CN2636222Y - Flexible boundary loading experiment machine for broken rock and soil compressing experiment - Google Patents
Flexible boundary loading experiment machine for broken rock and soil compressing experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN2636222Y CN2636222Y CN 03272866 CN03272866U CN2636222Y CN 2636222 Y CN2636222 Y CN 2636222Y CN 03272866 CN03272866 CN 03272866 CN 03272866 U CN03272866 U CN 03272866U CN 2636222 Y CN2636222 Y CN 2636222Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a flexible border loading testing machine, which comprises a testing machine frame, three pressure devices positioned out of the testing machine frame, a pressure chamber cylinder body and at least an ultrasonic displacement measurement device fixed on the lower surface of the upper cover board. A sample wrapped with a latex film on the side is positioned in the pressure chamber cylinder body and a confining pressure chamber is formed between the side of the latex film and the inner wall of the pressure chamber cylinder body; the confining pressure chamber is filled with liquid or gas; an axle load piston ring is positioned on the sample and the outer diameter of the axle load piston ring is the same as the inner diameter of the pressure chamber cylinder body; an axle load loading capsule is positioned between the axle load piston ring and the upper cover board; a balancing pressure piston ring positioned in the lower cover board of the testing machine frame is fixedly connected with the axle load piston ring via a balancing pressure dowel bar and is arranged with a balancing pressure loading capsule on the lower part. The three pressure devices are separately communicated with the axle load loading capsule, the balancing pressure loading capsule and the liquid or gas in the confining pressure chamber.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of experimental facilities of measuring mechanics of materials parameter, particularly a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine that carries out the compression test of fragmented rock body or soil-rock mixture.
Background technology
At present, the instrument of the shearing strength of the most frequently used mensuration soil is exactly the triaxial compression test machine in soil mechanics, as shown in Figure 1, it is made of pressure chamber, axial pressure system, confined pressure compression system and interstitial hydraulic pressure measuring system, described in " soil mechanics and foundation works " book of publishing house of Wuhan Polytechnical Univ version Zhao Ming China in 2000 work, the core of triaxial compression test machine is the pressure chamber, the closed container that it is made up of a piston 15, last cushion block 13, lower cushion block 14, upper cover plate 2, lower cover 11 and transparent organic glass tube 3; The axial pressure system is in order to apply axle pressure to sample, and the speed of may command axial strain, under certain confined pressure condition, increase axle pressure gradually, the generation shear stress of respectively naming a person for a particular job in the sample, if the shear stress of certain point reaches its shearing strength, will produce relative displacement and produce sliding failure in the both sides of shear surface; Along with the continuation of xial feed increases, the shear stress in the sample reaches that the zone of shearing strength is more and more big, and each slipping plane is linked to be integral body at last, and sample overall shear failure will take place and loses stability.
The axial loading border of common triaxial compression test machine is a rigidity, be given be the displacement boundary loading environment, for homogeneous material, the constitutive relation of the homogeneous material that this experimental machine is measured and breakdown strength can be represented the stress state of any point in the material basically, as for metal material, this experimental machine can provide gratifying measurement result.
But, contain the structural plane rock mass or this class of soil-rock mixture is non-homogeneous for picture, discrete medium, adopt the rigid boundary load mode, can cause on the border skewness of acting force even uncertain, moreover, non-homogeneous, discrete medium distribution of its internal stress under external force is also inhomogeneous, acting force between some regional block or the particle is very big, and it is not other regional stressed very little even stressed, the unevenness of power will be reflected on the border, the uncertainty that causes boundary condition, therefore, the experimental machine of this given displacement boundary conditions can not reflect the objective reality situation well when carrying out the compression test of fragmented rock body or soil-rock mixture.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is: the axial loading border that overcomes common triaxial compression test machine be rigidity limitation, with and cause when carrying out the compression test of fragmented rock body or soil-rock mixture, the axial loading border of rigidity can not be reflected the defective of objective reality situation well, thereby a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine is provided.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine of the present utility model, comprise: the testing machine framework, three are positioned at experimental machine framework outer pressue device and pressure chamber's cylinder body, the upper cover plate of described experimental machine framework and lower cover fixedly form by the column more than at least three, be installed in the central authorities of upper cover plate and lower cover with the contour pressure chamber's cylinder body of column, it is characterized in that: comprise that also at least one is fixed on the ultrasonic displacement measurement mechanism at the lower surface place of upper cover plate, be sealed with the loading capsule that the latex film of liquid or gas is made, two piston rings and equilibrium pressure transmission rod; Wherein, the sample that the side is enclosed with latex film is positioned at pressure chamber's cylinder body, forms a confined pressure pressure chamber, full of liquid or gas in this confined pressure pressure chamber between its side and the pressure chamber's inboard wall of cylinder block; Described axial compression piston ring is placed on the sample, and its external diameter equates with the internal diameter of pressure chamber's cylinder body; Described axial compression loads capsule between axial compression piston ring and upper cover plate, the described equilibrium pressure piston ring that is positioned at the lower cover of experimental machine framework is fixed together by equilibrium pressure transmission rod and axial compression piston ring, its below also is provided with an equilibrium pressure and loads capsule, and this capsule is positioned at the lower cover of experimental machine framework; Described three pressue devices are communicated with axial compression loading capsule respectively, equilibrium pressure loads liquid or gas in capsule and the confined pressure pressure chamber.
