CN108225946B - Cylindrical rock sample direct shearing device and method - Google Patents
Cylindrical rock sample direct shearing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108225946B CN108225946B CN201810220789.XA CN201810220789A CN108225946B CN 108225946 B CN108225946 B CN 108225946B CN 201810220789 A CN201810220789 A CN 201810220789A CN 108225946 B CN108225946 B CN 108225946B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0266—Cylindrical specimens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
Abstract
The invention discloses a cylindrical rock sample direct shear device and a method, wherein the cylindrical rock sample direct shear device comprises an operation box, a first horizontal load rod and a second horizontal load rod are respectively arranged on two symmetrical side walls of the operation box, a vertical load rod is arranged at the upper end of the operation box, an operation table is arranged at the lower end of the operation box, and a base is arranged at a position corresponding to the vertical load rod on the operation table; the cylindrical rock sample direct shearing method provided by the invention comprises the steps of placing the prepared standard cylindrical rock sample in an operation box, and applying load through an upper supporting pad block, a lower pressing pad block and a spherical pressure head until the sample is destroyed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a cylindrical rock sample direct shear device and method.
Background
In underground engineering such as mining, nuclear waste disposal, water conservancy and hydropower, tunnels, slopes and the like, fractured rock mass is a frequently encountered complex rock mass, the strength, deformation and other characteristics of which are directly related to engineering design, construction and operation stability, and the characteristics have obvious time correlation. The main reasons for rock mass engineering accidents such as landslide, surrounding rock collapse, underground engineering instability and the like are that the shear strength of fractured rock mass is insufficient and shear damage occurs. Therefore, the experimental study on the shear characteristics of the fractured rock mass is developed, and the method has important guiding significance on the long-term stability of the whole rock mass engineering.
The rock shear tester TEST60 is manufactured by the united states MTS company, key components such as oil sources are imported by the MTS company, and the system frame is processed domestically. The method is mainly used for shear (fracture) tests of rock, concrete, a contact surface of the concrete and the rock, a soft structural surface of the rock mass and the like; the uniaxial compression/tensile test of the rock can be realized; the vertical load-deformation relation curve, the horizontal load-deformation relation curve and the vertical deformation-horizontal deformation relation curve of the test piece can be mapped. The main technical parameters are as follows: bidirectional loading, axial 100t (1000 KN), horizontal load 250t (2500 KN), mainly used for shear test and bidirectional loading test of square test pieces; shear test under dynamic load of rock and structural surface, the maximum frequency is 5Hz; the maximum size of the test piece is 200mm.
Problems with existing devices: since the rock shear TEST machine TEST60 is in flat surface contact with the sample in both the vertical and horizontal loading directions, only a direct shear TEST for square samples can be performed. The most commonly used test sample in the rock mechanical test is a cylindrical standard test sample, the direct shear test of the test sample has larger requirement, the existing equipment is difficult to meet the requirement, and the existing vertical loading pressure head is in rigid contact with the test sample cushion block, so that vertical bias stress is easy to generate, the test rock positive stress is unevenly distributed, a certain deviation of the direct shear test result is caused, and larger inconvenience is brought to the rock direct shear test.
Therefore, aiming at the current situation that the conventional rock direct shear TEST can only perform square or cylindrical sample shear TEST, a cylindrical cushion block is designed for the rock shear TEST machine TEST60, so that the direct shear TEST of a cylindrical sample can be performed on the basis of performing the square sample direct shear TEST, the direct shear TEST of the square and cylindrical rock sample is finally realized, and the spherical pressure head is additionally installed and modified to obtain uniform positive stress.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cylindrical rock sample direct shearing device and a cylindrical rock sample direct shearing method capable of achieving cylindrical rock sample direct shearing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the cylindrical rock sample direct shear device comprises an operation box, wherein a first horizontal load rod and a second horizontal load rod are respectively arranged on two symmetrical side walls of the operation box, a vertical load rod is arranged at the upper end of the operation box, an operation table is arranged at the lower end of the operation box, and a base is arranged at a position, corresponding to the vertical load rod, on the operation table;
the first horizontal load rod comprises a first push rod arranged on the operation box, the first push rod is connected with a first horizontal base, the front end of the first horizontal base is connected with an upper supporting pad block through a pad block mounting hole, a round supporting block is arranged in the middle of the upper supporting pad block, and a centering identification line is arranged at the corresponding positions of the middle of the first horizontal base and the upper supporting pad block;
the second horizontal load rod comprises a second push rod arranged on the operation box, the second push rod is connected with a second horizontal base, the front end of the second horizontal base is connected with a pressing pad block through a pad block mounting hole, a round pressing block is arranged in the middle of the pressing pad block, and a centering identification line is arranged at the corresponding positions of the second horizontal base and the middle of the pressing pad block;
the vertical load rod comprises a vertical push rod which penetrates through the operation box and is connected with the pressing seat, a spherical pressure head is embedded at the lower end of the pressing seat, and the lower side edge of the spherical pressure head is connected with the outer side wall of the pressing seat through a connecting spring; the vertical push rod is connected with the pressing seat through a connecting rod, and an annular gasket is sleeved on the connecting rod.
In the above scheme, preferably, the upper support pad block is provided with an upper groove at the upper side of the round support block.
In the above scheme, preferably, half of the round supporting blocks are embedded in the upper supporting pad blocks; the vertical section of the upper groove is arc-shaped, the diameter of the upper groove is the same as that of the round supporting block, and a centering marking line is arranged in the upper groove.
In the above scheme, preferably, a lower groove is formed in the position of the lower pressing pad block, which is located at the lower side of the circular pressing block.
In the above scheme, preferably, half of the round pressing block is embedded in the pressing cushion block; the vertical cross section of the lower groove is arc-shaped, the diameter of the lower groove is the same as that of the round pressing block, and a centering marking line is arranged in the lower groove.
In the above scheme, preferably, the radian of the vertical section of the upper groove and the lower groove is 170 degrees.
In the above scheme, preferably, a threaded hole is formed in the bottom of the vertical push rod, and the connecting rod is a bolt matched with the threaded hole.
In the above scheme, preferably, the number of the connecting springs is six and is uniformly distributed on the lower side edge of the spherical pressure head.
The invention also provides a cylindrical rock sample direct shearing method which is applied to the cylindrical rock sample direct shearing device and comprises the following steps:
step one, placing a prepared standard cylindrical rock sample in an operation box and placing the standard cylindrical rock sample on a supporting cushion block;
step two, respectively moving a horizontal first horizontal load rod and a horizontal second load rod through a first push rod and a second push rod, pushing a lower pressing cushion block to move in the direction of an upper supporting cushion block until a sample contacts with the lower pressing cushion block, and finishing fixing the sample in the horizontal direction when the lower pressing cushion block is aligned with a centering identification line on a second horizontal base and the upper supporting cushion block is also aligned with the centering identification line on the first horizontal base;
step three, moving a vertical load rod through a vertical push rod until the sample contacts with the spherical pressure head, thereby finishing the fixing of the sample in the vertical direction;
step four, applying vertical load to a preset value through a vertical push rod at a fixed loading rate and keeping stable;
and fifthly, applying horizontal shearing load through the first push rod and the second push rod at a fixed loading rate, recording the change data of the load and displacement in real time until the shearing damage occurs to the shearing surface of the sample, and ending the test.
Further, when the pressing pad, the upper supporting pad and the spherical pressure head are contacted with the sample, a contact load with a preset load value is applied.
The cylindrical rock sample direct shear device provided by the invention has the main beneficial effects that:
through arranging the upper supporting cushion block and the lower pressing cushion block in the horizontal direction respectively, the two cushion blocks are utilized to interact with the cylindrical sample to be processed, so that vertical load can be transmitted through the round supporting blocks on the upper supporting cushion block and the round on the lower pressing cushion block, horizontal load is transmitted through the upper supporting cushion block and the lower pressing cushion block, the cylindrical or square rock sample is uniformly stressed, and the influence of eccentricity on a shear test is avoided; the shearing breaking surface is positioned in the middle of the sample through the cooperation of the round pressing block and the round cushion block, so that experimental analysis is convenient, and meanwhile, the direct shearing device can be protected.
Through being connected through the connecting rod between pressing seat and vertical push rod to set up annular gasket, when utilizing the connecting rod to guarantee the load conduction, utilize annular gasket to guarantee to press the complete contact of seat and vertical push rod and pass power, have the shock attenuation simultaneously and protect the effect of direct shear device.
The connecting springs are arranged to be six from the existing four, so that the degree of freedom of the existing spherical pressure head is reduced, and the direct shear device can be conveniently and rapidly contacted and fixed with the sample.
The cylindrical rock sample direct shearing method provided by the invention has the main beneficial effects that:
compared with the existing structure, the direct shear device for the sample can more conveniently install and fix the sample, and improve the experimental efficiency; by uniformly applying the load, the data of the shear stress and the displacement change can be quickly and conveniently obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cylindrical rock sample direct shear device.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a vertical load bar.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a vertical load bar.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the first horizontal load bar.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second horizontal load bar.
The device comprises a vertical load rod, 11, a vertical push rod, 12, an annular gasket, 13, a pressing seat, 14, a spherical pressure head, 15, a connecting spring, 16, a connecting rod, 2, a first horizontal load rod, 21, a first push rod, 22, a first horizontal base, 23, an upper supporting cushion block, 231, an upper groove, 232, a round supporting block, 233, a centering marking line, 24, a cushion block mounting hole, 3, a second horizontal load rod, 31, a second push rod, 32, a second horizontal base, 33, a lower pressing cushion block, 331, a round pressing block, 332, a lower groove, 4, an operating table, 41, a base, 5, an operating box, 51, an inner layer box, 52, an outer layer box, 6, a loading part, 61, a vertical loading part, 62 and a transverse loading part.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the cylindrical rock sample direct shear device provided by the invention comprises an operation box 5, wherein a first horizontal load rod 2 and a second horizontal load rod 3 are respectively arranged on two symmetrical side walls of the operation box 5, a vertical load rod 1 is arranged at the upper end of the operation box 5, an operation table 4 is arranged at the lower end of the operation box 5, and a base 41 is arranged at a position corresponding to the vertical load rod 1 on the operation table 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the first horizontal load bar 2 includes a first push bar 21 provided on the operation box 5, the first push bar 21 is connected with a first horizontal base 22, and the front end of the first horizontal base 22 is connected with a jacking cushion block 23 through a cushion block mounting hole 24; the middle part of the upper supporting pad block 23 is provided with a round supporting block 232, and half of the round supporting block 232 is embedded in the upper supporting pad block 23; the upper supporting pad block 23 is provided with an upper groove 231 at the upper side of the round supporting block 232, the vertical section of the upper groove 231 is arc-shaped, the radian is 170 degrees, and the diameter of the upper groove 231 is the same as that of the round supporting block 232; the first horizontal base 22 and the upper groove 231 are provided with centering marks 233 at corresponding positions in the middle thereof to facilitate the positioning of the upper pad 23 and the sample in the horizontal direction during the experiment.
As shown in fig. 5, the second horizontal load rod 3 includes a second push rod 31 disposed on the operation box 5, the second push rod 31 is connected with a second horizontal base 32, the front end of the second horizontal base 32 is connected with a pressing cushion block 33 through a cushion block mounting hole 24, a circular pressing block 331 is disposed in the middle of the pressing cushion block 33, and half of the circular pressing block 331 is embedded in the pressing cushion block 33; the lower groove 332 is formed in the position of the lower side of the circular pressing block 331 of the pressing cushion block 33, the vertical section of the lower groove 332 is arc-shaped, the radian is 170 degrees, and the diameter of the lower groove 332 is the same as that of the circular pressing block 331; a centering marking line 233 is arranged at the corresponding position of the middle parts of the second horizontal base 32 and the lower groove 332, so as to facilitate the positioning of the pressing pad 33 and the sample in the horizontal direction in the experiment.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the vertical load rod 1 comprises a vertical push rod 11 which is arranged through the operation box 5, a threaded hole is formed in the bottom of the vertical push rod 11, the vertical push rod 11 is connected with a pressing seat 13, a connecting rod 16 is arranged at the upper end of the pressing seat 13, and the connecting rod 16 is a bolt matched with the threaded hole; the connecting rod 16 is sleeved with an annular gasket 12.
The lower end of the pressing seat 13 is embedded with a spherical pressing head 14, the lower side edge of the spherical pressing head 14 is connected with the outer side wall of the pressing seat 13 through connecting springs 15, and the number of the connecting springs 15 is six and is uniformly distributed on the lower side edge of the spherical pressing head 14.
Through being connected through connecting rod 16 between pressing seat 13 and vertical push rod 11 to set up annular gasket 12, when utilizing connecting rod 16 to guarantee the load conduction, utilize annular gasket 12 to guarantee to press the complete contact transmission of power between seat 13 and the vertical push rod 11, have the effect of shock attenuation and protection direct shear device simultaneously.
The invention also provides a cylindrical rock sample direct shearing method which is applied to the cylindrical rock sample direct shearing device, as shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
step one, the prepared standard cylindrical rock sample is placed in the operation box 5 and placed on the upper support pad 23.
Step two, respectively moving the horizontal first horizontal load rod 2 and the horizontal second horizontal load rod 3 through the first push rod 21 and the second push rod 31, and pushing the pressing cushion block 33 to move towards the upper supporting cushion block 23 until the sample contacts with the pressing cushion block 33; when the lower pressing pad 33 is aligned with the centering mark line 233 on the second horizontal base 32, the upper supporting pad 23 is also aligned with the centering mark line 233 on the first horizontal base 22, and fixing of the sample in the horizontal direction is completed.
The upper supporting pad block 23 is positioned right below the vertical push rod 11; when the fixing is completed, the first push rod 21 and the second push rod 31 are moved as needed to fine-tune the position of the sample, ensuring that it is located directly under the vertical push rod 11.
Further, when the pad 33 is pressed down and the pad 23 is brought into contact with the sample, a contact load of a predetermined load value is applied to the first horizontal load bar 2 and the second horizontal load bar 3, and the load value may be 2kN.
And thirdly, moving the vertical load rod 1 through the vertical push rod 11 until the sample contacts with the spherical pressure head 14, thereby completing the fixation of the sample in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Further, when the spherical indenter 14 is in contact with the sample, a contact load of a predetermined load value is applied by the vertical load bar 1, and the load value may be taken to be 2kN. .
And step four, applying vertical load to a preset value through the vertical push rod 11 at a fixed loading rate and keeping stable.
And fifthly, applying horizontal shear load through the first push rod 21 and the second push rod 31 at a fixed loading rate until the shear fracture of the shear surface of the sample occurs, and ending the test.
In the whole test process, the instrument records data such as vertical displacement, horizontal displacement, vertical load and horizontal load in real time, and is convenient for carrying out data processing analysis work such as drawing of a shear stress-horizontal displacement curve.
