CN1084272A - Portable density is taken into account density measuring method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of portable density is taken into account density measuring method, it is characterized in that said densitometer is made up of hydraulic system, first floating chamber and second floating chamber, three parts, there is cross over pipe to communicate between hydraulic system and first floating chamber, first floating chamber is isolated by the slipper seal piston of pressure transmitter effect with between second floating chamber, and fluid pressure can be delivered in the liquid of second floating chamber by said slipper seal piston in first floating chamber.Said density measuring method is to utilize said densitometer, when the floating drum by variable volume in two floating chambers floats among the liquid of two kinds of different densities under sample and n.s. situation are arranged, measures the pressure of liquid, and calculates the density of testee according to this.
Description
The present invention relates to the measuring method and the equipment of solid and density of liquid, particularly the in-site measurement of density of solid.
The measurement of material density is an important surveying work, has now developed multiple measuring method and measuring technique, mainly is divided into solid density measuring method, liquid density measurement method and elatrometry.The measuring technique of material density has been narrated by " density measure technology " (Lian Yuying compiles, and China Machine Press publishes, May nineteen eighty-two, Beijing first published) system, wherein the listed several method of table 1 that mainly contains commonly used in the solid density measuring method:
Table 1 is used solid density measuring method always
| Measuring method | Ultimate principle | Purposes | Main tool |
| Hydrostatic is weighed method bottle method immersion method gas volume method gradient column method | Archimedes principle density definition density definition Boyle's law Archimedes principle | General solid solid, liquid particle particle particle | Balance balance balance pressure gauge, balance |
All there is a common problem in several existing solid density measuring methods in the table 1, i.e. the measurement of density all must be carried out in the laboratory generally speaking, and can not carry out in-site measurement.Science examination in the open air and when on market, carrying out chamber stone, the trade of precious metal jewellery, people press for a kind of being convenient to and carry, measurement is quick, convenient, solid body densitometer in time solid matters such as mineral, jewel, jewellery makes accurately to identify accurately, and spends long time to go evaluation specially to the laboratory.Above-mentioned existing method just can not be finished this task.
Chinese patent application prospectus CN86108558A discloses a kind of " quick solid density (proportion) analyzer ", its principle is to utilize spring balance to measure testee respectively in air and the weight in water, calculates object proportion according to the law of buoyancy then.Balance densitometry in its ultimate principle and the laboratory is duplicate, has just changed balance into spring balance.The shortcoming of the method is: the precision of (1) spring balance is on duty (generally being not used in material learns on the instrument) mutually, and this gives and identifies that testee brings difficulty, is difficult to be used for the evaluation of valuable objects such as jewel, jewellery; (2) measurement result of spring balance and the earth acceleration of gravity have, and the acceleration of gravity of various places is different, so measurement result is subjected to the influence in geographic position; (3) measurement result of spring balance is subject to the time, the influence of environment and access times.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, propose a kind of new density measuring method, and design a kind of portable densimeter according to the method.This densitometer can be measured solid and density of liquid at the scene easily and fast, exactly, to satisfy the needs of open-air scientific investigation and jewelry, the on-the-spot trade of jewellery.
Technical scheme of the present invention is integrated application Archimedes principle and Boyle's law, when the floating drum by variable volume reaches buoyancy and gravitational equilibrium in the liquid medium of two kinds of different densities when being loaded with and be not loaded with object under test, measure the static pressure of liquid, and calculate the density of object under test according to this.