Described pressure chamber cylinder body is organic glass tube or steel cylinder.
Described pressue device can be gas cylinder or servo Loading Control System.Fill the liquid oils medium in the described servo Loading Control System, and be connected with the loading capsule through a pressure hose, be provided with hydraulic piston in the described steel pipe by a steel pipe.
Described axial compression loads capsule and adopts the highly pressurised liquid capsule, and its top also is provided with an airtight gas-liquid container.
Adopt the highly pressurised liquid capsule can realize that axial flexibility loads, because the static fluid internal pressure equates that everywhere the power that therefore acts on the specimen surface is uniformly, can realize the equal stress boundary condition.Like this, if in fragmented rock body or the soil-rock mixture sample characteristics such as certain unevenness and noncontinuity are arranged, will cause on the specimen surface displacement of each point unequal, so just can study distortion and failure law non-homogeneous, discontinuous medium better from the angle of even loading.
The pressure that loads liquid can be realized by airtight gas-liquid container is pressurizeed, because gas for a constant volume, the volume change that solid deformation causes can be ignored the pressure variable effect of gas, so just can guarantee that the pressure of sample in the deformation and failure process remains unchanged.
If in the deformation failure process of measuring sample, pressure transmitting medium in the capsule in the loading system of axial elasticity border all adopts liquid, air inclusion not, so, sample deform and destructive process in, the compression deformation of liquid pressure transmitting medium is compared and can be ignored with the distortion of sample, and axial compression will descend, thereby can note the overall process that sample deforms and destroys.
Applying of confined pressure is identical with common new triaxial test equipment, and promptly confined pressure adopts liquid or gas as pressure transmitting medium, and keeping confined pressure is that a certain constant is tested.
Advantage of the present utility model is: a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine of the present utility model, owing to adopted two capsules that are filled with liquid or gas that are communicated with pressue device, outside pressue device is exerted pressure to sample by capsule, the stress that guarantees every bit on the sample upper surface all equates, realized that flexible shaft is to loading, be the equal stress boundary condition, when carrying out the compression test of fragmented rock body or soil-rock mixture, just can reflect the objective reality situation well like this.
The purpose of this utility model, feature and advantage will be illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by preferred embodiment.
The drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the common triaxial compression test machine of prior art
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of an embodiment of the utility model flexible boundary loading experiment machine
Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another embodiment of the utility model flexible boundary loading experiment machine
Fig. 4 is the utility model flexible boundary loading experiment machine main part pictorial diagram
Accompanying drawing indicates
Experimental machine framework 1 upper cover plate 2 pressure chamber's cylinder bodies 3
Axial compression piston ring 4 columns 5 equilibrium pressure piston rings 6
Equilibrium pressure loads 8 axial compressions of capsule 7 equilibrium pressure transmission rods and loads capsule 9
Ultrasonic displacement measurement mechanism 10 lower covers 11 samples 12
Axial compression pressue device 16 confined pressure pressue devices 17 equilibrium pressure pressue devices 18
Confined pressure pressure chamber 19 latex films, 20 gas-liquid containers 21
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, will be described in detail specific embodiments of the present utility model.
