CN108426788A - Rock direct shearing test test specimen, piece fixture and its shearing test method - Google Patents
Rock direct shearing test test specimen, piece fixture and its shearing test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108426788A CN108426788A CN201810322300.XA CN201810322300A CN108426788A CN 108426788 A CN108426788 A CN 108426788A CN 201810322300 A CN201810322300 A CN 201810322300A CN 108426788 A CN108426788 A CN 108426788A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004826 seaming Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013142 basic testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
Abstract
Rock direct shearing test test specimen, piece fixture and its shearing test method, belong to rock mechanics technical field of measurement and test.The test specimen can be directly used for three-axis tester, including cuboid ontology, left part is provided with the first grooving on the downside of ontology, first grooving extends to body interior in the horizontal direction from avris, it further include the second grooving, first grooving and the second grooving are centrosymmetric distribution centered on body central, and grooving length is identical as avris length of cuboid ontology where it, and notch width is no longer than the half of the bottom surface length of side.It is simple and light, the direct shear test of rock can be carried out in the three-axis force experimental machine that can only be compressed, abundant three-axis force experimental machine experimental use, the confining pressure load provided by confining pressure oil sources provides surface of test piece compression, distribution of the compressive stress is more uniform than the axial load load that traditional direct shear test is selected, Uniformity of Stress is improved, High temperature rocks direct shear test can be subsequently carried out, is suitable for carrying out rock direct shear test research.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mechanics technical field of measurement and test, and it is straight to be related to a kind of rock can be used in ordinary triaxial test machine
Scissor test test specimen, piece fixture, the presser unit of rock shearing experiment and the shearing test method based on the test specimen.
Background technology
Failure by shear is the breakoff phenomenon for making shear surface both sides rock mass that the changing of the relative positions or expansion etc. occur caused by shear stress, is
One of the major way of the main unstable failure of engineering rock mass.Under shear loads, the maximum that rock resists failure by shear is cut
Stress is known as the shearing strength of rock.The shearing strength of rock represents rock and resists failure by shear and the ability of sliding, therefore
The shearing strength of study of rocks has great research significance.The method of study of rocks shearing strength is divided into indoor and scene at present
Two major classes are tested, and wherein laboratory test generally use direct shear test, wedge shape shearing experiment, triaxial shear test etc. measure rock
The shearing strength of stone, and field test is mainly based on direct shear test.
Traditional rock direct shear test mainly uses flat stacking to carry out.Used test apparatus is direct shearing
Instrument is mainly made of upper and lower two rigid cases.The size of test specimen planar is defined as 150cm*15cm~30cm*
30cm, and the thickness of rock respectively may be about 1/2 of cross dimensions or so above and below regulation shear surface, be generally available 5cm*5cm sizes
's.It when preparing test specimen, needs to be cut into groove-like along test specimen surrounding, the test specimen prepared is put into boxshear apparatus
Between upper and lower casket, the changing of the relative positions face of upper and lower casket is exactly the shear surface of rock.Direct shear test is by test specimen in selected plane
Inside sheared.Every time when experiment, first apply vertical load P on test specimen, then gradual application level is cut in the horizontal direction
Shear force T is destroyed when until reaching maximum of T max, to calculate the shear strength of rock sample.Traditional rock is straight
It is simple to connect shearing test step, it is easily operated, subsidiary is carried out without other special installations, in addition to rock entirety can be measured
Outside shearing strength and weak structural face intensity, the shear strength between different rocks can also be measured.However, traditional direct shearing
Test method needs to have the specific shearing equipment that can provide both direction loading force, and cost is high, has a single function.Wedge shape shearing is surveyed
Examination technology can also realize that rock shear strength is tested, but when the use test method, surface of test piece positive pressure and tangential thrust
Equal proportion increases, and can not obtain the rock shearing destruction (i.e. shearing stress-displacement curve of sample) under some positive pressure.
