CN106644758B - Rock direct shear and point load test device and test operation method thereof - Google Patents
Rock direct shear and point load test device and test operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106644758B CN106644758B CN201611072138.8A CN201611072138A CN106644758B CN 106644758 B CN106644758 B CN 106644758B CN 201611072138 A CN201611072138 A CN 201611072138A CN 106644758 B CN106644758 B CN 106644758B
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock direct shear and point load test device, which comprises a loading counter-force frame, an axial loading system, a normal loading system, a shear test fixture and a point load test fixture, wherein the axial loading system is arranged on the loading counter-force frame; the device can carry out rock direct shear test and rock point load test, and discloses a rock direct shear and point load test operation method simultaneously. The invention has simple and practical structure and strong operability, and can adapt to rectangular, cylindrical and rock samples with different shapes and sizes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics testing instruments, and particularly relates to a rock direct shear and point load testing device and a testing operation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the development of large-scale infrastructure construction in China, problems related to rock mechanics in engineering have appeared in large numbers. The shear and compressive strength of rock is the most important mechanical index of rock, and in recent years, a method for testing the strength of rock by applying shear force or shear displacement is gaining attention worldwide. Among them, the direct shear test is most commonly used because of its simple operation and wide application range.
Because of no uniform direct shear test instrument manufacturing standard, the rock direct shear test instruments developed by each unit are greatly different from the form, the structure and the use method. From the retrieval of data, many direct shear apparatuses are available at home and abroad: for example, the LG-140 large-scale high-performance contact surface direct shear apparatus produced by Durham Geo corporation in America, the large-scale direct shear apparatus produced by ELE corporation in England, the servo control direct shear test system produced by GCTS corporation in America, the TH-20t large-scale soil and structure contact surface cyclic loading shear apparatus developed by Qinghua university, the indoor DHJ60 stacked ring type shear test machine developed by the institute of geography of the Yangtze river scientific research, the coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus developed by the institute of hydropower in Sichuan, and the NHRI-4000 high-performance large-contact surface direct shear apparatus developed by Nanjing soil instruments Limited.
However, the above-mentioned devices still have a number of disadvantages:
(1) The operation is complicated. For example, in a corner plate changing method shear test, a cubic sample with a specified size needs to be prepared, and different inclination angles need to be adjusted in the test, so that the sample is subjected to shear failure in different directions; there are also some test instruments, need to make lining mould before the test, namely after the test piece is bound with waterproof cover, glue with cement etc. and fix in the test mould, lay mica powder etc. as the shear plane in the middle part of the test mould. These complicated operation processes are not conducive to the development of the experiment lesson of the students, and especially if the students are unskilled in operation, the instruments are easily damaged.
(2) The function is single. Some of the above instruments can only perform a single experiment, and other instruments are required for performing other experiments, which is difficult to meet the requirements.