Embodiment 1
Make a flexible boundary loading experiment machine that adopts gas cylinder to pressurize, as shown in Figure 2, this experimental machine comprises experimental machine framework 1 and pressure chamber's cylinder body 3, cylinder body 3 sealings in pressure chamber's are between the upper cover plate 2 and lower cover 11 of experimental machine framework 1, when the axle pressure that is applied and confined pressure were smaller, pressure chamber's cylinder body 3 adopted the organic glass tubes, when the axle pressure that is applied and confined pressure are bigger, pressure chamber's cylinder body 3 adopts steel cylinder, and what adopt in the present embodiment is steel cylinder; The upper cover plate 2 of experimental machine framework 1 and lower cover 11 fixedly form by the column 5 of four steels; Ultrasonic displacement measurement mechanism 10 adopts ultrasonic sensor, be built in the lower surface place of upper cover plate 2, axial pressure piston ring 4 is a steel loop, be sleeved in pressure chamber's cylinder body 3, the inner circular part branch of its lower surface is placed on the excircle part of sample 12 upper surfaces, its lateral wall contacts with pressure chamber's cylinder body 3 inner wall sealings, places an axial compression and load capsule 9 in the space that upper surface, pressure chamber's cylinder body 3 inwalls and the upper cover plate 2 of axial compression piston ring 4 and sample 12 surrounds; Equilibrium pressure piston ring 6 is fixed together by equilibrium pressure transmission rod 8 and axial pressure piston ring 4; Equilibrium pressure piston ring 6 is positioned at the lower cover 11 of experimental machine framework 1, and its below also is provided with an equilibrium pressure and loads capsule 7, and this equilibrium pressure loads the lower cover 11 that capsule 7 also is positioned at experimental machine framework 1; Form confined pressure pressure chamber 19 between pressure chamber's cylinder body 3 and the sample 12, full of liquid wherein, lateral surface parcel one deck latex film 20 of sample 12.
In this example, three pressue devices all adopt gas cylinder; 17 pairs of confined pressure pressure chambers 19 exert pressure by gas cylinder, axle pressure is utilized gas cylinder 16 to exert pressure by 21 pairs of axial compressions loadings of gas-liquid container capsule 9 and is realized, axial compression loads lower surface, pressure chamber's cylinder body 3 inwalls, the upper surface of axial compression piston ring 4 and the upper surface of sample 12 that capsule 9 is close to experimental machine framework upper cover plate 2, in applying the process of axial compression, axial compression piston ring 4 just moves with sample 12 upper surfaces; Exert pressure and promote equilibrium pressure piston ring 6 and move upward and load capsule 7, and power is passed on the axial compression piston ring 4 by equilibrium pressure transmission rod 8 by the 18 pairs of equilibrium pressure of gas cylinder.
Owing to axially load and adopted flexible loading, axial pressure liquid has flowable, therefore, must axial compression pressure chamber and confined pressure pressure chamber be separated with the thing of rigidity, we adopt an axial compression piston ring 4 in the design, the outside sub-fraction of this ring internal diameter is pressed on the outward flange of sample upper surface, thereby the pressure chamber of axial compression and confined pressure is separated.
Because axle pressure is greater than confined pressure, act on stress on the outward flange of sample upper surface greater than the stress that acts on sample upper surface center section, therefore, must there be a pressure balancing system to balance out the part that axle pressure acts on power on the axial pressure piston ring, makes the stress on the outward flange act on the sample upper surface equal to act on the pressure of sample upper surface center section.We have designed such equilibrium pressure loading system, and load capsule, equilibrium pressure piston ring and equilibrium pressure transmission rod by equilibrium pressure, balance out axle pressure and act on part power on the axial pressure piston ring.Suppose that axial compression is P
z, confined pressure is P
w, equilibrium pressure is P
pAxial pressure piston ring area is S with the difference that is pressed in the area that encircles on the sample
Zh, the area of equilibrium pressure piston ring is S
Ph, the area of equilibrium pressure transmission rod is S
g, in order to make the stress on the outward flange act on the sample upper surface equal to act on the pressure of sample upper surface center section, must meet the following conditions:
P
p*S
ph-P
w(S
ph-S
g)+P
w(S
zh-S
g)＝P
z*S
zh
Perhaps write as
At S
PhWith S
ZhUnder certain condition, axial compression P
z, confined pressure P
w, with equilibrium pressure P
pBetween relational expression above satisfying, the stress of every bit on the sample upper surface is all equated, in the process of testing, confined pressure P
wBe a certain constant value, S
PhWith S
ZhAlso be changeless.Therefore, along with axial compression P
zIncrease, equilibrium pressure P
pIncrease according to top relational expression, just can satisfy necessary pressure equilibrium condition, thereby measure the mechanics parameter of sample.