Triaxial pressure machine is the basic test equipment for testing rock failure mechanism of rock behavior and intensity, is made extensively at home at present
With；Test rock shear strength is opened using triaxial pressure machine and failure by shear behavior is very universal, but the prior art can not test
Rock shear strength under specific positive pressure can not also obtain the relationship between rock shearing stress and shear displacemant；Especially
For transverse isotropy rock, traditional technology for carrying out rock shear strength test using triaxial pressure machine is difficult to determine standard
True shear breakage can not calculate the cohesive strength and internal friction angle of the rocks, be unfavorable for carrying out transverse isotropy rock
Shear strength test.Further, since triaxial pressure machine can not provide the shearing of direct shear test, therefore, it is difficult to directly existing skill
The test specimen of art is placed on the direct shear test that rock is carried out on traditional three-axis tester.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a kind of sillar staight scissors test specimen can be used in ordinary triaxial test machine, piece fixture, rock shearing examinations
The presser unit tested and the test method based on above-mentioned parts, so as to combine rock normal triaxial mechanics machine to carry out
Rock shear strength and shearing performance testing, and shearing stress-shear displacemant curve is drawn, it is additional to promote rock triaxial pressure machine
Value increases a kind of new method for rock shearing measuring technology.In addition, in conjunction with the novel measurement means such as loaded type CT scan, it can profit
Generation, extension and the perforation process of shear plate of test specimen macroscopic view and microfissure during staight scissors are further explored with this method, and
High temperature rocks direct shear test can be carried out in conjunction with three-axis tester confining pressure oil heating function, ground for rock shearing destruction science
Offer new way is provided.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in order to fill up the deficiency of existing rock shearing measuring technology, provide one kind
Rock direct shear test test specimen, piece fixture, the presser unit of rock shearing experiment and the shearing test method based on above-mentioned parts,
The test specimen can be directly used for ordinary triaxial test and carry out direct shear test, takes full advantage of the function of traditional experiment machine, improves
Its added value, and provide new way to explore rock shearing destruction.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：Rock direct shear test test specimen, the test specimen can be straight
It connects and is used for three-axis tester, including cuboid ontology, left part is provided with the first grooving on the downside of ontology, and the first grooving is from avris along water
Square extend to body interior, further include the second grooving, the first grooving and the second grooving are in center centered on body central
Symmetrical, grooving length is identical as the avris length of cuboid ontology where it, and notch width is no longer than the one of the bottom surface length of side
Half.
Specifically, a height of H of ontology, the bottom surface length of side is respectively A, B, and H >=A >=B, grooving thickness is D, D ＜ 0.04A.
The present invention solves another technical solution used by its technical problem：Rock direct shear test piece fixture, including
Left semicircle cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component, two semi-cylindrical components are detachably arranged relatively, left semicircle cylindrical component
The accommodating cavity for placing rock direct shear test test specimen is provided between right semi-circle cylindrical component, the cross section of accommodating cavity is six
Side shape, accommodating cavity run through jig main body bottom surface and top surface.
Further, further include pressure drop reducing structure, pressure drop reducing structure is respectively arranged at test specimen and left semicircle cylindrical component and right half cylinder
Between shape component, material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Specifically, being arranged fluted on the side plane of left semicircle cylindrical component, the side plane of right semi-circle cylindrical component is set
It is equipped with the protrusion with groove match, is fastened togather left and right semi-cylindrical component by groove and protrusion；Except accommodating cavity portion
Position is outer, and the spacing of left semicircle cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component is 0.5~2mm, and accommodating cavity position is where accommodating cavity
Position.
Specifically, left semicircle cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component, which are formed by cylindrical element ratio, is less than test specimen low 1
~2mm.
The present invention solves another technical solution used by its technical problem：The presser unit of rock shearing experiment,
It being characterized in that, including seaming chuck, push-down head and such as above-mentioned rock direct shear test piece fixture, the outer diameter of three is consistent, on
Pressure head and push-down head are respectively cylinder component.
Further, at the top of piece fixture stalloy is provided between non-test specimen position and seaming chuck.
Specifically, piece fixture is rigid steel material.
The present invention solves another technical solution used by its technical problem：Rock shearing test method, based on above-mentioned
Component includes the following steps：
A. sample dimensions are recorded, upper pressure drop reducing structure is pasted in the opposite confining pressure compression face both sides of test specimen, put it into fixture appearance
It sets in chamber, and respectively fits to two pressure drop reducing structure other sides on the inside of fixture；
B. fixture and test specimen are placed on push-down head, and are directed at the axis of test specimen and push-down head, then gently by seaming chuck
It is positioned over above test specimen, the axis of test specimen and seaming chuck is aligned, then add steel disc on the outside of seaming chuck and test specimen gap, it is complete
At the making of presser unit；
C. it is from top to bottom inserted in using heat shrinkage film to the entire presser unit of covering, heating blow heat shrinkage film to heat shrinkage film and pressure
The surface of head unit is bonded；
D. the presser unit for being fitted with heat shrinkage film is integrally positioned on three-axis tester, falls machine pressure head, make its with
After there is gentle touchdown on presser unit seaming chuck surface, three axis cabins are fallen, it is oil-filled to the progress of three axis cylinders, first add confining pressure, then add axis pressure
Until destroying, peak value axial direction pressure size P when record test specimen destroyscr；
E. it is based on peak value axial direction pressure size PcrAnd sample dimensions, shear strength τ=P of surveyed rock is calculatedcr/
(B×H0), wherein B is the width of test specimen bottom surface, H0For the spacing of two groovings.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Simple and light, compact is convenient for mass production processing and fabricating, Neng Gou
The direct shear test for carrying out rock in the three-axis force experimental machine that can only be compressed, enriches three-axis force experimental machine experimental use,
The confining pressure load provided by confining pressure oil sources provides surface of test piece compression, and distribution of the compressive stress is than the axis that traditional direct shear test is selected
Loaded to load it is more uniform, can preferably solve test specimen in conventional rock direct shearing test by the face of cutting stress distribution not
, the problem of applying that horizontal force direction precision prescribed is higher, being also easy to produce error.The present invention is suitable for utilizing rock triaxial pressure machine
Carry out rock direct shear test.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of rock direct shear test test specimen in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is structural schematic diagram when rock direct shear test test specimen is pressurized in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the left view of rock direct shear test test specimen in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the front view of rock direct shear test test specimen in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of rock direct shear test piece fixture in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of rock direct shear test piece fixture in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram for carrying out laboratory test in the present invention using rock direct shear test test specimen and fixture；
Wherein, 1 is presser unit, and 2 be cuboid ontology, and 3 be the first grooving, and 4 be the second grooving, and 5 be pressure drop reducing structure, and 6 are
Left semicircle cylindrical component, 7 be right semi-circle cylindrical component, and 8 be seaming chuck, and 9 be push-down head, and 10 be foil gauge, and 11 be fixture.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, detailed description of the present invention technical solution.
Rock direct shear test test specimen as shown in figures 1-4, can be directly used for three-axis tester, including cuboid ontology
2, the bottom surface of cuboid ontology is rectangle, can be square in special circumstances, is so selected to ensure and upper push-down head
It can fit closely.If bottom surface is rectangle, the bottom surface length of side is respectively A, B, A >=B；Based on each harmony and test specimen to power
Considered using popularity, the cuboid ontology that preferably bottom surface is square, square length of side A, 25mm≤A≤50mm；Ontology is high
Degree is H, H >=A, preferably 25mm≤H≤200mm.
Left part is provided with the first grooving 3 on the downside of ontology, and the first grooving 3 extends to body interior in the horizontal direction from avris,
Extended spot penetrates through ontology, and the first grooving 3 trend is parallel with the top surface of ontology, further includes the second grooving 4, the first grooving 3 and the
Two groovings 4 are centrosymmetric distribution centered on body central, the avris length B phases of grooving length and cuboid ontology where it
Together, i.e. grooving length must pass through test specimen, as shown, grooving length be B, notch width, that is, grooving from avris in the horizontal direction
The distance extended to body interior is notch width, and notch width is no longer than the half of the bottom surface length of side.The value model of grooving thickness D
Enclose for D ＜ 0.04A, wherein it is preferred that D=1~2mm, if grooving setting is blocked up, can during rock staight scissors also by
Other power, influences experimental result；Its width of grooving is preferably A/2, and vertical range of first grooving apart from ground is H1,
0.25H≤H1≤ 0.4H, in order to improve stress equilibrium.Two notch configuration sizes are all identical, are so designed with conducive to making
The effect for obtaining the uniform grooving of shearing that test specimen is subject to is that the axle power applied above machine is converted into shear test specimen, shape
Preferably rectangle, in order to calculate shearing, if other shapes and trend, the axle power that one side machine applies cannot be complete
Shearing size complete to be converted into shearing, that on the other hand also bad calculating sample receives.So design test specimen is in order to which test specimen is straight
The phenomenon that connecing and carry out direct shear test for ordinary triaxial test, improving discontinuity in traditional direct shear test.
The production method of above-mentioned test specimen is：Core or the sillar cutting chosen from scene are machined to omit than required size
The cuboid ontology of big test specimen is pressed the upper and lower ends face of cuboid ontology with grinding machine《Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses》In
Rock compressed experiment test specimen end face requirement on machining accuracy be processed, the folder in two faces of test specimen arbitrary neighborhood after processing is completed
Angular region should be controlled at 90 ° ± 0.5 °, and the size of ontology any position should enough uniformly, and ontology deviation is no more than 0.2mm；So
It is cut into grooving in the both sides of test specimen with skive afterwards, grooving surface gradually polishes, and ultimately forms the examination that the present invention needs
Part.Specifically, by the bottom surface length of side be respectively A, B by the test specimen, the cuboid ontology processing of a height of H, in cuboid sheet
H at the top of distance on the left of body1Place's setting one is parallel to top surface through the first grooving that test specimen inner thickness is D, the first grooving trend,
Length is the half of the bottom surface length of side, apart from bottom H on the right side of cuboid ontology1Place's equally setting one runs through second inside test specimen
Grooving, the length of the second grooving, identical, one centrosymmetric structure of entire test specimen formation of width and thickness and the first grooving.
Traditional direct shear test often will appear in compression is cut face unbalanced stress phenomenon, which applies mainly due to test specimen
Often using point power P as axially loaded when adding vertical load, and due to fixture and pressure during power is loaded as face power
The phenomenon that rigidity of head not enough often will produce unbalanced stress, influences experimental result.And this can be overcome using following fixture
One problem.
As shown in Fig. 5~6, the fixture for rock direct shear test test specimen to be clamped, including left semicircle cylindrical component 6 and right half
Cylindrical element 7, two semi-cylindrical components are detachably arranged relatively, if the side plane of left semicircle cylindrical component 6 is equipped with groove,
The side in the side plane of left semicircle cylindrical component 6 i.e. its face being in contact with right semi-circle cylindrical component, right semi-circle cylindrical component is flat
Face is provided with the protrusion with groove match, is fastened togather left and right semi-cylindrical component by groove and protrusion, in addition
It other may be used opens and unload fixed form and be detachably connected left semicircle cylindrical component 6 and right semi-circle cylindrical component 7.Left semicircle
The accommodating cavity for placing rock direct shear test test specimen, the cross of accommodating cavity are provided between cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component
Section is hexagon, and accommodating cavity runs through jig main body bottom surface and top surface.In order to improve uniform force, advantageous cross sections are just
Hexagon.Why it is designed as hexagon, is because the face of left and right two for the hexagonal prisms that hexagon is formed can be with test specimen or so
Two faces fit closely, and in this way when three-axis tester applies confining pressure, what can be fitted closely by the two faces examination
Part applies uniform axle power, and remaining four faces intermediate can have some gaps, inside loads onto foil gauge measurement sample and is loading
Change in displacement situation in the process.If using square, foil gauge (strain can be expressed to during confining pressure compresses
Piece is not compression member, had better not be under pressure)；If using rectangle, in free face during applying confining pressure
Centre will produce bending moment, and stress is with regard to uneven；If using round, it can not give and apply pressure at left and right sides of test specimen.Except accommodating
Cavity portion position is outer, and the spacing of left semicircle cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component is 0.5~2mm, and accommodating cavity position is accommodating cavity institute
Position, in addition it is also possible to be not provided with spacing at engagement site, position that engagement site is engaged by groove and protrusion.
Because when three-axis tester applies confining pressure, left and right semi-cylindrical component can further be leaned on to centre by the power of confining pressure
Hold together, be arranged certain spacing can to avoid by no gap between two semi-cylindrical components when confining pressure cause test specimen by
Pressure it is less than normal, cause experimental error.
Consider service life, and relevant pressure can be carried, and pressure is uniformly applied on test specimen, preferably left half cylinder
Shape component and right semi-circle cylindrical component are rigid steel material, and entire body is constituted using high-strength solid steel.