(3) The rock sample specification requirements are strict. The existing direct shear test instruments have strict requirements on the size of a sample, a small series of samples are tested in small equipment, a medium series of samples are tested in medium equipment, and a large series of samples are tested in large equipment. The result is that the test results of the devices cannot be effectively connected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock direct shear and point load test device which can be used for carrying out a rock direct shear test and a rock point load test and also provides an operation method for the rock direct shear and point load test.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a rock direct shear and some load test device which characterized in that: including loading counter-force frame, axial loading system, normal direction loading system, shear test anchor clamps and point load test anchor clamps:
the loading counter-force frame consists of four upright posts, upright post nuts, a cross beam and a workbench, the workbench is provided with the four upright posts and is connected by threads, the cross beam is arranged at the upper ends of the upright posts and is fixed by the upright post nuts, and rib plates are arranged between the upright posts in order to enhance the strength of the upright posts in a working stress state; a small fixing bolt is arranged in the center of the working table top;
the axial loading system comprises an axial loading jack, an axial manual oil pump and a pressure sensor; the base end of the axial loading jack is arranged at the central position of the cross beam and fixedly connected by adopting a screw, and the piston end of the axial loading jack is provided with a pressure sensor; the axial manual oil pump is connected with the axial loading jack through an oil pipe, and an axial loading valve and an axial pressure gauge are installed in a pipeline;
the normal loading system comprises a normal loading jack, a horizontal counter force screw rod, a screw nut and a normal manual oil pump; the normal loading jack is arranged between the two upright posts on the left side of the front surface of the upper plane of the workbench, the horizontal counter-force screw and the screw nut are arranged between the two upright posts on the right side of the front surface of the upper plane of the workbench, and the tail end of the horizontal counter-force screw is provided with a handle; the normal manual oil pump is connected with the normal loading jack through an oil pipe, and a normal loading valve, a normal pressure gauge and an overflow valve are installed in a pipeline;
the shear test fixture comprises a horizontal reaction plate and a shear box; the shearing box comprises a pressing plate, a pressing plate with a rolling shaft, a rubber base plate and a shearing steel pressing plate; the two pressing plates with the rolling shafts are symmetrically arranged on the horizontal counter-force plate, the two pressing plates are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the pressing plates with the rolling shafts, and a sample is placed in the middle of the pressing plates with the rolling shafts; the upper end and the lower end of the sample are respectively provided with a rubber base plate and a shearing steel pressing plate which are symmetrically arranged in the shearing center of the sample;
the point load test fixture comprises an upper pressurizing head and a lower pressurizing head; the upper pressurizing head is arranged on the lower end face of a pressure sensor at the piston end of the axial loading jack, and the lower pressurizing head is arranged on the center of the workbench and is fixed by a small bolt;
the invention is also characterized in that:
the linear design of clamp plate and sample contact surface be sharp, arc or dysmorphism, the linear of shearing steel clamp plate be the same with the linear of sample, the shearing box can adapt to rectangle, cylindrical and the rock specimen of different shapes and size.
A shear test operation method of a rock direct shear and point load test device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: opening an axial loading valve, operating an axial manual oil pump to enable a piston to descend to a proper position, placing a horizontal counter-force plate in the center of a workbench, fixing the horizontal counter-force plate by a small bolt, and adjusting the transverse center of the workbench to be axially parallel to a normal loading jack and a horizontal counter-force screw;
step two: assembling corresponding shearing boxes according to different rock sample shapes and sizes, selecting a square shearing steel pressing plate and a corresponding pressing plate and a rolling shaft pressing plate for a square block sample, and selecting a circular shearing steel pressing plate and a corresponding pressing plate and a rolling shaft pressing plate for a cylindrical sample; the center of a horizontal reaction plate is arranged right before a shearing steel backing plate, the hollow part of the other half side of the shearing steel backing plate is filled with a rubber backing plate, then a sample is placed on the shearing steel backing plate to be aligned, the upper end surface of the sample is covered by the shearing steel backing plate to be aligned, the hollow part of the other half side of the shearing steel backing plate is filled with the rubber backing plate, and the upper shearing steel backing plate and the lower shearing steel backing plate are symmetrically arranged at the shearing center of the sample;
step three: operating a normal manual oil pump to enable the loading end face to be in close contact with the sample;
step four: the two side surfaces of the sample are respectively and sequentially provided with a pressing plate and a pressing plate with a rolling shaft, the normal loading jack and the horizontal counter-force screw rod are adjusted to be in close contact, if the sample is relaxed, the handle is shaken to enable the horizontal counter-force screw rod to be in close contact with the horizontal counter-force screw rod, the two side surfaces of the sample are completely covered by the pressing plate, and the center of the side surface is kept consistent with the center of the normal loading;
step five: the normal load is loaded in a grading way from 0MPa, the same grade is increased each time, a normal load preset value is set, a normal loading valve is opened, a normal manual oil pump is operated, the loading speed is slowly carried out at a constant speed, and the reading of a normal pressure gauge reaches the preset value;
step six: and operating the axial manual oil pump, slowly and uniformly loading until the sample is damaged, and obtaining the load value collected by the pressure sensor.