Make the flexible boundary loading experiment machine that another adopts servo Loading Control System pressurization, as shown in Figure 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, this experimental machine substitutes three gas cylinders with the servo Loading Control System 18 of the servo Loading Control System 16 of an axial compression, the servo Loading Control System 17 of a confined pressure and an equilibrium pressure, above-mentioned three servo Loading Control System are positioned at the outside of flexible boundary loading experiment machine frame main body, and are connected with capsule by steel pipe and pressure hose; One hydraulic piston is arranged in the steel pipe.Wherein, axial compression servo loading system 16 is exerted pressure to hydraulic piston by the liquid oils medium, and this pressure will load capsule 9 by axial compression and be delivered on the upper surface of sample 12, thereby realizes the axial loading to the sample upper surface; Confined pressure servo loading system 17 is exerted pressure to hydraulic piston by the liquid oils medium, and this pressure will be delivered on the side surface of sample by the pressure transmitting medium in the confined pressure pressure chamber 19, thereby realizes sample is applied confined pressure; Equilibrium pressure servo loading system 18 is exerted pressure to hydraulic piston by the liquid oils medium, this pressure will load capsule 7 by equilibrium pressure and be delivered on the equilibrium pressure piston ring 6, by equilibrium pressure transmission rod 8 power is delivered on the axial compression piston ring 4 again, thereby can realizes axial compression P
z, confined pressure P
w, with equilibrium pressure P
pBetween mutual coordination, and satisfy list above they between the balance coordination relational expression.
In the present embodiment, axial compression loads capsule 9 and uses the highly pressurised liquid capsule instead, and its top also can be provided with an airtight gas-liquid container.
Principle to this device is further explained below:
(1) the servo Loading Control System 16 of axial compression, this is that the flexible boundary loading tester is realized the flexible key component that loads, it loads sample by the axial pressure liquid that axial compression loads in the capsule 9, because the fluid internal pressure equates everywhere, therefore the power that acts on the specimen surface is evenly to equate, but the displacement of each point can be unequal on the specimen surface.As required, both can realize that equal stress loaded, and also can realize waiting displacement to load.
(2) the servo Loading Control System 17 of confined pressure, the function that this part realized is identical with common triaxial test machine, promptly by gas or liquid in the confined pressure loading capsule 19, to applying a certain changeless confined pressure around the sample.
(3) the servo Loading Control System of equalized pressure, this a part of control system are not have on the common triaxial test machine.
(4) ultrasonic displacement measurement mechanism.On common triaxial test machine, because the loading of sample upper surface is a rigidity, be displacement boundary conditions, therefore, the displacement of every bit all is the same, the axial displacement of sample is measured fairly simple.And on our flexible boundary loading tester, the loading of sample upper surface is flexible, be stress boundary condition, the displacement of every bit all may be different, need measure the Displacements Distribution of upper surface, in design, we have adopted hyperacoustic method to come Displacement Measurement, its ultimate principle is exactly, and the velocity of propagation of ripple in certain medium (for example water) equate, can calculate distance by the mistiming of sending with received signal.Because hyperacoustic wavelength is very short, so the measuring accuracy of distance is than higher, and audiogage has been widely used in every field at present.On the flexible boundary loading tester, ultrasonic sensor is disposed on the testing machine framework upper cover plate lower surface of sample top, in the process of test, water layer thickness between ultrasonic sensor and the sample constantly changes (increase), ultrasonic sensor just can be measured the change procedure of this thickness, and this variation in thickness is exactly the variable quantity of displacement.For rock mass or soil-rock mixture, because certain unevenness and noncontinuity are arranged, the change in displacement of each point is inequality, arranges a plurality of ultrasonic sensors, just can measure the distribution that the difference top offset changes, make the mechanics parameter of measuring more realistic.
Relatively the utility model and common prior art can be found out from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, and be gentle The property border loading experiment machine and common triaxial compression test machine the most essential difference be exactly axially to load. Common three axial compressions The axial loading of contracting experimental machine is rigidity, is the displacement boundary loading environment, and the axle of flexible boundary loading experiment machine Be flexible to loading, be stress boundary condition; The result shows that the utility model flexible boundary loading experiment machine is adopted With flexible shaft to loading, i.e. stress boundary condition, when carrying out the compression test of fragmented rock body or soil-rock mixture, Can reflect well the objective reality situation.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine, comprise: experimental machine framework (1), three are positioned at the outer pressue device (16 of experimental machine framework (1), 17,18) and pressure chamber's cylinder body (3), the upper cover plate (2) and the lower cover (11) of described experimental machine framework (1) fixedly form by the column more than at least three (5), be installed in the central authorities of upper cover plate (2) and lower cover (11) with the contour pressure chamber's cylinder body (3) of column (5), it is characterized in that: the ultrasonic displacement measurement mechanism (10) that also comprises the lower surface place that at least one is fixed on upper cover plate (2), be sealed with the loading capsule (7 that the latex film of liquid or gas is made, 9), two piston rings (4,6) and equilibrium pressure transmission rod (8); Wherein, the sample (12) that the side is enclosed with latex film (20) is positioned at pressure chamber's cylinder body (3), forms a confined pressure pressure chamber (19), this interior full of liquid in confined pressure pressure chamber (19) or gas between its side and pressure chamber's cylinder body (3) inwall; Described axial compression piston ring (4) is placed on the sample (12), and its external diameter equates with the internal diameter of pressure chamber's cylinder body (3); Described axial compression loads capsule (9) and is positioned between axial compression piston ring (4) and the upper cover plate (2), the described equilibrium pressure piston ring (6) that is positioned at the lower cover (11) of experimental machine framework (1) is fixed together by equilibrium pressure transmission rod (8) and axial compression piston ring (4), its below also is provided with an equilibrium pressure and loads capsule (7), and this capsule is positioned at the lower cover (11) of experimental machine framework (1); Described three pressue devices (16,17,18) are communicated with axial compression loading capsule (9) respectively, equilibrium pressure loads liquid or gas in capsule (7) and confined pressure pressure chamber (19).