The above description of the embodiments of the present invention has been provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and that all the inventions using the inventive concept are to be protected as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The cylindrical rock sample direct shear device is characterized by comprising an operation box (5), wherein a first horizontal load rod (2) and a second horizontal load rod (3) are respectively arranged on two symmetrical side walls of the operation box (5), a vertical load rod (1) is arranged at the upper end of the operation box (5), an operation table (4) is arranged at the lower end of the operation box (5), and a base (41) is arranged at a position, corresponding to the vertical load rod (1), on the operation table (4);
the first horizontal load rod (2) comprises a first push rod (21) arranged on the operation box (5), the first push rod (21) is connected with a first horizontal base (22), the front end of the first horizontal base (22) is connected with an upper supporting pad block (23) through a cushion block mounting hole (24), a round supporting block (232) is arranged in the middle of the upper supporting pad block (23), and a centering identification line (233) is arranged at the corresponding position of the middle of the first horizontal base (22) and the upper supporting pad block (23);
the second horizontal load rod (3) comprises a second push rod (31) arranged on the operation box (5), the second push rod (31) is connected with a second horizontal base (32), the front end of the second horizontal base (32) is connected with a pressing pad block (33) through a pad block mounting hole (24), a round pressing block (331) is arranged in the middle of the pressing pad block (33), and a centering identification line (233) is arranged at the corresponding positions of the middle of the second horizontal base (32) and the pressing pad block (33);
the vertical load rod (1) comprises a vertical push rod (11) which is arranged through the operation box (5), the vertical push rod (11) is connected with a pressing seat (13), a spherical pressing head (14) is embedded at the lower end of the pressing seat (13), and the lower side edge of the spherical pressing head (14) is connected with the outer side wall of the pressing seat (13) through a connecting spring (15); the vertical push rod (11) is connected with the pressing seat (13) through a connecting rod (16), and an annular gasket (12) is sleeved on the connecting rod (16);
an upper groove (231) is formed in the position, located on the upper side of the round supporting block (232), of the upper supporting pad block (23); half of the round supporting blocks (232) are embedded in the upper supporting pad blocks (23); the vertical section of the upper groove (231) is arc-shaped, the diameter of the upper groove (231) is the same as that of the round supporting block (232), and a centering marking line (233) is arranged in the upper groove (231); the lower groove (332) is formed in the position, located on the lower side of the round pressing block (331), of the pressing cushion block (33); half of the round pressing block (331) is embedded in the lower pressing pad block (33); the vertical section of the lower groove (332) is circular arc-shaped, the diameter of the lower groove (332) is the same as that of the circular pressing block (331), and a centering marking line (233) is arranged in the lower groove (332); threaded holes are formed in the bottoms of the vertical push rods (11), and the connecting rods (16) are bolts matched with the threaded holes.
2. The cylindrical rock sample direct shear device of claim 1, wherein the upper recess (231) and lower recess (332) have a vertical cross-section arc of 170 degrees.
3. The cylindrical rock sample direct shear device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the connecting springs (15) is six and is uniformly distributed on the lower side edge of the spherical indenter (14).
4. A cylindrical rock sample direct shearing method, characterized by being applied to the cylindrical rock sample direct shearing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
firstly, placing a prepared standard cylindrical rock sample in an operation box (5) and placing the standard cylindrical rock sample on an upper supporting pad block (23);
step two, respectively moving a horizontal first horizontal load rod (2) and a horizontal second load rod (3) through a first push rod (21) and a second push rod (31), pushing a lower pressing pad block (33) to move towards an upper supporting cushion block (23) until a sample is contacted with the lower pressing pad block (33), and finishing fixing the horizontal direction of the sample when the lower pressing pad block (33) is aligned with a centering mark line (233) on a second horizontal base (32) and the upper supporting cushion block (23) is also aligned with the centering mark line (233) on a first horizontal base (22);
step three, moving the vertical load rod (1) through the vertical push rod (11) until the sample contacts the spherical pressure head (14), thereby finishing the fixing of the sample in the vertical direction;
step four, applying vertical load to a preset value through a vertical push rod (11) at a fixed loading rate and keeping stable;
and fifthly, applying horizontal shear load through the first push rod (21) and the second push rod (31) at a fixed loading rate, and recording change data of load and displacement in real time until shear damage occurs to the shear surface of the sample, so that the test is finished.
5. The cylindrical rock specimen direct shear method according to claim 4, wherein a contact load of a predetermined load value is applied when the pressing pad (33), the upper pad (23), and the spherical indenter (14) are in contact with the specimen.
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| CN201810220789.XA CN108225946B (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2018-03-16 | Cylindrical rock sample direct shearing device and method |
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| CN201810220789.XA CN108225946B (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2018-03-16 | Cylindrical rock sample direct shearing device and method |
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| CN112964573B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-05-03 | 四川大学 | Cylindrical surface direct shear rheological testing machine for cylindrical rock core in deep-ground environment |
| CN112964575B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-04-08 | 四川大学 | Rock shear rheological testing machine under deep ground environment |
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