In addition, fixture 11 further includes the pressure drop reducing structure 5 of two block length cube shapes, pressure drop reducing structure is respectively arranged at test specimen 1 and left semicircle
Between cylindrical component 6 and right semi-circle cylindrical component 7, pressure drop reducing structure thickness is not answered blocked up, and size should be slightly bigger than test specimen, to reduce
The frictional force that confining pressure is subject to during application confining pressure.Considered based on of low cost and effect, preferably its material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
And in traditional rock direct shear test and pressure drop reducing structure is not used in the prior art.
Illustrate the specific manufacturing process of the fixture with following embodiment, it is as follows：Solid cylinder is cast using steel, cylinder is high
Degree should be slightly below 1~2mm of height of specimen, solid cylinder is cut into two semicircle cylinders along half radial direction, each half is round later
Column is parallel to the thin slice that diametric(al) cuts certain thickness such as 0.5mm, by one of semicircle cylinder in the relatively upper region of vertical view
And relatively under the symmetrical strip notch for cutting a 4mm length and splice on another semicircle cylinder corresponding position, then exist
The centre of two semicircle cylinders cuts out a hexagonal indentations, which is required to accommodate pressure drop reducing structure and test specimen just.
Similarly, the presser unit tested using following rock shearings can also overcome by the disadvantage for cutting face stress distribution unevenness.
That entire presser unit is placed on the case where being used on three-axis tester as shown in Figure 7, presser unit include seaming chuck 8, under
Pressure head 9 and above-mentioned rock direct shear test piece fixture, the radius of three components is consistent, and radius size is without strict regulations, as long as folder
Tool outer diameter is adapted with triaxial compressions room, you can be entirely enclosed in triaxial compressions room, preferably radius is 120mm.Upper pressure
Head is a cylindrical element, and shape is more flat, height smaller such as 20mm~60mm, preferably 20mm, to minimize dead weight pair
The influence of rock sample, push-down head are also with cylindrical element, and highly without particular/special requirement, upper pressure should be not less than by pushing grease head highness
The height of head, preferably upper and lower fall head are identical.It is provided between non-test specimen position and seaming chuck at the top of piece fixture
Stalloy, to block up oil during specific experiment and to support heat shrinkage film.
Rock shearing test method is carried out based on above-mentioned component, is included the following steps：
(1) it samples and is processed so that it can meet required sample dimensions requirement, and record examination on the spot from scene
Part size；
(2) upper pressure drop reducing structure is pasted in the opposite confining pressure compression face both sides of test specimen, in order to be surveyed in failure by shear
Other multiple parameters are measured, foil gauge 10 can not be connected with by the both sides of direct force, for monitoring test specimen, test specimen is put into folder
Have in accommodating cavity, a little lubricating oil added at grooving mouth, respectively fits to two pressure drop reducing structure other sides on the inside of fixture,
With hand extrusion clamp, it is made to fit closely；
(3) fixture and test specimen are placed on push-down head, and are directed at the axis of test specimen and push-down head, then gently by seaming chuck
It is positioned over above test specimen, the axis of test specimen and push-down head is aligned, then the one circle steel of addition on the outside of seaming chuck and test specimen gap
Piece realizes the effect of follow-up stifled oil and support heat shrinkage film, completes the making of presser unit main body；
(4) it selects diameter to be slightly larger than the heat shrinkage film of upper and lower pressure head diameter, is inserted in from top to down to the entire presser unit of covering
Heat shrinkage film hair-dryer is adjusted to certain temperature by main body, and heating blow heat shrinkage film to heat shrinkage film is bonded with presser unit surface；
(5) presser unit for being fitted with heat shrinkage film is integrally positioned on three-axis tester, falls machine pressure head, make its with
After there is gentle touchdown on presser unit seaming chuck surface, three axis cabins are fallen, it is oil-filled to the progress of three axis cylinders, machine loading procedure is carried out
Setting, sets loading speed and load mode, and first plus confining pressure, the follow-up axis straightening that adds extremely destroy.Experiment starts machine will be by
Automation load, peak value axial direction pressure size P when record test specimen destroys are carried out according to the load mode setcr；
(6) it is based on peak value axial direction pressure size PcrAnd sample dimensions, shear strength τ=P of surveyed rock is calculatedcr/
(B×H0), wherein B is the width of test specimen bottom surface, H0For the spacing between two groovings.
Embodiment
Rock shearing test method, includes the following steps：
(1) the silk screen subterranean laboratory diversion tunnel griotte core of selection buried depth 2400m, the aforementioned rock of processing cost application
Stone direct shear test test specimen, test specimen bottom surface are square, and its side length is 50mm, a height of 150mm is the distance on the left of test specimen when processing
34mm settings one are parallel to top surface, long 25mm, rectangular through the grooving that test specimen inner thickness is 1mm, grooving trend at top
Same setting one makes entire test specimen become through the grooving that test specimen inner thickness is 1mm at the 34mm of bottom on the right side of body test specimen
One centrosymmetric image, then the spacing H between two groovings0=80mm.
(2) it is 50mm to select radius 120mm diameters, intermediate hexagonal indentations, and the solid steel staight scissors of height 148mm press from both sides
Tool, the upper polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pressure drop reducing structure of left and right sides pad around test specimen, front and rear sides stick foil gauge with 502 glue, tree are used in combination
Fat further fixes.Test specimen is packed among fixture groove fixture later, a little lubricating oil is added at strip notch, is squeezed with hand
Steel clamps are pressed, it is made to fit closely.Fixture and test specimen are placed on push-down head, and are directed at the axis of test specimen and push-down head,
Seaming chuck is gently positioned over again above test specimen, the axis of test specimen and seaming chuck is aligned, then in seaming chuck and test specimen gap
Steel disc is added in outside, completes the making of presser unit.
(3) heat shrinkage film for selecting a diameter of 125mm diameters is inserted in from top to down to entire presser unit main body is covered, will
Heat shrinkage film hair-dryer is adjusted to 280 DEG C, and heating blow heat shrinkage film to heat shrinkage film is bonded with presser unit surface.
(4) testing machine used by this experiment is MTS815 Flex Test GT Rock Mechanics Test systems, test method
For：The device made is integrally positioned on three-axis tester, machine pressure head is fallen, it is made to have slightly with device seaming chuck surface
After contact, three axis cabins are fallen, three axis cylinders are carried out oil-filled.The load mode of machine is set：It is first loaded with the rate of 2MPa/min
Confining pressure is to 4MPa, and after confined pressure steady, with 20kN/min loading axis pressures, addition axis straightening is to destroying, peak when recording device destroys
It is worth axial compressive force size Pcr=124.03kN.
(5) be calculated test specimen in confining pressure 4MPa test specimen shearing strength be τ=124.03kN/ (80mm × 50mm)=
31.01MPa。
In order to improve result precision, it can repeatedly measure and average.
By speciality fixture, rock direct shear test test specimen, which is fixed in three-axis force experimental machine, can carry out experiment, base
In above-mentioned test specimen, fixture and presser unit, the straight of rock can carried out in the three-axis force experimental machine that can only be compressed
Scissor test, a kind of supplement as three-axis force experimental machine experimental use.The three-axis tester of the application is exactly conventional three axis
Mechanics machine is provided with novel measuring apparatus such as loaded type CT scan, such as MTS815 Flex Test GT
Rock Mechanics Test system.By the above analogy method, the shearing by exploring rock on conventional three-axis tester can be obtained
Strength characteristic makes full use of the function of rock triaxial test machine, and can be in conjunction with loaded type on rock normal triaxial mechanics machine
The novel measurement means such as CT scan, convenient for exploring generation, the extension of shear plate of test specimen macroscopic view and microfissure during staight scissors
With perforation process, the target that diversification measures is realized；It is loaded by confining pressure and surface of test piece compression is provided, can preferably solved
Test specimen is uneven by the stress distribution in the face of cutting in conventional rock direct shearing test, and it is higher to apply horizontal force direction precision prescribed, is also easy to produce
The problem of error.This method, can also be in other brittleness and quasi- brittleness material other than the shearing test that can be used for rock material
Material is (such as：Concrete, ceramics etc.) shear strength measure.