A point load test operation method of a rock direct shear and point load test device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively installing an upper pressurizing head and a lower pressurizing head on the lower end surface of a piston end pressure sensor of an axial loading jack and the center of a workbench, wherein the upper pressurizing head and the lower pressurizing head are on the same vertical line;
step two: opening an axial loading valve, operating an axial manual oil pump to enable a piston to descend to a proper position, placing a sample on a lower pressurizing head, operating the axial manual oil pump to enable an upper pressurizing head to be in close contact with the sample, enabling the contact point to be superposed with the axis of the sample, and keeping the axis of the sample to be superposed with the connecting line of the upper pressurizing head and the lower pressurizing head;
step three: and operating the axial manual oil pump, and loading at a constant speed until the sample is damaged to obtain a load numerical value collected by the pressure sensor.
The invention has the advantages of
(1) The method is simple to operate, strong in operability and convenient for carrying out the design type hard rock-soil mechanical property test. According to the traditional rock shear test, concrete is poured to wrap the rock, and the specially designed shear test fixture is adopted, so that the procedure of wrapping the sample with the concrete (and the influence of wrapping cement) is reduced, and the sample preparation period is greatly shortened. In addition, the standard sample is prepared according to the standard requirements, time and labor are consumed for carrying out the compressive strength test of the rock, special sample preparation equipment is needed, the independent design type test of diversity is not facilitated for students, the point load test method is simple and convenient, the sample does not need to be processed in a complicated mode, and test data can be obtained in time. The test can be carried out aiming at weathered rocks, weak broken rocks and the like which are difficult to prepare samples in indoor tests.
(2) The rock direct shear test and the point load test can be carried out, and the function is more. The device is through making direct shear test and some load test anchor clamps respectively, and uses same set of loading system and survey and read system, reaches the purpose that can carry out the rock direct shear test, also can carry out some load tests, promotes the price/performance ratio of instrument.
(3) The shearing test suitable for rock samples with different sizes can be carried out. By improving the size of the shearing pressure head and the like, the shearing box can carry out shearing tests on samples in different shapes (cylinders and cuboids) and different sizes.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a shear test of a rock direct shear and point load test device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the shear box of the block sample of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical sample shear box.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a point load test of the rock direct shear and point load test device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a front view of the rock direct shear and point load testing device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a top view of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a left side view of fig. 6.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-rib plate, 2-workbench, 3-small bolt, 4-horizontal counter force plate, 5-shearing box, 6-pressing plate, 7-pressing plate with roller, 8-rubber cushion plate, 9-shearing steel pressing plate, 10-upper pressure head, 11-axial loading jack, 12-axial manual oil pump, 13-axial loading valve, 14-axial pressure gauge, 15-normal loading jack, 16-counter force screw, 17-normal manual oil pump, 18-overflow valve, 19-normal loading valve, 20-normal pressure gauge, 21-sample, 22-lower pressure head, 23-upright column, 24-cross beam, 25-handle, 26-screw nut, 27-upright column nut and 28 pressure sensor.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a shear test of a rock direct shear and point load test device of the present invention, fig. 2 is a sectional view of a shear box of a square block sample in fig. 1, fig. 3 is a sectional view of B-B of fig. 2, fig. 4 is a sectional view of a shear box of a cylindrical sample, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a point load test of a rock direct shear and point load test device of the present invention.
The invention relates to a rock direct shear and point load test device, which is characterized in that: including loading counter-force frame, axial loading system, normal direction loading system, shear test anchor clamps and point load test anchor clamps:
the loading counterforce frame consists of four upright posts 23, upright post nuts 27, a cross beam 24 and a workbench 2, the workbench 2 is provided with the four upright posts 23 and is connected by threads, the cross beam 24 arranged at the upper ends of the upright posts 23 is fixed by the upright post nuts 27, and rib plates 1 are arranged between the upright posts 23 in order to enhance the strength of the upright posts 23 in a working stress state; a small fixing bolt 3 is arranged in the center of the surface of the workbench 2;
the axial loading system comprises an axial loading jack 11, an axial manual oil pump 12 and a pressure sensor 28; the base end of the axial loading jack 11 is arranged at the central position of the cross beam 24 and fixedly connected by adopting a screw, and the piston end of the axial loading jack 11 is provided with a pressure sensor 28; the axial manual oil pump 12 is connected with the axial loading jack 11 through an oil pipe, and an axial loading valve 13 and an axial pressure gauge 14 are installed in a pipeline;
the normal loading system comprises a normal loading jack 15, a horizontal counter force screw 16, a screw nut 26 and a normal manual oil pump 17; the normal loading jack 15 is arranged between the two upright posts 23 on the left side of the front surface of the upper plane of the workbench 2, the horizontal counter force screw 16 and the screw nut 26 are arranged between the two upright posts 23 on the right side of the front surface of the upper plane of the workbench 2, and the tail end of the horizontal counter force screw 16 is provided with a handle 25; the normal manual oil pump 17 is connected with the normal loading jack 15 through an oil pipe, and a normal loading valve 19, a normal pressure gauge 20 and an overflow valve 18 are arranged in a pipeline;
the shear test fixture comprises a horizontal reaction plate 4 and a shear box 5; the shearing box 5 comprises a pressing plate 6, a pressing plate 7 with a rolling shaft, a rubber base plate 8 and a shearing steel pressing plate 9; the two pressing plates 7 with the rollers are symmetrically arranged on the horizontal counter-force plate 4, the two pressing plates 6 are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the pressing plates 7 with the rollers, and the middle part is provided with a test sample 21; the upper end and the lower end of the sample 21 are respectively provided with a rubber pad 8 and a shear steel pressing plate 9, and the rubber pad 8 and the shear steel pressing plate 9 are symmetrically arranged in the shear center of the sample 21;
the point load test fixture comprises an upper pressurizing head 10 and a lower pressurizing head 22; the upper pressure head 10 is arranged on the lower end surface of a pressure sensor 28 at the piston end of the axial loading jack 11, and the lower pressure head 22 is arranged on the center of the workbench 2 and is fixed by a small bolt 3.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the linear design of the contact surface of the pressing plate 6 and the sample 21 is linear, circular arc or special-shaped, the linear shape of the shearing steel pressing plate 9 is the same as that of the sample 21, and the shearing box 5 can adapt to rectangular, cylindrical and rock samples with different shapes and sizes.
A shear test operation method of a rock direct shear and point load test device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: opening an axial loading valve 13, operating an axial manual oil pump 12 to enable a piston to descend to a proper position, placing a horizontal counter-force plate 4 in the center of a workbench 2, fixing the horizontal counter-force plate by a small bolt 3, and adjusting the transverse center of the workbench 2 to be axially parallel to a normal loading jack 15 and a horizontal counter-force screw 16;
step two: assembling corresponding shearing boxes 5 according to different rock sample shapes and sizes, selecting a square shearing steel pressing plate 9 and a corresponding pressing plate 6 and a rolling shaft pressing plate 7 for a square block sample 21, and selecting a circular shearing steel pressing plate 9 and a corresponding pressing plate 6 and a rolling shaft pressing plate 7 for a circular cylinder sample 21; the center of a horizontal reaction plate 4 is arranged in the front of a shearing steel base plate 9, the hollow part of the other half of the shearing steel base plate 9 is filled with a rubber base plate 8, then a sample 21 is placed on the shearing steel base plate 9 to be aligned, the upper end face of the sample 21 is also covered and aligned with the shearing steel base plate 9, the hollow part of the other half of the shearing steel base plate 9 is filled with the rubber base plate 8, and the upper shearing steel base plate 9 and the lower shearing steel base plate 9 are symmetrically arranged in the shearing center of the sample 21;
step three: operating the normal manual oil pump 17 to make the loading end face closely contact with the sample 21;
step four: the pressing plate 6 and the pressing plate 7 with the roller are respectively and sequentially arranged on two side surfaces of the sample 21, the normal loading jack 15 and the horizontal counter force screw 16 are adjusted to be in tight contact, if the sample is relaxed, the handle 25 is shaken to enable the horizontal counter force screw 16 to be in tight contact with the sample, the pressing plate 6 is noticed to completely cover the two side surfaces of the sample 21, and the center of the side surface is kept consistent with the center of the normal loading;
step five: the normal load is loaded in a grading way from 0MPa, the same grade is increased every time, the preset value of the normal load is set, the normal loading valve 19 is opened, the normal manual oil pump 17 is operated, the loading speed is slowly carried out at a constant speed, and the reading of the normal pressure gauge 20 reaches the preset value;
step six: and operating the axial manual oil pump 12, and slowly and uniformly loading until the sample 21 is damaged to obtain a load value collected by the pressure sensor 28.
A point load test operation method of a rock direct shear and point load test device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively installing an upper pressurizing head 10 and a lower pressurizing head 22 on the lower end surface of a piston end pressure sensor 28 of an axial loading jack 11 and the center of a workbench 2, wherein the upper pressurizing head 10 and the lower pressurizing head 22 are on the same vertical line;
step two: opening an axial loading valve 13, operating an axial manual oil pump 12 to enable a piston to descend to a proper position, placing a sample 21 on a lower pressurizing head 22, operating the axial manual oil pump 12 to enable an upper pressurizing head 10 to be tightly contacted with the sample 21, enabling the contact point to be superposed with the axis of the sample 21, and keeping the axis of the sample 21 to be superposed with the connecting lines of the upper pressurizing head 10 and the lower pressurizing head 22;
step three: and operating the axial manual oil pump 12, and loading at a constant speed until the sample 21 is damaged to obtain a load value collected by the pressure sensor 28.
For further explanation:
referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, fig. 6 is a front view of a rock direct shear and point load testing device of the present invention, fig. 7 is a top view of fig. 6, and fig. 8 is a left side view of fig. 6.
The tonnage of the axial loading jack 11 is 50 tons, and the tonnage of the normal loading jack 15 is 30 tons; the loading counterforce frame is designed according to the tonnage of the jack; hydraulics in the axial loading system and the normal loading system: the axial loading jack 11, the axial manual oil pump 12, the axial loading valve 13, the axial pressure gauge 14, the normal loading jack 15, the normal manual oil pump 17, the overflow valve 18, the normal loading valve 19, the normal pressure gauge 20 and auxiliary accessories thereof are all commercially available.
Claims (2)
1. A shear test operation method of a rock direct shear and point load test device is characterized in that the test device comprises a loading counter-force frame, an axial loading system, a normal loading system, a shear test fixture and a point load test fixture:
the loading counter-force frame consists of four upright posts (23), upright post nuts (27), cross beams (24) and a workbench (2), the workbench (2) is provided with the four upright posts (23) which are connected by threads, the cross beams (24) arranged at the upper ends of the upright posts (23) are fixed by the upright post nuts (27), and rib plates (1) are arranged among the upright posts (23) in order to enhance the strength of the upright posts (23) in a working stress state; a small fixing bolt (3) is arranged in the center of the surface of the workbench (2);
the axial loading system comprises an axial loading jack (11), an axial manual oil pump (12) and a pressure sensor (28); the base end of the axial loading jack (11) is arranged at the central position of the cross beam (24) and is fixedly connected with the cross beam by a screw, and the piston end of the axial loading jack (11) is provided with a pressure sensor (28); the axial manual oil pump (12) is connected with the axial loading jack (11) through an oil pipe, and an axial loading valve (13) and an axial pressure gauge (14) are installed in a pipeline;
the normal loading system comprises a normal loading jack (15), a horizontal counter force screw (16), a screw nut (26) and a normal manual oil pump (17); the normal loading jack (15) is arranged between two upright posts (23) on the left side of the front surface of the upper plane of the workbench (2), the horizontal counter force screw (16) and the screw nut (26) are arranged between the two upright posts (23) on the right side of the front surface of the upper plane of the workbench (2), and the tail end of the horizontal counter force screw (16) is provided with a handle (25); the normal manual oil pump (17) is connected with the normal loading jack (15) through an oil pipe, and a normal loading valve (19), a normal pressure gauge (20) and an overflow valve (18) are installed in a pipeline;