2, by the described a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pressure chamber cylinder body (3) is organic glass tube or steel cylinder.
3, by the described a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pressue device (16,17,18) is all gas cylinder or servo Loading Control System.
4, by the described a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described axial compression loads capsule (9) and adopts the highly pressurised liquid capsule.
5, by the described a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine of claim 3, it is characterized in that: fill the liquid oils medium in the described servo Loading Control System, and by a steel pipe through a pressure hose with load capsule (7,9) and be connected, be provided with hydraulic piston in the described steel pipe.
6, by the described a kind of flexible boundary loading experiment machine of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the top that described axial compression loads capsule (9) also is provided with an airtight gas-liquid container (21).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03272866 CN2636222Y (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2003-07-14 | Flexible boundary loading experiment machine for broken rock and soil compressing experiment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03272866 CN2636222Y (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2003-07-14 | Flexible boundary loading experiment machine for broken rock and soil compressing experiment |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2636222Y true CN2636222Y (en) | 2004-08-25 |
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| CN 03272866 Expired - Lifetime CN2636222Y (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2003-07-14 | Flexible boundary loading experiment machine for broken rock and soil compressing experiment |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101813587A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-08-25 | 长春市华宇试验机有限公司 | Manifold rock mass simulation test detection equipment |
| CN101226184B (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2011-05-04 | 重庆大学 | Terrane stress simulation clamping device |
| CN102507336A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-20 | 北京交通大学 | Rotatable power and liquid supply ground triaxial testing machine |
| CN103234891A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Low-permeability coal high-pressure gas cycle pulse fracturing anti-reflection experimental method |
| CN103234809A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-07 | 大连理工大学 | Flexible press head for loading stress on heterogeneous rock, soil medium and the like |
| CN103234890A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Low-permeability coal high-pressure gas cycle pulse fracturing anti-reflection experimental device |
| CN103926147A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-16 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Flexible boundary load test device |
| CN105388054A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Preparation device and preparation method of dynamic geology-based simulated rock core |
| CN105445095A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-03-30 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Bearing frame for simulating stress state of deep rock mass |
-
2003
- 2003-07-14 CN CN 03272866 patent/CN2636222Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101226184B (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2011-05-04 | 重庆大学 | Terrane stress simulation clamping device |
| CN101813587A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-08-25 | 长春市华宇试验机有限公司 | Manifold rock mass simulation test detection equipment |
| CN102507336A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-20 | 北京交通大学 | Rotatable power and liquid supply ground triaxial testing machine |
| CN102507336B (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-07-31 | 北京交通大学 | Rotatable power and liquid supply ground triaxial testing machine |
| CN103234809A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-07 | 大连理工大学 | Flexible press head for loading stress on heterogeneous rock, soil medium and the like |
| CN103234891A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Low-permeability coal high-pressure gas cycle pulse fracturing anti-reflection experimental method |
| CN103234890A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Low-permeability coal high-pressure gas cycle pulse fracturing anti-reflection experimental device |
| CN103926147A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-16 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Flexible boundary load test device |
| CN103926147B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-12-12 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | A kind of flexible boundary load testing machine |
| CN105388054A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Preparation device and preparation method of dynamic geology-based simulated rock core |
| CN105388054B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-04-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of preparation facilities and method of the emulation rock core based on dynamic geology |
| CN105445095A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-03-30 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Bearing frame for simulating stress state of deep rock mass |
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Effective date of abandoning: 20051123 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
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| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |