肋和子结构由多个纤维增强复合材料层片或层制成。用于肋的纤维材料通常是单向纤维材料的纵向丝束。层片或层可以包括一个或多个丝束。用于子结构的纤维材料可以是任何合适类型的纤维材料，例如编织复合层片、单向片材或缝合层片堆叠或任何其它合适的类型。也可以使用不同纤维材料的组合。
纤维材料可以例如包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、高模量纤维、超高模量纤维或上述的混合物。纤维材料可以是干纤维材料、用可固化或热塑性树脂浸渍的预浸材料或用树脂浸湿的材料。合适的树脂包括但不限于环氧树脂、氰酸酯树脂、聚酯树脂或双马来酰亚胺树脂、或诸如PEI或PEEK的热塑性树脂。
表皮也由纤维材料制成，例如一层或多层织物和/或不同定向的浸渍单向材料，其可以是浸渍的预浸材料。表皮的树脂通常与肋和局部子结构的树脂类型相同。
通常，如果形成肋的丝束的端部与形成局部子结构的层交织，则可实现非常好的负载传递。肋的层片和局部子结构的层片之间的重叠量可针对每个特定应用和负载情况进行定制。实际上，该重叠例如可以是至少1mm，例如，至少3mm。
在特定实施例中，局部子结构包括叠层(laminate)边缘，该叠层边缘具有厚度朝着交叉肋的一排末端逐渐增加的部段。这种叠层边缘部段可以有效地用于优化负载引入，例如，在结构附接到另一负载承载部件的情况下。肋的末端例如可以与栅格结构的外边缘相距一定距离，外边缘通过延伸叠层边缘部段的层片而形成。如果存在表皮，则厚度逐渐增加的部段可以形成从外表皮到外叠层边缘的逐渐过渡。可以针对特定的负载分布模式来优化叠层边缘部段的锥形或构建速率和/或厚度。实际上，合适的构建速率例如为2至20，即对于每4-20mm长度的1mm厚度。
为了避免在肋和叠层边缘部段之间的过渡处的应力集中，交叉肋可以在叠层边缘部段附近设置有与叠层边缘部段齐平的端部。
交叉肋的丝束终止于叠层边缘部段中。结果，叠层边缘部段的层片的定位和定向独立于网格图案并且可以针对其特定应用和负载转移模式进行优化。例如，肋的至少一部分层与叠层边缘部段的层端部重叠并形成交织层端部的倾斜堆叠。在倾斜堆叠的具体实施例中，肋的这些层的重叠部分逐渐脱落，使得较高层片端部延伸超过较低层片端部，而叠层边缘部段的重叠层片端部逐渐构建，使得较低层片端部延伸超过较高层片端部。交织层端部的堆叠相对于叠层边缘部段的表面的倾斜角度可以是0至90度之间的任何合适角度，实际上其将为最多约70度，例如最多约45度，例如最多约30度，例如最多20度，例如最多15度。
将肋的高度降低到叠层边缘部段的水平可以通过脱落层片来完成，例如通过较高层片的层片端部重叠较低层片的层片端部。肋的层片的脱落及定位独立于叠层边缘部段的构建，并且因此可以在到达叠层边缘部段的区域之前和/或在叠层部段的构建部段处完成。肋的层片的脱落速率以及因此肋的脱落速率可以是线性或非线性的。实际的脱落速率例如将在20至2的范围内，即每5mm肋长度的肋高度降低0.2-2.5mm。也可以使用其他的脱落速率，但需要考虑工程因素。
叠层边缘部段例如可以用于与另一部件的粘合连接。替代地或附加地，可以在固化之后，在叠层边缘部段中设置开口和/或凹部，例如垂直于叠层边缘部段和/或在叠层边缘部段的平面内。这些开口可以使用机械紧固装置(例如螺栓)。
在固化期间，例如通过基底工具或人工和/或通过插入工具将压缩压力施加到叠层边缘部段上。这样的插入工具可以例如由金属、复合材料、陶瓷材料、基于盐或其他矿物的材料，或者可膨胀材料(例如硅橡胶)制成。硬工具材料(如金属)会改善所得结构的表面质量。也可以使用可膨胀材料的混合工具，该可膨胀材料具有使工具表面平滑的薄金属顶层。
局部子结构还可以包括盖板，例如与表皮中的切除部相邻的表皮增厚盖板，例如围绕这样的切除部或网格结构的任何其他部分。这样的盖板可以例如包括一个或多个预浸料层片。盖板可以与结构的其余部分一起在一次性过程中共同固化。
一个或多个盖板例如可以应用在表皮的肋侧和/或表皮的相对侧。在后一种情况下，可以使用诸如基底工具或垫板的工具板，其具有定制以适应一个或多个表皮增厚盖板的材料的凹部。例如，包括盖板在内的表皮的预浸料可以被直接铺设在工具板上，盖板位于凹部中。替代地，将盖板放置在工具板上，随后将工具板小心地定位在未固化的结构上，使得盖板恰好在匹配的凹部内。
局部子结构还可以包括局部肋接合子结构。例如，可以包括桥接两个相邻肋的肋接合结构。例如，预浸料层被铺设在基底工具上以形成这样的肋接合结构。形成肋接合结构的一个或多个预浸料层可以与形成相邻肋的预浸料丝束交织。这样的肋接合结构可以例如由延伸到肋中的层片与不延伸到肋中的层片交替构成。延伸到肋中的层片的一部分是可变的并且取决于设计，以便产生具有期望厚度的肋接合结构，且具有转移到肋上的优化负载。肋接合结构的多个层片可以例如延伸到肋中且延伸一段距离，该距离可以例如等于肋的宽度的至少一半或者小于肋的宽度的一半。
局部肋接合子结构可以例如用于将结构连接到另一个结构，例如通过粘接和/或通过机械紧固。局部肋接合子结构可以例如设置有一个或多个开口或凹部，例如用于与机械紧固装置一起使用。通过将这样的开口定位在局部肋接合子结构中，肋中的纤维材料和节点保持不间断。可选地，这样的开口可以通过粘合衬套或插入件来增强，可选地为设有凸螺纹或凹螺纹的插入件。可选地，这样的开口仅延伸过局部肋接合子结构的一部分厚度。
肋接合结构可以具有任何合适的形状、尺寸或厚度。厚度可以例如逐渐或逐步地变化。肋接合结构可以填充相邻肋之间的整个空腔，或者仅填充空腔的一部分，或者可以延伸超过任一侧上的肋高度。可选地，在单一局部子结构中可以设置多个附接孔。可选地，可以在单一空腔中放置两个或更多局部子结构。
网格结构例如可以是具有外表皮和/或内表皮或没有表皮的平板或旋转体，例如圆柱体或锥体，或这种旋转体的一段。
可选地，所公开的过程可以通过首先将表皮铺设在基底工具上并随后在表皮上构建肋来执行。替代地，也可以通过其他方式进行：首先放置肋和膨胀块，然后将表皮铺设在其顶部上。后一种选择特别适合于旋转体。
本发明还涉及一种层状复合材料的网格结构，其包括肋的网格并包括在至少一些肋之间的一个或多个负载引入结构，负载引入结构具有一个或多个层，所述层的层端部在一个或多个相邻肋的层之间延伸。如上所述，负载引入结构例如可以包括叠层边缘部段，该叠层边缘部段的厚度朝着交叉肋的一排末端逐渐增加。在特定实施例中，例如以交叉肋的末端与叠层边缘部段齐平这样的方式，构建交叉肋的层在叠层边缘部段的方向上逐步构建(build off)。
例如，肋的至少一部分层与叠层边缘部段的层端部重叠并形成交织层端部的倾斜堆叠。在特定实施例中，肋的层的重叠部分逐渐脱落，而叠层边缘部段的层的重叠部分逐渐构建。
其他负载引入结构可以包括由交叉肋界定的空腔中的至少一个结构，所述结构与交叉肋中的至少一个接合，如上所述。
附图说明
参照示出示例性实施例的附图进一步解释本发明。
图1：示出网格加强复合结构的示例性实施例；
图2：示出格子结构的示例性实施例；
图3：示意性地示出一种制造图1的结构的过程；
图4A：详细示出图1的结构的肋端部和叠层边缘部段；
图4B：示出在图4A中所示部段的中间平面横截面处的层片的结构；
图4C：示出第三示例性实施例；
图4D：示出第四示例性实施例；
图5A：示出第五实施例的局部子结构的正视图；
图5B：示出图5A的结构的立体后视图；
图6：示出第六实施例的局部子结构；
图7：示出图6的结构的示意性剖视图；
图8：示出不同实施例的与图7类似的横截面。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有局部子结构2的网格加强复合结构1的示例性实施例。该结构1包括壳体或表皮3，该壳体或表皮由沿三个方向延伸的规则地间隔开的交叉肋6、7、8的网格4增强。肋6、7、8在节点9处相交并形成三角形空腔12的重复图案。替代实施例可以被设计为具有任何其他合适的网格图案，包括但不限于不均匀网格图案。
在图1的该示例性实施例中，局部子结构2是叠层部段13，其厚度朝向肋7、8的一排末端14逐渐增加。
在肋7、8的末端14处，肋的高度已经与叠层部段13平齐。在此，厚度逐渐增加的部段作为大致均匀厚度的叠层边缘16继续。局部子结构2形成负载引入边缘，该负载引入边缘设置有开口17以用于机械紧固装置(未示出)。由于叠层部段13的逐渐增厚，通过紧固装置施加的负载分布在网格结构上，同时应力峰值和应力集中被最小化。替代地，负载引入边缘16可以用于通过粘合剂粘合来附接，在这种情况下，不再需要开口17。边缘16和部段13逐渐将任何弯曲、拉伸、剪切和压缩负载引导到网格结构中。
图2示出网格加强结构10的替代实施例，除了结构10是没有表皮3的格子之外，该结构10与图1的结构1相同。
图3示意性地示出图1的结构1如何能够通过一次固化过程来制造。首先，通过在基部21的表面上施加释放膜或脱模剂(release agent)来制备基部21。在下一步骤中，将未固化的预浸材料的丝束彼此叠置以在期望的网格图案中形成交叉肋6、7、8。另外，形成局部子结构13、16(图3中未示出)的丝束被铺设为其端部与形成交叉肋6、7的丝束交织，这将在下文中解释。由于丝束的粘性，丝束保持附接在彼此的顶部。
在下一步骤中，膨胀块23被定位在肋6、7、8之间的空腔12中。然后，表皮25被放置以覆盖网格4和膨胀块23。
为了确保在固化期间结构1的尺寸稳定性，如果网格复合结构1是面板或其他非柱形结构，则在网格4的边缘处构建刚性框架27以保持肋6、7、8平直。
然后，将垫板(caul plate，衬板)28放置在表皮25的顶部上，并将通气织物(breather fabric)29放置在组件上方。在下一步骤中，将所得组件放入真空袋31中并放入高压灭菌器(autoclave)或烤箱(未示出)中。
在固化期间，膨胀块23膨胀并压紧肋6、7、8，以限定肋6、7、8的最终形状和尺寸。在压缩期间，肋的高度增加并且肋变得足够高以与表皮共同固化。表皮25、肋6、7、8和局部子结构13、16共同固化以形成局部加强结构13、16、表皮25和网格4之间的持久内聚力。在固化之后，膨胀块23从结构1移除。
图4A详细示出肋7、8的末端与叠层部段13相交的部段。图4B示意性地示出沿着图4A中所示的细节的垂直中间平面的横截面。肋7由一叠层片32构建。在第一过渡区域33中，部分层片终止。在该过渡区域33中，较低终端层片端部32A终止于到叠层部段13比下一个较高的终端层片端部32B更远的距离处，从而使得肋7的高度逐渐与叠层边缘区段13的表面平齐。终端层片端部32A、32B、32C、32D交替地铺设在延伸到叠层边缘部段13中的层片之间以形成第二过渡区域34。可选地，多个层片可以终止于单一层中的单个位置处。在第二过渡区域34中，肋7的层片32逐渐脱落(drop-off)，其中较高层片端部32Z延伸超过较低层片端部32Y，以限定线性或可选地非线性的脱落速率。叠层边缘部段13的层片35逐渐构建，较低层片端部35A以与第二过渡区34中的肋层片32的脱落速率对应的构建速率延伸超过较高层片端部35B。在固化期间，过渡区34将被压缩并与叠层边缘部段13的表面齐平。
延伸到第二过渡区域34中的肋7的层片端部32与叠层部段13的层片端部35交织。在第二过渡区域34中肋7和叠层边缘部段13的重叠层片端部形成倾斜堆叠的交织层端部。该堆叠相对于叠层边缘部段的表面的倾斜角α可以是0至90度之间的任何合适角度，实际上其将小于约70度，例如小于约30度，例如小于15度。
在图4A和图4B中，肋层片32在进入叠层部段13之前开始脱落。这可能导致如图4C所示的结构。替代地，肋7的层片端部可以在叠层部段已经完全被构建的部段中结束。图4D示出这种结构的一个示例。
图5A和图5B分别示出网格加强复合结构40的另一个示例性实施例的部段的正视图(表皮侧；参见图5A)和后视图(肋侧；参见图5B)。网格加强结构40具有表皮41和在表皮41的肋侧处限定具有三角形空腔45的规则网格图案的交叉肋42、43、44。网格图案被中心六边形的切除部49打断，中心六边形的切除部49由交叉肋42、43、44界定。在与肋侧相对的一侧，盖板(patch)51被施加在表皮41上，表皮41在切除部49的轮廓处通过相邻的肋而桥接肋。盖板51由单层片预浸材料形成，或者如果期望的话由更多层片形成。在所示实施例中，盖板51完全包围切除部49。在替代实施例中，盖板例如可以仅部分地与切除部接界。已经发现，在各种的情况下，这种盖板51足以保持与未受干扰的网格加强结构接近相同水平的抗弯性。
图6中示出另一类型的局部子结构，其具有网格加强结构55的一部分。三个交叉肋56、57、58在节点61处相交并限定三角形空腔59。第四肋63穿过节点61中的一个。在该节点61处，空腔59设有局部桥接两个交叉肋56、58的局部肋接合子结构65。在这个示例性实施例中，局部子结构65是设有开口的负载引入结构，例如用于与机械紧固装置协作。
局部肋接合子结构65通过堆叠丝束或层片67而形成，类似于肋的构建。形成局部子结构65的丝束或层片67具有与相邻肋56、58的那些交织的端部69，如图7所示(仅示出在压缩和固化之前和之后的两个肋中的一个)。在局部子结构65中，延伸到肋58中的每个层片67位于没有延伸到肋58中的两对层片71之间。延伸到肋中的层片数量可以根据工程考虑而变化。
在图6和图7中，局部子结构65具有与肋56、57、58、63大致相同的高度。替代地，局部下部结构65可具有较小的高度，例如，如图8所示。
本发明不限于上文描述的实施例，其可以在权利要求的范围内以多种方式变化。

Claims (22)

1.一种制造包括纤维和树脂的层状复合材料的网格结构的过程，
其中，在一个步骤中，将纤维材料铺设在基底工具上以形成交叉肋，所述交叉肋限定具有多个空腔的网格；
在同一步骤中，铺设所述纤维材料以形成一个或多个局部子结构；
在较早或稍后的步骤中，将膨胀块放置在所述空腔的位置处；
在较早或稍后的步骤中，所述肋和所述局部子结构的纤维材料用树脂浸渍；
可选地，将一层或多层所述纤维材料放置在所述基底工具上和/或放置在所述肋和所述膨胀块上以形成外表皮；
所述肋、所述局部子结构以及可选的所述外表皮被共同地加固，以形成网格结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的过程，其中，形成所述肋的所述纤维材料的部分与形成所述局部子结构的所述纤维材料的端部交织。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的过程，其中，形成所述肋的所述纤维材料包括预浸料丝束，并且形成所述局部子结构的所述纤维材料包括预浸料层片。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的过程，其中，所述一个或多个局部子结构中的至少一个包括叠层件，所述叠层件的部段的厚度朝向所述交叉肋的一排末端逐渐增加。
5.根据权利要求4所述的过程，其中，所述肋的末端与所述网格结构的外边缘相距一段距离，所述外边缘通过延伸逐渐增厚的叠层部段的层片而形成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的过程，其中，所述交叉肋具有靠近所述叠层边缘部段的端部，所述端部与所述外叠层边缘齐平。
7.根据权利要求4或5或6所述的过程，其中，多层所述交叉肋终止于所述叠层边缘部段中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的过程，其中，多层所述肋重叠下部丝束以逐渐减小所述肋的高度。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的过程，其中，在固化之后，在所述叠层边缘中设置诸如开口或凹部的连接结构。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的过程，其中，在加固期间，将压紧压力施加到所述叠层边缘上。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的过程，其中，所述一个或多个局部子结构包括一个或多个盖板，例如位于所述可选的表皮上。
12.根据权利要求11所述的过程，其中所述盖板包括一个或多个层片。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的过程，其中，使用工具，所述工具具有被定制以容纳所述一个或多个盖板的材料的凹部。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的过程，其中，堆叠丝束或层片以形成局部子结构，其中形成所述局部子结构的至少一些丝束或层片的端部与形成相邻肋的丝束交织。
15.根据权利要求14所述的过程，其中，所述局部子结构桥接相邻的肋。
16.一种包括纤维和树脂的层状复合材料的网格结构，所述网格结构包括具有在所述肋之间的开放空间的肋的网格，且可选地包括外表皮，并且所述网状结构包括在至少一些所述肋之间的一个或多个负载引入结构，所述负载引入结构具有一个或多个层，所述层的层端部在一个或多个相邻肋的层之间延伸。
17.根据权利要求16所述的网格结构，其中，所述负载引入结构包括叠层边缘部段，所述叠层边缘部段的厚度朝向所述交叉肋的一排末端逐渐增加。
18.根据权利要求17所述的网格结构，其中，构成所述交叉肋的层在所述叠层边缘部段的方向上逐渐构建。
19.根据权利要求18所述的网格结构，其中，所述交叉肋的末端与所述叠层边缘部段齐平。
20.根据权利要求16至19中任一项所述的网格结构，其中，所述肋的层的至少一部分重叠所述叠层边缘部段的肋端部，其中所述肋的层的重叠部分逐渐脱落，同时所述叠层边缘部段的层的重叠部分逐渐构建。
21.根据权利要求20所述的网格结构，其中，所述重叠部分形成交织层端部的倾斜堆叠，所述交织层端部相对于所述叠层边缘部段的表面的倾斜角度最多约70度，例如最多约30度，例如最多15度。
22.根据前述权利要求16至21中任一项所述的网格结构，其中，所述负载引入结构包括由所述交叉肋界定的腔中的至少一个结构，所述结构与所述交叉肋中的至少一个接合。
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