the shear test fixture comprises a horizontal reaction plate (4) and a shear box (5); the shearing box (5) comprises a pressing plate (6), a pressing plate (7) with a rolling shaft, a rubber base plate (8) and a shearing steel pressing plate (9); two pressing plates (7) with rollers are symmetrically arranged on the horizontal counter-force plate (4), two pressing plates (6) are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the pressing plates (7) with rollers, and a sample (21) is arranged in the middle of the pressing plates; the upper end and the lower end of the sample (21) are respectively provided with a rubber base plate (8) and a shear steel pressing plate (9), and the rubber base plate (8) and the shear steel pressing plate (9) are symmetrically arranged at the shear center of the sample (21);
the point load test fixture comprises an upper pressurizing head (10) and a lower pressurizing head (22); the upper pressurizing head (10) is arranged on the lower end face of a pressure sensor (28) at the piston end of the axial loading jack (11), and the lower pressurizing head (22) is arranged on the center of the workbench (2) and is fixed by a small bolt (3);
the linear design of the contact surface of the pressure plate (6) and the sample (21) is linear, circular arc or special, the linear of the shearing steel pressure plate (9) is the same as that of the sample (21), and the shearing box (5) can adapt to rectangular, cylindrical and rock samples with different shapes and sizes;
a shear test operation method of a rock direct shear and point load test device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: opening an axial loading valve (13), operating an axial manual oil pump (12), enabling a piston to descend to a proper position, placing a horizontal reaction plate (4) in the center of a workbench (2), fixing the horizontal reaction plate by a small bolt (3), and adjusting the transverse center of the workbench (2) to be axially parallel to a normal loading jack (15) and a horizontal reaction screw (16);
step two: assembling corresponding shearing boxes (5) according to different rock sample shapes and sizes, selecting a square shearing steel pressing plate (9) and a corresponding pressing plate (6) and a pressing plate with a rolling shaft (7) for a square block sample (21), and selecting a circular shearing steel pressing plate (9) and a corresponding pressing plate (6) and a pressing plate with a rolling shaft (7) for a cylindrical sample (21); the center of a horizontal reaction plate (4) is placed right at the shearing steel base plate (9), the hollow part of the other half side of the shearing steel base plate (9) is filled with a rubber base plate (8), then a sample (21) is placed on the shearing steel base plate (9) to be aligned, the upper end face of the sample (21) is also covered by the shearing steel base plate (9) to be aligned, the hollow part of the other half side of the shearing steel base plate (9) is filled with the rubber base plate (8), and the upper shearing steel base plate and the lower shearing steel base plate (9) are symmetrically placed at the shearing center of the sample (21);
step three: operating the normal manual oil pump (17) to make the loading end face closely contact with the sample (21);
step four: a pressing plate (6) and a pressing plate (7) with a roller are respectively and sequentially arranged on two side faces of the sample (21), a normal loading jack (15) and a horizontal counter-force screw (16) are adjusted to be in tight contact, if the sample is relaxed, a handle (25) is shaken to enable the horizontal counter-force screw (16) to be in tight contact with the horizontal counter-force screw, the pressing plate (6) is noticed to completely cover the two side faces of the sample (21), and the center of the side face is kept consistent with the center of normal loading;
step five: the normal load is loaded in a grading way from 0MPa, the same grade is increased every time, the preset value of the normal load is set, the normal loading valve (19) is opened, the normal manual oil pump (17) is operated, the loading speed is slowly carried out at a constant speed, and the reading of the normal pressure gauge (20) reaches the preset value;
step six: and operating the axial manual oil pump (12), slowly and uniformly loading until the sample (21) is damaged, and obtaining a load value collected by the pressure sensor (28).
2. A point load test operation method of a rock direct shear and point load test device is characterized in that the test device comprises a loading counter-force frame, an axial loading system, a normal loading system, a shear test fixture and a point load test fixture:
the loading counter-force frame consists of four upright posts (23), upright post nuts (27), cross beams (24) and a workbench (2), the workbench (2) is provided with the four upright posts (23) which are connected by threads, the cross beams (24) arranged at the upper ends of the upright posts (23) are fixed by the upright post nuts (27), and rib plates (1) are arranged among the upright posts (23) in order to enhance the strength of the upright posts (23) in a working stress state; a small fixing bolt (3) is arranged in the center of the surface of the workbench (2);
the axial loading system comprises an axial loading jack (11), an axial manual oil pump (12) and a pressure sensor (28); the base end of the axial loading jack (11) is arranged at the central position of the cross beam (24) and is fixedly connected with the cross beam by a screw, and the piston end of the axial loading jack (11) is provided with a pressure sensor (28); the axial manual oil pump (12) is connected with the axial loading jack (11) through an oil pipe, and an axial loading valve (13) and an axial pressure gauge (14) are installed in a pipeline;
the normal loading system comprises a normal loading jack (15), a horizontal counter force screw (16), a screw nut (26) and a normal manual oil pump (17); the normal loading jack (15) is arranged between two upright posts (23) on the left side of the front surface of the upper plane of the workbench (2), the horizontal counter force screw (16) and the screw nut (26) are arranged between the two upright posts (23) on the right side of the front surface of the upper plane of the workbench (2), and the tail end of the horizontal counter force screw (16) is provided with a handle (25); the normal manual oil pump (17) is connected with the normal loading jack (15) through an oil pipe, and a normal loading valve (19), a normal pressure gauge (20) and an overflow valve (18) are installed in a pipeline;
the shear test fixture comprises a horizontal reaction plate (4) and a shear box (5); the shearing box (5) comprises a pressing plate (6), a pressing plate (7) with a rolling shaft, a rubber base plate (8) and a shearing steel pressing plate (9); two pressing plates (7) with rollers are symmetrically arranged on the horizontal reaction plate (4), two pressing plates (6) are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the pressing plates (7) with rollers, and a test sample (21) is arranged in the middle of the pressing plates; the upper end and the lower end of the sample (21) are respectively provided with a rubber base plate (8) and a shear steel pressing plate (9), and the rubber base plate (8) and the shear steel pressing plate (9) are symmetrically arranged at the shear center of the sample (21);
the point load test fixture comprises an upper pressurizing head (10) and a lower pressurizing head (22); the upper pressurizing head (10) is arranged on the lower end face of a piston end pressure sensor (28) of the axial loading jack (11), and the lower pressurizing head (22) is arranged in the center of the workbench (2) and fixed by a small bolt (3);
the linear design of the contact surface of the pressure plate (6) and the sample (21) is linear, circular arc or special, the linear of the shearing steel pressure plate (9) is the same as that of the sample (21), and the shearing box (5) can adapt to rectangular, cylindrical and rock samples with different shapes and sizes;
a point load test operation method of a rock direct shear and point load test device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively installing an upper pressurizing head (10) and a lower pressurizing head (22) on the lower end surface of a piston end pressure sensor (28) of an axial loading jack (11) and the center of a workbench (2), wherein the upper pressurizing head (10) and the lower pressurizing head (22) are on the same vertical line;
step two: opening an axial loading valve (13), operating an axial manual oil pump (12), enabling a piston to descend to a proper position, placing a sample (21) on a lower pressurizing head (22), and simultaneously operating the axial manual oil pump (12) to enable an upper pressurizing head (10) to be in close contact with the sample (21), enabling the contact point to be superposed with the axis of the sample (21), and keeping the axis of the sample (21) to be superposed with the connecting lines of the upper pressurizing head (10) and the lower pressurizing head (22);
step three: and operating the axial manual oil pump (12), and loading at a constant speed until the sample (21) is damaged to obtain a load value collected by the pressure sensor (28).
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