Claims (10)
1. rock direct shear test test specimen, which is characterized in that the test specimen can be directly used for three-axis tester, including cuboid sheet
Body, left part is provided with the first grooving on the downside of ontology, and the first grooving extends to body interior in the horizontal direction from avris, further includes the
Two groovings, the first grooving and the second grooving are centrosymmetric distribution centered on body central, grooving length and its where it is rectangular
The avris length of body ontology is identical, and notch width is no longer than the half of the bottom surface length of side.
2. test specimen as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that body height H, the bottom surface length of side are respectively A, B, H >=A >=B,
Grooving thickness is D, D ＜ 0.04A.
3. rock direct shear test piece fixture, which is characterized in that including left semicircle cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component, two
Semi-cylindrical component is detachably arranged relatively, is provided between left semicircle cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component for placing rock
The cross section of the accommodating cavity of stone direct shear test test specimen, accommodating cavity is hexagon, and accommodating cavity runs through jig main body bottom surface and top surface.
4. piece fixture as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that further include pressure drop reducing structure, pressure drop reducing structure is respectively arranged at test specimen
Between left semicircle cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component, material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
5. piece fixture as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that be provided on the side plane of left semicircle cylindrical component recessed
Slot, the side plane of right semi-circle cylindrical component are provided with the protrusion with groove match, by groove with raised by left and right semicircle
Cylindrical component is fastened togather；In addition to accommodating cavity position, the spacing of left semicircle cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component is 0.5~
2mm, accommodating cavity position are the position where accommodating cavity.
6. piece fixture as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that left semicircle cylindrical component and right semi-circle cylindrical component institute shape
At cylindrical element height be less than 1~2mm of test specimen.
7. the presser unit of rock shearing experiment, which is characterized in that including seaming chuck, push-down head and as appointed in claim 3~6
Rock direct shear test piece fixture described in one claim, the outer diameter of three is consistent, and seaming chuck and push-down head are respectively to justify
Column member.
8. presser unit as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that further include steel disc, the non-test specimen institute at the top of piece fixture
Stalloy is provided between position and seaming chuck.
9. presser unit as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that piece fixture is rigid steel material.
10. rock shearing test method, which is characterized in that based on the rock as described in any claim in claim 1~2
Direct shear test test specimen and the presser unit of the rock shearing experiment as described in any claim in claim 7~8, including with
Lower step：
A. sample dimensions are recorded, upper pressure drop reducing structure is pasted in the opposite confining pressure compression face both sides of test specimen, puts it into fixture accommodating cavity
In, and respectively fit to two pressure drop reducing structure other sides on the inside of fixture；
B. fixture and test specimen are placed on push-down head, and are directed at the axis of test specimen and push-down head, then seaming chuck is gently placed
Above test specimen, the axis of test specimen and seaming chuck is aligned, steel disc is then added on the outside of seaming chuck and test specimen gap, completes pressure
The making of head unit；
C. it is from top to bottom inserted in using heat shrinkage film to the entire presser unit of covering, heating blow heat shrinkage film to heat shrinkage film and pressure head list
The surface fitting of member；
D. the presser unit for being fitted with heat shrinkage film is integrally positioned on three-axis tester, falls machine pressure head, makes itself and pressure head
After there is gentle touchdown on unit seaming chuck surface, three axis cabins are fallen, it is oil-filled to the progress of three axis cylinders, first add confining pressure, then add axis straightening extremely
It destroys, peak value axial direction pressure size P when record test specimen destroyscr；
E. it is based on peak value axial direction pressure size PcrAnd sample dimensions, shear strength τ=P of surveyed rock is calculatedcr/(B×
H0), wherein B is the width of test specimen bottom surface, H0For the spacing between two groovings.
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| CN201810322300.XA CN108426788A (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Rock direct shearing test test specimen, piece fixture and its shearing test method |
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| CN112964574A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-15 | 四川大学 | Cylindrical core direct shear testing machine |
| CN113504131A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Test system and test method for testing II-type dynamic fracture toughness of rock under different normal stresses |
| CN114235582A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 东北大学 | True triaxial test method for simulating stress state of boundary rock excavated in underground engineering |
| CN114235582B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2024-04-16 | 东北大学 | True triaxial test method for simulating stress state of rock at excavation boundary of underground engineering |
| CN116380786A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-07-04 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | FRP-concrete bonding interface slip measurement method |
| CN116380786B (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-12-08 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | FRP-concrete bonding interface slip measurement method |
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