Portable densimeter of the present invention is made up of a hydraulic system (1), first floating chamber (2) and second floating chamber (3), adopt thread seal gummed mode to be connected between hydraulic system (1) and first floating chamber (2), add rubber seal (3-2) movable sealing by screw thread between first floating chamber (2) and second floating chamber (3) and be connected; Said hydraulic system (1) has a liquid storage cylinder (1-1), a breather valve (1-2) is arranged at (1-1) top at liquid storage cylinder, lateral surface at liquid storage cylinder (1-1) has a micro calculator (1-3), (1-1) is adjacent with liquid storage cylinder, a fluid pressure indicator (1-5) and pressurization fluid cylinder (1-8) are arranged respectively, between Hydraulic Pressure Indicator (1-5) and first floating chamber (2), a cross over pipe (1-6) is arranged, cross over pipe (1-6) also links with blowdown valve (1-7), blowdown valve (1-7) has a ball valve (1-11) and a liquid back pipe (1-12) that communicates with liquid storage cylinder (1-1), said pressurization fluid cylinder (1-8) has a unidirectional feed tube (1-9) that communicates with liquid storage cylinder (1-1) and a unidirectional drain pipe (1-10) that communicates with first floating chamber (2) respectively, also have a pressurizing piston (1-13) in the pressurization fluid cylinder (1-8), it is connected with hydraulic pressurization bar (1-4) by connecting rod (1-14); A floating drum (2-2) is arranged in first floating chamber (2), a slipper seal piston (2-3) is arranged in the floating drum (2-2), the bottom of piston (2-3) is the gas chamber (2-4) of variable volume, sample box (2-5) is fixed in the bottom of floating drum (2-2), have one or more through holes (2-6) on the wall of sample box (2-5), so that the immersion of liquid, be provided with the position view window (2-1) of a floating drum (2-2) on the wall of first floating chamber (2), the cavity between first floating chamber (2) and the floating drum (2-2) is for containing the chamber (2-7) of first kind of liquid.A floating drum (3-5) is also arranged in second floating chamber (3), a slipper seal piston (3-6) is arranged in the floating drum (3-5), the bottom of piston (3-6) is the gas chamber (3-7) of variable volume, sample box (3-8) is fixed in the bottom of floating drum (3-5), have one or more through holes (3-11) on the wall of sample box (3-8), so that the immersion of liquid, cavity between second floating chamber (3) and the floating drum (3-5) is the chamber (3-12) that holds second kind of liquid, there is the lid (3-10) of a loading and unloading sample below of second floating chamber (3), lid (3-10) is threaded with second floating chamber (3), and a caulking gum sheet (3-9) is arranged therebetween; At second floating chamber (3) internal upper part a slipper seal piston (3-3) that plays the pressure transmitter effect is arranged, piston (3-3) both can be isolated the liquid in first floating chamber and second floating chamber, the pressure of liquid in first floating chamber can be delivered in the liquid of second floating chamber again; Glue together between the catch (3-1) that a piston (3-3) is arranged on the top of second floating chamber (3), catch (3-1) and second floating chamber (3) and be connected; The position view window (3-4) that a floating drum (3-5) is arranged on the wall of second floating chamber (3).
Preferably said first floating chamber (2) and second floating chamber (3) are made by metal material or plastics, organic glass.Said pressure indicator (1-5) can be commercially available mechanical type hydraulic table, also can use the pressure transducer of band display device, and said micro calculator (1-3) is commercially available micro calculator.
Density measuring method of the present invention is, said portable densimeter above utilizing, in first floating chamber and second floating chamber, contain different but the two kinds of different liquid that numerical value is known of density respectively, tested solid sample places in the sample box, regulate hydraulic system pressure, successively change the floating drum volume that has in two floating chambers under solid sample and the carry sample situation not respectively, make floating drum ensemble average density identical with fluid density in the floating chamber, place, thereby make floating drum among the liquid at place, record fluid pressure at this moment.According to Archimedes principle and Boyle's law,, calculate the density of tested solid sample according to (1) formula through deriving
ρx＝ (C2-C1)/(C2ρ2-C1ρ1) ρ1ρ2 （1）
Wherein ρ x, ρ 1, ρ 2 are respectively the density of tested solid sample, liquid 1 and liquid 2,
C1＝ (P″1-P′1)/(P″1P′1) （2）
C2＝ (P″2-P′2)/(P″2P′2) （3）
P in the formula (2), (3) " 1, P ' 1 is respectively the n.s. and the pressure value of liquid when having sample situation lower pontoon to float in the liquid 1 in first floating chamber; P " 2, P ' 2 is respectively the n.s. and the pressure value of liquid when having sample situation lower pontoon to float in the liquid 2 in second floating chamber.
When measuring fluid density, fluid to be measured contained in second floating chamber (be liquid 2), its measuring method is the same with top solid density measuring, and just the density of solid sample is known at this moment, and the density p 2 of fluid to be measured is calculated as follows:
ρ2＝ (C1ρ1ρ2)/(（C1-C2）ρ1+C2ρx) （4）
The meaning of each symbol and formula (1) in the formula (4), (2), (3) are identical.
In view of the derivation more complicated of (1) formula, saved derivation here.
The concrete using method of portable densimeter of the present invention is as follows:
1, turns on blowdown valve (1-7), make pressure indicator get back to " 0 ", fasten blowdown valve again.
2, tighten breather valve (1-2), promptly close liquid storage cylinder (1-1).
3, densitometer is turned over a body up and down, open the dress sample port of first floating chamber,, sample is placed in the sample box (2-5) even first floating chamber separates with second floating chamber.
4, first floating chamber is tightly connected with second floating chamber.
5, densitometer is turned over a body up and down again, get back to position as Fig. 1.
6, turn on breather valve (1-2).
7, press pressure rod (1-4) repeatedly, fluid pressure is slowly increased.
8, when floating drum in first floating chamber falls and floats in the liquid 1, record pressure value P ' 1 at this moment.
9, continue pressurization, when the floating drum in second floating chamber falls and floats in the liquid 2, record fluid pressure numerical value P " 2 at this moment.
10, repeat the step of 1-4, sample is taken out from first floating chamber.
11, open loading and unloading sample lid (3-10) again, sample is put in the sample box (3-8) of second floating chamber.
12, repeat the 5-9 step, measure pressure value P " 1 and P ' 2.
13, with in the P ' 1, the P that record " 1, P ' 2, P " the 2 substitution formulas (1), calculate the density p x of sample with micro calculator.
14, the measuring method of fluid density and solid are just the same, only need the normal fluid of second floating chamber is changed into fluid to be measured, and solid sample uses the standard model of known density to get final product.
Use densitometer of the present invention, used liquid should be not and institute's parts in contact generation chemical reaction.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1, densitometer volume of the present invention is little, in light weight, easy to carry, and its sizableness is in No. 1 a battery electric torch.
2, adopt pressure transmitter in the design, thereby only need use a pressurizer just can pressurize to two kinds of liquid, each operation just can obtain 4 essential pressure datas, calculates density of solid according to formula (1) then.
3, floating drum adopts the sliding plunger structure, has eliminated the additional forces of floating drum overcoat to internal gas.
4, micro calculator and densitometer are integrated convenient calculating.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing (also being embodiments of the invention) the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the densitometric three-dimensional elevation cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the back pseudosection of hydraulic system.
(1) is hydraulic system among the figure, and (2) are first floating chambers, and (3) are second floating chambers.In hydraulic system, (1-1) be liquid storage cylinder, (1-2) be breather valve, (1-3) be micro calculator, (1-4) be the hydraulic pressurization bar, (1-5) be Hydraulic Pressure Indicator, (1-6) being cross over pipe, (1-7) is blowdown valve, (1-8) is the pressurization fluid cylinder, (1-9) be the unidirectional feed tube of pressurization fluid cylinder (1-8), (1-10) being the unidirectional drain pipe of pressurization fluid cylinder (1-8), (1-11) is the ball valve in the blowdown valve, (1-12) is liquid back pipe, (1-13) being the pressurizing piston of pressurization fluid cylinder, (1-14) is the connecting rod between pressurizing piston (1-13) and the pressure rod (1-4).In first floating chamber (2), be that window is examined in the position of floating drum in first floating chamber (2-2) (2-1), (2-2) be floating drum, (2-3) be the interior slipper seal piston of floating drum (2-2), (2-4) be the interior variable volume gas chamber of floating drum (2-2), (2-5) being sample box in first floating chamber, (2-6) is the through hole on sample box (2-5) wall, (2-7) is the chamber of contain fluid in first floating chamber.In second floating chamber (3), (3-1) be catch, (3-2) be rubber seal between first floating chamber and second Room, (3-3) be the slipper seal piston of pressure transmitter effect, (3-4) be the position view window of floating drum in second floating chamber (3-5), (3-5) be floating drum, (3-6) be the slipper seal piston of floating drum (3-5), (3-7) be the variable gas chamber of floating drum (3-5) inner volume, (3-8) being sample box, (3-9) is the caulking gum sheet, (3-10) is the dress sample lid of second floating chamber, (3-11) be through hole on sample box (3-8) wall, (3-12) be the chamber of contain fluid in second floating chamber.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of portable densimeter of measuring solid and fluid density, it is characterized in that forming by a hydraulic system (1), first floating chamber (2) and second floating chamber (3), adopt thread seal gummed mode to be connected between hydraulic system (1) and first floating chamber (2), add rubber seal (3-2) movable sealing by screw thread between first floating chamber (2) and second floating chamber (3) and be connected; Said hydraulic system (1) has a liquid storage cylinder (1-1), at liquid storage cylinder (1-1) top a breather valve (1-2) is arranged, lateral surface at liquid storage cylinder (1-1) has a micro calculator (1-3), (1-1) is adjacent with liquid storage cylinder, a fluid pressure indicator (1-5) and pressurization fluid cylinder (1-8) are arranged respectively, between Hydraulic Pressure Indicator (1-5) and first floating chamber (2), a cross over pipe (1-6) is arranged, cross over pipe (1-6) also links with blowdown valve (1-7), blowdown valve (1-7) has a ball valve (1-11) and a liquid back pipe (1-12) that communicates with liquid storage cylinder (1-1), said pressurization fluid cylinder (1-8) has a unidirectional feed tube (1-9) that communicates with liquid storage cylinder (1-1) and a unidirectional drain pipe (1-10) that communicates with first floating chamber (2) respectively, also have a pressurizing piston (1-13) in the pressurization fluid cylinder (1-8), it is connected with hydraulic pressurization bar (1-4) by connecting rod (1-14); A floating drum (2-2) is arranged in first floating chamber (2), a slipper seal piston (2-3) is arranged in the floating drum (2-2), the bottom of piston (2-3) is the gas chamber (2-4) of variable volume, sample box (2-5) is fixed in the bottom of floating drum (2-2), have one or more through holes (2-6) on the wall of sample box (2-5), be provided with the position view window (2-1) of a floating drum (2-2) on the wall of first floating chamber (2), the cavity between first floating chamber (2) and the floating drum (2-2) is for containing the chamber (2-7) of first kind of liquid; A floating drum (3-5) is also arranged in second floating chamber (3), a slipper seal piston (3-6) is arranged in the floating drum (3-5), the bottom of piston (3-6) is the gas chamber (3-7) of variable volume, sample box (3-8) is fixed in the bottom of floating drum (3-5), have one or more through holes (3-11) on the wall of sample box (3-8), cavity between second floating chamber (3) and the floating drum (3-5) is the chamber (3-12) that holds second kind of liquid, there is the lid (3-10) of a loading and unloading sample below of second floating chamber (3), lid (3-10) is threaded with second floating chamber (3), one caulking gum sheet (3-9) is arranged therebetween, at second floating chamber (3) internal upper part a slipper seal piston (3-3) that plays the pressure transmitter effect is arranged, on the top of second floating chamber (3) catch (3-1) is arranged, glue together between catch (3-1) and second floating chamber and be connected, the position view window (3-4) of a floating drum (3-5) is arranged on the wall of second floating chamber.
2, portable densimeter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said first floating chamber and second floating chamber made by metal material or plastics, organic glass.
3, as the portable densimeter of claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that said fluid pressure indicator (1-5) can be the commercially available mechanical compression table or the pressure transducer of band display device, said micro calculator is commercially available micro calculator.
4, a kind of method of measuring solid and fluid density is characterized in that said method comprises:
A, provide one, and in said densitometric first floating chamber and second floating chamber, hold different but the two kinds of different liquid that numerical value is known of density respectively as the said portable densimeter of claim 1;
The pressure of B, the said densitometric hydraulic system of adjusting, successively change the floating drum volume under the situation that has solid sample and carry sample not in two floating chambers respectively, make floating drum ensemble average density identical with the fluid density in the floating chamber, place, thereby floating drum is floated in the liquid of place, record fluid pressure at this moment;
C, use Archimedes principle and Boyle's law, calculate the density of tested solid sample according to the formula of deriving below (1):
ρx＝ (C2-C1)/(C2ρ2-C1ρ1) ρ1ρ2 （1）
Wherein ρ x, ρ 1, ρ 2 are respectively the density of tested solid sample, liquid 1 and liquid 2,
C1＝ (P″1-P′1)/(P″1P′1) （2）
C2＝ (P″2-P′2)/(P″2P′2) （3）
P in the formula (2), (3) " 1, P ' 1 is respectively the n.s. and the pressure value of liquid when having sample situation lower pontoon to float in the liquid 1 in first floating chamber; P " 2, P ' 2 is respectively the n.s. and the pressure value of liquid when having sample situation lower pontoon to float in the liquid 2 in second floating chamber,
When D, measurement fluid density, fluid to be measured is contained in second floating chamber, its measuring method is identical with the B operation, calculates the density p 2 of fluid to be measured then by following formula
ρ2＝ (C1ρ1ρ2)/(（C1-C2）ρ1+C2ρx) （4）
The meaning of each symbol and formula (1) in the formula (4), (2), (3) are identical, but the density of the solid sample of this moment should be known.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92110788 CN1084272A (en) | 1992-09-14 | 1992-09-14 | Portable density is taken into account density measuring method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92110788 CN1084272A (en) | 1992-09-14 | 1992-09-14 | Portable density is taken into account density measuring method |
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| CN1084272A true CN1084272A (en) | 1994-03-23 |
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| CN 92110788 Pending CN1084272A (en) | 1992-09-14 | 1992-09-14 | Portable density is taken into account density measuring method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100510694C (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2009-07-08 | 特罗克斯勒电子实验有限公司 | Determination of envelope volume and density of porous samples |
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1992
- 1992-09-14 CN CN 92110788 patent/CN1084272A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100510694C (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2009-07-08 | 特罗克斯勒电子实验有限公司 | Determination of envelope volume and density of porous samples |
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